• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.448-451
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• 2015

In a previous study, we isolated octaphlorethol A (OPA) from Ishige foliacea and evaluated its anti-melanogenesis activity in a murine melanoma cell line. However, the whitening effect and toxicity of OPA have not yet been examined in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of OPA on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in an in vivo zebrafish model. More than 90% of subject embryos survived upon exposure to OPA concentrations below $25{\mu}M$, which was not significantly different from the finding in the control group. OPA markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Cinnamomum camphora on melanogenesis. The MeOH extract of Cinnamomum camphora inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it significantly suppressed the melanin production in melan-a cells at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The MeOH extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among them, the BuOH soluble fraction exhibited significant inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase. In addition, the BuOH soluble fraction reduced the melanin production in melan-a cells. But, the BuOH soluble fraction had less inhibition effects on melan-a cell originated tyrosinase. So, it was performed western blotting for melanogenic proteins (tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP-2)) using melan-a cells. The BuOH soluble fraction inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The results suggested that the BuOH soluble fraction of C. camphora might be a potent inhibitor of melanin biosynthesis in melan-a cells.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.541-543
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• 2005

Recently many efforts have been made to develop new therapeutic agents against skin pigmentation abnormalities. The aim of this study is to investigate the skin-whitening effect of Gleditsia Sinensis Lam and to develop new drug delivery carrier. Inhibitory effaces of Gleditsia Sinensis Lam extracts on melanin synthesis were studied. Namely, UV-absorbing ability, free radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory of Gleditsia Sinensis Lam extracts were investigated As a result, the extracts of Gleditsia Sinensis Lam were found to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase. Moreover they absorbed wavelength in the UV-B and UV-C region, and extracts of Gleditsia Sinensis Lam had free radical scavenging activity. In this study, in order to administer these ingredient effectively, the shape of liposome observed by TEM was spherical and uniform.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

Objectives : We examined three parts of Nelumbo nucifera that might be useful for skin-whitening effect. Each parts of leaves, flowers and stamen were extracted with water or 70% ethanol. Methods : This study investigated inhibitory effects of each extracts on tyrosinase activity. Extracts were tested for cytotoxicity on clone M-3 melanocyte cells, melanin inhibitory activities were further assessed. Results : The water extract of Nelumbo nucifera stamen. ethanol and water extracts of flowers exhibited inhibitory effects on tyrosinase (IC50 values 726.16, 1063, and 1732.36 ug/mL, respectively). The water extract of Nelumbo nucifera stamen, ethanol extract of flowers, both ethanol and water extracts of leaves showed relatively lower cytotoxicity, with cell viability above 80% with a concentration of 20 ${\mu}g/mL$. In addition, The water extract of Nelumbo nucifera stamen inhibited the melanin production in clone M-3 melanocyte cells. Conclusions : Among each parts of Nelumbo nucifera. the water extract of stamen was the strongest candidates for skin-whitening cosmetic application.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

We investigated several biological activities using the ethanol extract and its fractions from Dictyota coriacea to evaluate the usefulness of its extract as a functional biomaterial. The ethanol extract and n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed dependently inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells. The ethanol extract and its fractions showed inhibitory effect on Tyrosinase and TRP-1 gene transcription but didn't showed inhibitory effect on TRP-2 gene transcription. Also, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions dose-dependently inhibited the NO production in a RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that extract of Dictyota coriacea could be used as functional biomaterial in developing a skin whitening agent having the anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1061-1067
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• 2018

The anti-melanogenic effects of the extract of Angelica tenuissima (AT) root and the extract of AT root fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FAT) were investigated. These effects were determined by measuring the inhibitory activity of AT and FAT on melanin production in B16F10 melanocytes and with in vitro tyrosinase activity assays. The AT extract inhibited melanin production at concentrations above $250{\mu}g/ml$, and this inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced by the fermentation process with A. oryzae. HPLC analysis resulted in the isolation of two active compounds from both the AT and FAT extracts. Their chemical structures were identified as decursin and Z-ligustilide through comparison with previously reported NMR data. The decursin and Z-ligustilide contents were increased in the FAT extract and could be responsible for its enhanced inhibitory effects on melanin production and tyrosinase activity compared with that of the AT extract.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.602-607
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• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng is a traditional herb used for medicinal purposes in eastern Asia. P. ginseng contains various ginsenosides with pharmacological effects. In this study, floralginsenoside A (FGA), ginsenoside Rd (GRD), and ginsenoside Re (GRE) were purified from P. ginseng berry. Methods: Chemical structures of FGA, GRD, and GRE were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, ID-nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. Inhibitory activities of these compounds on melanogenesis were studied by measuring the expression of protein and melanin content in the melan-a cell line. This inhibitory activity was confirmed by observing pigmentation and tyrosinase activities of zebrafish. Results: GRD, GRE, and FGA were not cytotoxic at concentrations less than $20{\mu}M$, $80{\mu}M$, and $160{\mu}M$ in melan-a cells, respectively. GRD, GRE, and FGA inhibited melanin biosynthesis in melan-a cells by 15.2%, 22.9%, and 23.9% at $20{\mu}M$, $80{\mu}M$, and $160{\mu}M$, respectively. FGA was observed to display the most potent inhibitory effect. In addition, FGA decreased microphthalmia-associated transcription factor protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, FGA induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation level in melan-a cells. In addition, melanin pigment content and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish treated with FGA at $160{\mu}M$ were reduced. Conclusion: FGA showed the most potent inhibition of melanogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This study suggests that FGA purified from P. ginseng may be an effective melanogenesis inhibitor.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1142-1147
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the effects of the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor on melanogenesis in a mouse melanocyte cell line, B16/F10 cells. Our results show that the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor significantly inhibits melanin synthesis in concentration-dependent manner. In addition, it was also found to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. While the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor have no direct inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity in cell free assay system using mushroom tyrosinase. Moreover, the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor effectively suppressed the ${\alpha}-MSH-stimulated$ melanin formation, tyrosinase activity and dendrite outgrowth. These results suggest that the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor is a potent depigmetation agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2019

In this study, the inhibitory effects of crude polysaccharide fractions separated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (PCP) on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were observed. B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with 125 and $250{\mu}g/mL$ of PCP for 24 hours. Using these optimal concentrations, inhibition of melanin synthesis inhibition was measured, and PCP treatment significantly reduced melanin synthesis induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). In addition, western blotting analysis on B16F10 melanoma cells showed that PCP inhibited tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcriptipn factor, tyrosinase related protein-1, and tyrosinase related protein-2 expression. Therefore, these results indicate that PCP may have potential inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis and may be a natural ingredient useful for the development of whitening materials in cosmetics and functional foods.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.990-998
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• 2021

Melanin is a natural skin pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes via a multistage biochemical pathway known as melanogenesis, involving the oxidation and polymerization of tyrosine. Melanogenesis is initiated upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, causing the skin to darken, which protects skin cells from UVB radiation damage. However, the abnormal accumulation of melanin may lead to the development of certain skin diseases, including skin cancer. In this study, the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of twenty strains were evaluated. Based on the results of 60% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, 21% 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging capacity, and a 50% ascorbic acid equivalent ferric reducing antioxidant power value, Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532 was selected as the strain with the highest antioxidant potential. No cytotoxicity was observed in cells treated with the CFS of L. fermentum JNU532. Tyrosinase activity was reduced by 16.7% in CFS-treated B16F10 cells (but not in the cell-free system), with >23.2% reduction in melanin content upon treatment with the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS. The inhibitory effect of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS on B16F10 cell melanogenesis pathways was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The inhibitory effects of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS were mediated by inhibiting the transcription of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF and the protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF. Therefore, L. fermentum JNU532 may be considered a potentially useful, natural depigmentation agent.