• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated anti-pigmentation effect of a hexapeptide. The peptide significantly reduced melanin contents and inhibited tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, in which tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanogenesis. The peptide also significantly reduced the expression levels of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) and their upstream transcription factor, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Furthermore, the peptide suppressed the phosphorylation level of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor of MITF, and increased the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a kinase mediates MITF phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation. The peptide significantly inhibited the expression of Rab27A, Melanophilin, and MyosinVa, the components of motor complex involved in intracellular movement of melanosome. These results suggest that Hexapeptide could be used as an effective whitening agent that has inhibitory effect on melanin production and melanosome transport by regulating expression and degradation of MITF in melanocytes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Objectives : The various grape extracts derived from grape pulp, seed and skin, containing various types of polyphenols and flavonoids, have been known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and improve cardiovascular condition as well as sun's damaging effects. However, there have been rare reports of various beneficial effects of grape fruit stem extract (GFSE), one of the waste products of grapes. We investigated anti-inflammatory and melanogenesis inhibitory effects of GFSE. Methods : One-hundred gram of grape fruit stem was extracted with 80% ethanol at room temperature for 3 days. After filtration, the ethanol was removed using vacuum evaporator, then lyophilized to obtain the dry extract which was stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ until used. NO levels were measured by using Greiss reagent. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production was measured by ELISA assay. The expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, TRP-1 and TRP-2 were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results : GFSE reduced the level of nitric oxide and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production in a dose-dependent manner, compared to control. Expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein were also effectively inhibited by the GFSE. In a tyrosinase inhibitory activity, GFSE significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in a dose dependent manner, compared to control. GFSE also decreased the expression of tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), known as a melanocyte-specific gene product involved in melanin synthesis. Conclusions : Therefore, these results indicated that GFSE had powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.133-143
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• 1999

To identify inhibitory effect of Bamboo extract on melanogenesis, the effect was compared with arbutin, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, and kojic acid on the melanin biosynthesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells and cultured human melanocytes. The cell viability of the agent was tested on cultured human melanocytes. We also examined its. free radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH). Bamboo extract showed considerable effect against melanin production and did not reduce cell viability at the concentration tested. It also showed potent free radical scavenging activity.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.133-143
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• 1999

To identify inhibitory effect of Bamboo extract on melanogenesis, the effect was compared with arbutin. ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, and kojic acid on the melanin biosynthesis in Bl6 mouse melailoma cells and cultured hunlan melanocytes. The cell viability of the agent was tested on cultured human melanocytes. We also examined. its free radical scavenging activity on 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Bamboo extract showed considerable effect against melanin production and did not reduce cell viability at the concentration tested. It also showed potent free radical scavenging activity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to elucidate the inhibitory effect of Mibaeksan (MB) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cell. Methods: To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of MB on melanin synthesis, we measured the amount of released and produced melanin in B16F10 melanoma cell. Also, we evaluated tyrosinase-activity in vitro as well as in B16F10 melanoma cell. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MMP-2, PKA, $PKC{\beta}$, ERK-1 ERK-2, AKT-1 and MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. Results: 1. MB decreased the release and production of melanin in B16F10 melanoma cells. 2. MB decreased tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10 melanoma cells. 3. MB decreased the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, PKA, $PKC{\beta}$ and MMP-2 in B16F10 melanoma cells. 4. MB increased the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2 and AKT-1 in B16F10 melanoma cells. 5. MB decreased the expression of MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that MB has the antimelanogenetic effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2012

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the skin depigmentation effect of the extracts of three herbs, Carthamus tinctorius seed, Cyperus rotundus and Schizonepeta tenuifolia. Their effects on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis inhibitory action were assessed. We found that the C. tinctorius seed ethanol extracts reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin formation of B16F10 melanoma cells. The C. tinctorius seed suppressed the expression in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2) in B16F10 melanoma cells. These results show that C. tinctorius seed inhibited melanogenesis on the B16F10 melanoma cell. The underlying mechanism of C. tinctorius seed whitening activity may be the inhibition of tyrisinase, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expression. The results suggested that C. tinctorius seed has considerable potential as a natural functional ingredient with a depigmentation effect.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2018

In the present study, we first evaluated the melanin inhibitory effect of four crude 70% ethanol extracts separated from soft corals abundantly growing along the seawaters of Jeju Island, South Korea, including Dendronephthya castanea (DC), Dendronephthya gigantea (DG), Dendronephthya puetteri (DP), and Dendronephthya spinulosa (DS). Among the four ethanol extracts, the ethanol extract of DP (DPE) did not possess any cytotoxic effect on B16F10 cells. However, all other three extracts showed a cytotoxic effect. Also, DPE reduced the melanin content and the cellular tyrosinase activity without cytotoxicity, compared to the ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Specifically, DPE downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by activating the ERK signaling cascade in ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Interestingly, the melanin inhibitory effect of DPE was abolished by the co-treatment of PD98059, an ERK inhibitor. According to these results, we suggest that DPE has whitening capacity with the melanin inhibitory effects by activating ERK signaling and could be used as a potential natural melanin inhibitor for cosmeceutical products.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Objective : Herbal medicinal mixture (JMB) are consisted of Caryophylli Flos, Aucklandiae Radix, and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Each of these herbal medicines has studied on anti-aging effect in vitro. So this study was conducted to investigate efficacy and potency of JMB extract on dermal anti-aging and whitening. Methods : The JMB was extracted at room temperature by 80% ethanol. Collagenase and elastase inhibition activity in JMB ethanol extract were determined at 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 mg/ml concentrations by colorimetric method. The toxic range of JMB ethanol extract was evaluated using MTT assay. Also, The inhibitory effect of JMB ethanol extract on tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10 cell) was identified at 50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖ levels by spectrometric assay. In each analysis, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and Kojic acid were used as positive controls, respectively. Results : The elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity of JMB ethanol extract increased dose dependently. Also, The MTT assay showed that JMB, up to 400 ㎍/㎖ concentration, exhibited no toxic effect to the B16F10 cell. And following the JMB ethanol extract treat, cellular melanin contents and tyrosinase activity were dose-dependently decreased compared to those of control. Conclusion : These results suggest that JMB ethanol extract has effects to inhibitory activity on dermal wrinkle enzyme and melanogenesis. Therefore, JMB has applicable benefits for development of materials or products to have whitening and anti-aging functions on skin.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2009

In the previous study, we reported the antioxidative activity and inhibition of melanogenesis of Ligularia stenocephala extracts. In this study, inhibitory effect on elastase and production type I procollagen were investigated. The compounds which was investigated were 4-hydroxyacetophenone, vanillin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid isolated from Ligularia stenocephala. They were slightly mild on elastase inhibition activity but 4-hydroxyacetophenone, vanillin exhibited good inhibition activity on collagen production. These results suggest that Ligularia stenocephala may have potential as an anti-aging ingredient in cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

In order to investigate the potential of a Dayflower (Commelina communis L.) extract as an active in gredient for whitening cosmetics, we prepared aqueous Commelina communis L. extract We measured its mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity, cellular tyrosinase activity, and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells. It did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay using mouse B16-F10 melanoma cell, it suppressed melanin production up to 32% at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}/mL$ without cytotoxicity, and also reduced cellular tyrosinase activity to above 50 % above the concentration of $250{\mu}g/mL$. In study on the melanogenic protein expressions, it had especially influence on expression of tyrosinase protein, which is a well-known key protein on melanogenesis, and tyrosinase expression was gradually decreased in a dose-dependent. Dayflower also blocked N-glycosylation of TRP-2, but affected on the expression of TRP-1 rather than on blocking of N-glycosylation processing. Therefore, this result suggests that aqueous Commelina communis L. extract could be used as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics.