• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.437-442
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• 2004

In this paper, design specifications for a new generation container crane in year 2013 is investigated. After analyzing the trend of the development of container cranes from the 1950s to date, a prospective size for targeting year 2013 is proposed. Introductory specifications of the frame, trolley, hoist and spreader for the proposed new crane are discussed. Considering that the mega-ships will load and unload more than 15000 boxes at one stop, rough dimensions of the crane including outreach, rail gage, lift, backreach, etc. are also suggested. Although the sheer size of the cranes already present some challenges, the biggest challenge is to improve productivity by maximizing the moves per hour. For this, the speeds of trolleys and hoists, rail loads, stability, etc. are discussed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2007

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a ubiquitous enzyme that plays a significant role in the clinical diagnosis of pathologic processes. Discovery of the LDH (BmLDH) gene in B. mori may shed light on its role in the biology of Lepidoptera species, and afford further understanding of the function of the enzyme. In this study, we used the bioinformatics tools to identify LDH gene in B. mori. Sequence analysis showed that BmLDH cDNA contains a 996 bp open reading frame, encoding 331 AA proteins, with seven introns. Compared with hHLDH (human heart LDH), BmLDH contained the same key active sites. Domain search and protein fold recognition analyses provide compelling evidences that the deduced protein is a LDH. Using the computer program MEGA3, we conducted a search for homologs of BmLDH among many eukaryotic species and confirmed that the BmLDH was conserved in all organisms investigated. This gene has been registered in GenBank under the accession number EU000385.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2014

Based on a 405m high super-tall building, the influence of outriggers, different shapes and layouts of structural plane and elevation on structural efficiency under lateral forces is studied in this paper. A calculation formula concerning the structural efficiency is given. The study shows that structural efficiency can be improved by triangulating the plane shape, using mega columns, the peripherization of the plane layout, tapering the elevation shape and setting bracing structure in the elevation. The arrangement of outriggers between the core tube and flange frame can reduce the shear lag effect in order to improve structural efficiency. The essence of improving structural efficiency of super-tall buildings is to maximize the plane bending stiffness and to make its deformation approach to plane section assumption.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2012

Shanghai Tower is a super high-rise building of 632 m height with 'mega frame-core- outrigger truss' structure system. Due to the complexity and irregularity of structure, shaking table test was carried out to investigate its seismic performance. A 1/40 scaled test model was designed, built and tested on shaking table under earthquake of small, moderate and large levels. The experimental results showed that the structure can meet the requirements of Chinese codes and reach scheduled performance objectives. Elastic and plastic time-history analysis on the structure were carried out and the results were compared to experimental results. Based on the research results some suggestions were proposed to contribute favorable effect on the seismic capacity of the structure.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.433-443
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• 2005

This paper show that, without installation of expensive VR (Virtual Reality) program, the sharing information is possible through posting three-dimensional road structures on the web, and avoiding the conventional top-down decision making method, fast bottom-up communication is possible base on the Virtual GIS (Geographic Information System). In this paper, using Viewpoint Scene Builder, internet-based software, the transformation was conducted to give pertinent type for web posting. In order to use the completed route at the scene builder, the output with ASCII Export is required, and ASE (ASCII Scene Export) contains the property information including the coordinate and frame of mesh vertex. Through in advance recognition of the problems regarding route design and petition due to environmental rights infringement, the time and cost due to design alteration can be reduced. It's difficult to provide VR based on the internet because file that embodied with internet GIS was complicated and its capacity comes to scores of mega-bites. But, this study provides VR with internet according to a basis by simplification of files.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

The main structure of Gunsan steam power station was demolished by the toppling method using high explosives. Height of a main building is 58m and a total floor area is $292,000m^2$. It is Rahmen(rigid-frame) structure consisted of almost columns and beams and slabs exist only in one part of the building for the electricity generators equipments. To improve the efficiency of blasting work, it is separated into 4 sectors. Blasting floors were 1, 2, 3, & 4 stories from first sector to third sector, while 1, 2, 5, & 7 of fourth sector were blasted because it had not slabs. About 102.675 kg of the MegaMITE were used with 225 electric detonator and 638 non-electric detonators to check detonator connection and confidence of detonation. The blasting noise and vibration were monitored to evaluate the environment effect and the damage of the nearby structures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2012

A general earthquake resistant design philosophy of ductile frame buildings allows beams to form plastic hinges adjacent to beam-column connections. In order to carry out this design philosophy, the ultimate bond or shear strength of the beam should be greater than the flexural yielding force and should not degrade before reaching its required ductility. The behavior of RC members dominated by bond or shear action reveals a dramatic reduction of energy dissipation in the hysteretic response due to the severe pinching effects. In this study, a method was proposed to predict the deformability of reinforced concrete members with short-span-to-depth-ratios, which would result in bond failure after flexural yielding. Repeated or cyclic loading produces a progressive deterioration of bond that may lead to failure at lower cyclic bond stress levels. Accumulation of bond damage is caused by the propagation of micro-cracks and progressive crushing of concrete in front of the lugs. The proposed method takes into account bond deterioration due to the degradation of concrete in the post yield range. In order to verify bond deformability of the proposed method, the predicted results were compared with the experimental results of RC members reported in the technical literature. Comparisons between the observed and calculated bond deformability of the tested RC members showed reasonably good agreement.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2005

Purpose : To supply the information of EPID system and to analyze the possibility of substitution EPID for film dosimetry. Materials & Methods : With amorphous silicon(aSi) type EPID and liquid filled lonization chamber(LC) type EPID, the reproducibility according to focus detector distance(FDD) change and gantry rotation was analyzed, and also the possible range of image acquisition was analyzed with Alderson Rando phantom. The resolution and the contrast of aSi type EPID image were analyzed through Las Vegas phantom and water phantom. DMLC image was analyzed with X-Omat V film and EPID to see wether it could be applied to the qualify assurance(QA) of IMRT. Results : The reproducibility of FDD position was within 1mm, but the reproducibility of gantry rotation was ${\pm}2,\;{\pm}3mm$ respectively. The resolution and the contrast of EPID image were affected by dose rate, image acquisition time, image acquisition method and frame number. According to the possible range of image acquisition of EPID, it is verified that the EPID is easier to use than film. There is no difference between X-Omat V film and EPID images for the QA of IMRT. Conclusion : Through various evaluation, we could obtain lots of useful information about the EPID. Because the EPID has digital data, also we found that the EPID is more useful than film dosimerty for the periodical Qualify Assurance of IMRT. Especially when it is difficult to do point dose measurement with diode or ionization chamber, the EPID could be very useful substitute. And we found that the diode and ionization chamber are difficult to evaluate the sliding window images of IMRT, but the EPID was more useful to do it.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.12
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• pp.65-96
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• 2007

Today, the modern art is extremely diverse. It is denying its own boundary through chaos, extreme, abjection. In fact the diversity of the modern art can be best described as questioning and challenging to the essence of the reality, rather than the artistic pursuit of the beauties. The pursuit of the reality has been a long lasting discourse since the ancient. Through the history, the reality (referent) and representation (image) has been complementing and disposing each other in a relationship of a meaningful construction until the modern times. The limit of modernistic self-reference and the emergence of the figure leads to the emergence of Post-modernism in a trend of experimenting new visual arts. The return to the figure is clearly distinguished from existing representation's system and it brought new meanings to approaches and interpretations of the reality. In the case of Pop arts of 1960's and the following the modern sculptures, which is covered by this thesis, I put an emphasis on the diversification of those via changed strategies on the reality. In a situation where the reality is dictated by signified, the modern arts can no longer stay on a classic concept of representation, rather it pursuits new system and diverse strategies. I provide three types of strategic characters of the reality and the diversification of reality: the transition of the reality. These three types can be used as a frame work, which is supporting new aspects of the modern arts in reflecting on existing system. Therefore, the reason of categorizing is to distinguish modernistic arts and post modernistic arts, and to propose new post-modernistic discourses. Adapting J.F, Lyotard's view, absence is used to trace down the diversification of the reality thorough the sublime on the deconstruction of the mega discourses and the relationship of representation. Based on H. Faster's theory of the appropriation, the appropriation is used to exemplify the strategies of visual arts are in variations and being delayed. Lastly, in the transition, J. Baudrilliard's simulacre is used in terms of the concept of post modernistic representation. Based on the core of his theories, the deconstruction of existing concepts and simulation as the post modernistic representation, and the world of hyperreality based on simulacre are explained. These allows us to deny that representation is the expression of reality through mimesis. My aim is to work on the definition of the arts and representation in the modern era, and go further from there in order to clarify meaning and extension of the modern sculptures. Now two artists are reviewed based on their own art works: George Seagal; Jeff Koons. They are selected among numerous artists from the Post Modern era. Epic contents and emphasis on daily life of Seagal's works show good examples to artists from Pop Arts and following time period and may have served as a start point for Postmodernism. Indeed, he tried to show a newly defined relationship between art works and daily life experience. On the other hand, J.Koons used the strategies of fabrication and appropriation, which shows characteristics of the postmodernism. Through his four individual exhibitions, he shows the diversification of the reality based on art works as fetishistic merchandises, and newly defined concept of Ready-made since M Duchamp. Lastly, the diversification of the reality is analyzed again in context of my art works. I focused on the return to the figure among a variety of trends of late 20 th century modern sculpture. It showed the post modernistic point of view on the reality. Post modernistic diversified strategies are adopted as a method of distinguishing each art works via the diversification of the reality. This is the result of contemporary social and cultural situations.