• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.514-521
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• 2018

Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura are taxonomically close Drosophila species belonging to the family Drosophilidae and melanogaster group. D. melanogaster is thought to be evolutionarily adapted to overripe, decaying, and fermented fruits, in which large amounts of chemicals such as ethanol, acetic acid, and 2-phenylethanol are produced, whereas, D. suzukii is attracted to fresh ripening fruit. Considering the distinct habitats of the two flies, D. suzukii is hypothesized to exhibit higher susceptibility to these chemicals than D. melanogaster. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the survival rate of the flies at various concentrations of three chemicals (2-phenlyethanol, acetic acid, and ethanol) and calculated the lethal concentration (LC) values to compare the tolerance and susceptibility of D. melanogaster and D. suzukii to the chemicals. Our results revealed that D. melanogaster exhibited higher tolerance than D. suzukii to all chemicals, supporting the hypothesis of different evolutionary adaptations to distinct habitats of the two flies.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 1995

Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. sechellia are closely related species which belong to the D. melanogaster complex; the first two cosmopolita and the last one restricted to th Seychelles archipelago. The phenogenetical relationship between this complex and their hybrids were investigated by the comparison of sex-comb tooth number an genital arch of male. In interspecific hybrids of all crosses between three species four hybrid males were produced and completely sterile. Males of D. simulans (${O}_{9}$) have significantly less sex-comb teeth (mean 8.35) than either D. melanogaster (OR, mean 10.73) and D. sechellia (Ja, mean 10.60). From the analysis by the number of sex-comb tooth in interspecific hybrids we could not represent the direction of heredity nature. each species of D. melanogaster complex were characteristic in the shape of the genital arch, which readily allows these species to be distinguished. The common structure of the genital arch in the interspecific hybrids were mosaic-like structure between parental species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 1993

The morphological relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, and their hybrids were investigated using comparisons of internal reproductive organs. male sex comb tooth number and male genital discs. InterspecIfic hybrids of all crosses were completely sterile, and had rudImentary gonads. Dysgenic ovaries and testes were morphologically similar to those of gonadal dysgenesis stenlity associated with the PM system in D. melal1ogaster. The mean number of sex comb tooth in D. melrmogaster, D. simulans and their male hybrids were 10.73, 8.35 and 9.97, respectively. The general aspects of the genital disc of the malo hybrid were a mosaic-like structure between D. melanogaster and D. simulans.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 1992

Physiological toxic and mutagenic effects of gramoxone in Drosophila melanogaster were invetigated. Gramoxone was highly toxic on the development, resulting in of lowering the viability and in prolongation of the developmental times. Adults treated with gramoxone during the developmental stages caused a lowering of the productivity and a little chinge in protein quantity. But the effect on the sex-linked lethal mutagenesis was found to be negative. The order of mortality causing ado리t stoa형e feeding to gramoxone in the D. melanogaster complex was like this ; D. mauritiana, D. sechellia, D. simulans and D. melanogasteu Two species of the D. yakuba complex were alike. Those results were more or less correlation with speciation of the D. melanogaster subgroup.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 1977

CdR aminohydrolase activity in varying developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster was studied in an attempt to correlate with ageing. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The catabolic pathway of CdR in Drosophila melanogaster seemed to be $CdR \\to UdR \\to U$. 2. The enzyme activity was demonstrated in the adults and no activity was observable in both larva and pupa. 3. The enzyme activity of the adult was found to be higher in older flies than in younger ones. 4. The results were of suggestive of a possibility that enzyme activity might be correlated with ageing and/or developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1999

Four species belonging to the Drosophila melanogaster complex were examined genetically and morphologically to analyze interspecific relationships. Insemination rates ranged from 96% to 99% within species crosses, but interspecific crosses among the four species exhibited a great variations in the frequency of successful matings. D. melanogaster females mated relatively well with males of other species and D. sechellia males were more successful in mating with females of other species. In the crosses among D. simulans, D. mauritiana and D. sechellia, hybrid flies were fertile in females, but sterile in males regardless of reciprocal matings. The phenogenetically relationship between this complex and their hybrids were investigated by the comparison of sex comb tooth number and genital arch of male. They were controlled by polygenic factors on the chromosome of both parents. The effects of temperature on viability of hybrids between D. melanogaster females and D. simulans males were investigated for detection of genes concerning the speciation. The temperature sensitivity of the hybrid was mainly controlled by genes located on the X chromosome of D. simulans males.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2016

Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling (IIS) pathway regulates aging in many organisms, ranging from simple invertebrates to mammals, including humans. Many seminal discoveries regarding the roles of IIS in aging and longevity have been made by using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which various IIS components regulate aging in C. elegans and D. melanogaster. We also cover systemic and tissue-specific effects of the IIS components on the regulation of lifespan. We further discuss IIS-mediated physiological processes other than aging and their effects on human disease models focusing on C. elegans studies. As both C. elegans and D. melanogaster have been essential for key findings regarding the effects of IIS on organismal aging in general, these invertebrate models will continue to serve as workhorses to help our understanding of mammalian aging.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 1988

Restriction endonucleases were used to search for intraspecific variation at 32 cleavage sites in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) purified from fourteen strains of Drosophila melanogaster helonging to different localities of the world. mtDNA of D. melanogaster was displayed site variation(Hpall, Haelll and Seal endonucleases) and length variation(maxirnum 550bp). Six genotypes, Ml, M2, M3, M4, M6 and M7, could be distinguished based on ihe site types witti a low average of intraspecific substitution rate (1.88%),but M5 type of Ogasawara strain in Japan was not detected in this study. A possible explanation for the low divergence was that mtDNA variation of fourteen strains in D. melanogaster could not he accumulated sufficiently owing to recent divergence of few individuals, and that sequence divergence was prevented by frequent migration in spite of the geographical isolation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 1994

Sex combs which lack in females are characteristic of some members of the subgenus Sophophora When present, they can be van/ from a single blistle to very extensive structures, but the meianogaster subgroup of the subgenus Sophophora have only on the f~rst tarsal segments of the fore legs. D mauritiona among the melanogaster compler of the melar~ogaster subgroup have significantly more sex comb teeth (mean 12.75) than other specie& and the yakubo complex (range of the mean 6.84-758) have less than the melanogaster complex (range of the mean 835-12.75). In sex comb tooth number of interspecd~ch ybrids among the melonogoster complex, there appeared difference u;ith parental species Thus, analysis of male sex comb tooth in FI hybrid could not exhibit the direction of hereditan/ nature. On the other hand, D auraria (the montium subgroup), D suzuki (the suzuki subgroup) and D, lutecens (the takohashii subgroup) of the melanogaster species have two sex combs on the first and second tarsal segments, and the mean number were different according to the species.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2018

Background: Red ginseng is a popularly used traditional medicine with antiaging effects in Asian countries. The present study aimed to explore the changes in protein expression underlying the mechanisms of life span extension and antiaging caused by red ginseng extract (RGE) in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: A proteomic approach of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to identify the differential abundance of possible target proteins of RGE in D. melanogaster. The reliability of the 2-DE results was confirmed via Western blotting to measure the expression levels of selected proteins. Proteins altered at the expression level after RGE treatment (1 mg/mL) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry and by searching against the National Center for Biotechnology nonredundant and Uniprot protein databases. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Results: The average survival life span of D. melanogaster was significantly extended by 12.60% with RGE treatment (1 mg/mL) compared to untreated flies. This followed increased superoxide dismutase level and decreased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde content. Based on the searching strategy, 23 differentially expressed proteins were identified (16 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated) in the RGE-treated D. melanogaster. Transduction pathways were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, and included the hippo and oxidative phosphorylation pathways that play important roles in life span extension and antiaging process of D. melanogaster. Conclusion: Treatment with RGE in D. melanogaster demonstrated that mechanisms of life span extension and antiaging are regulated by multiple factors and complicated signal pathways.