• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.561-569
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to depression of elderly patients in geriatric hospitals. Methods: The subjects were 195 elderly patients who met the inclusion criteria of scores more than 18 on the K-MMSE score and no reported mental disease. The data were collected from February 20 to March 20, 2009. The research instruments utilized in this study were depression (GDSSF-K), activities of daily living and self esteem (RSES), social support, life satisfaction. Data were analyzed Pearson correlation and Multiple Stepwise Regression using SPSS 15.0. Results: Depression score were negatively correlation with ADL, social support, life satisfaction and self-esteem. Among the factors studied related to depression, life satisfaction had highest explanatory power of 36.5% and it was followed by physical health status and activity of daily living. These explained 43.7% of the depression. Conclusion: The mean GDSSF-K 8.94, which indicates the higher than middle levels of depression. The findings suggest that it is important to develop educational programs to increase life satisfaction, physical health status and activity of daily living. Nursing interventions, including volunteer activities, health promotion program, and sports program could be useful in enhancing these factors.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.44
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• pp.318-345
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate a preventive mental health program for the depression among the elderly in community. Based on the review of literature, intervention program for preventing depression among the elderly was developed. In particular, the program focuses on enhancing the sense of control which is from social cognitive theory. The preventive mental health program consists of two parts: Tan-Hak and Social intervention program. Tan-Hak was oriented to cognitive change and activities, while social intervention program dealt with some social skills for relationship, stress management, motivation of social activities (volunteer activities), positive future designing, etc. For the evaluation of this program, we employed depression scale and medical measurement such as hormone test before and after the program, and in-depth interview of subjects. Overall, this program was successful in some points. First, through the pre and post test, this program has positive effect on strengthening the sense of control, and consequently, lowering depression level. Secondly, 18 people started this program called "smile class" at first time, and none of them turned out until the end of the program. This implies that the program was interesting to the elderly.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.258-272
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• 2023

This study investigated the current status and educational needs of global health education (GHE) at medical schools in Korea. Among the 40 medical schools nationwide, 32 schools that agreed to participate in the study collected data through a survey in 2022, and the results were examined by frequency analysis and content analysis. In total, 87.5% of medical schools included global health-related graduation outcomes. In the curriculum, global health lessons within courses were present at 71.9% of medical schools. Regarding extracurricular activities, 66.7% and 63.0% of medical schools offered overseas clerkships and overseas volunteer work, respectively. Although there were not many medical schools with a global health-related educational environment, 96.9% of schools agreed with the necessity of GHE in medical education. The prevailing opinion was that it was appropriate to continuously cover GHE as lessons within courses throughout all years of the program in medical education. The main opinions regarding the improvement of GHE related to curriculum development, personnel expansion, and awareness improvement at medical schools. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for identifying the current status of GHE at Korean medical schools and specifying future directions of GHE.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.444-454
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to identify the factors related to depression and quality of life in patients with hypertension by using multilevel regression analysis. Methods: In 2019, 229 043 participants in the Korean Community Health Survey were selected as the study group. Individual factors were identified using data from the 2019 Community Health Survey. Regional factors were identified using data from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Multilevel regression analysis was conducted to find individual and local factors affecting depression and quality of life in patients with hypertension and to determine any associated interactions. Results: As individual factors in patients with hypertension, women, those with lower education-levels, recipients of basic livelihood benefits, and those with poor dietary conditions showed stronger associations with depression and quality of life. As regional factors and individual-level variables in patients with hypertension, lower gross regional personal income, fewer doctors at medical institutions, and lower rates of participation in volunteer activities presented stronger associations with depression and quality of life. In addition, the associations of depression with gross regional personal income, the number of doctors at medical institutions, and dietary conditions were significantly stronger in patients with hypertension than in patients without hypertension. The associations of gender and employment status with quality of life were also significantly greater. Conclusions: Policy interventions are needed to adjust health behaviors, prevent depression, and improve quality of life for patients with hypertension, especially for those with the risk factors identified in this study.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2001

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to identify cerebral cortices related with sexual arousal fro visual sexual stimulation in healthy males using BOLD-based functional MR imaging Method： Sixteen male volunteers with sexually potent(mean age：24) were examined for thi study. Functional MRI was performed on a 1.5T MR scanner(GE Signa Horizon) with birdcage-type head coil. In this study, blood oxygenation level dependent(BOLD) technique was utilized to create fMR image reflecting local brain activities. The BOLD-based fMRI d were obtained from 7 oblique planes using gradient-echo EPI with $90^{\circ}$flip angle, 50ms TE 6000ms TR, $26cm{\times}26$ cm FOV, $128{\times}128$ matrix, and 10mm slice thickness. The sexual stimulation paradigm consisted of two alternating periods of rest and activati and it began with a 1 minute rest, followed by a 2 minute stimulation by a documentary a erotic video film. Brain activation maps were generated by cross-correlation of imag acquired during rest and activation periods. The index of activation was used to compare t number of pixels activated by each task in each volunteer, where the significance of th differences was evaluated by using Students t-test.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.417-431
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• 2007

This study investigates the differences among residental areas in the health, standard of living, and social relationships of female elderly living alone. The total of 501 subjects(185 from rural areas, 159 from fishing communities, 77 from the islands, and 80 from urban areas) were questioned from May to July, 2006. The research area was confined to Chungcheong Province. The female elderly living alone of this study were an average of seventy-three years old, had a low cost of living, and received little formal school education. Over sixty percent(60.3) of them lived on less than thirty dollars a month which was the recognized Korean poverty level in 2006. The female elderly living alone were evaluated as being in good health, but they themselves perceived their health as being poor. Observed by residential areas, the subjects in urban areas were lower in ADL, and both the urban dwellers and the islanders appeared to be higher in their satisfaction with medical services as compared to those in rural areas and fishing communities. The fishing villagers showed the lowest standard of living for female elderly living alone. The analysis of social relationships as seen in the different residental areas revealed that the female elderly living alone g in urban areas tended to be receiving social supports rather than providing for others, and subjects living in fishing areas and the islands proved to be relatively higher in the exchange of social supports. In relation to offspring, the female elderly living alone in urban areas had a lower frequency of meeting with their children and also a lesser degree of intimacy with them because they lived at a distance. On the other hand, subjects living in rural areas and fishing communities had a higher frequency of meeting with their children and a greater degree of intimacy with them even if they lived at a distance. The study also showed that the female elderly living alone in the islands had a higher frequency of once meeting per three week with their offspring and a higher degree of intimacy with them because they all live in the same islands. In conclusion, the subject living in urban areas appeared to be isolated from their offspring as compared to the other seniors in the study. The female elderly living alone in urban areas suffered from an insufficient network of relatives and neighbors, and they experienced a poor quality of relationships to their offspring. Almost all of the lone seniors in the study had a low score in social activities; however, the female elderly living alone in urban areas revealed a higher level of participation in volunteer activities, group activities, and educational activities. Nevertheless, the lone seniors living in urban areas were not satisfied with their participation in social activities. The subjects living in rural in fishing communities and the islands showed more participation in money-making activities. This study suggests that the policies for female elderly living alone should reflect the differences of regional characteristics.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.179-184
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• 2021

This study obtained licenses for dental hygienists and dental technicians and analyzed the data by sampling convenience as those currently working in hospitals. It was selected as the final data using 75 dental hygienist questionnaires and 90 dental technician questionnaires. The analysis found that both groups had high ethical values and that they were willing to serve if given volunteer opportunities, indicating a high sense of professional and professional mission. In addition, more than a majority of both groups surveyed said ethical issues would emerge in clinical activities, and that job ethics education was desperately needed. Measures should be sought to foster professional expertise by developing sustainable professional education and programs with established ethical foundations.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 2002

The hospice activities in Korea have still stood in the premature stage, although the contemporary hospice program, which professionally accommodates terminally ill patients, appeared in the history 35 years ago. Especially, the availability of the facility hospice is not only poor in number, but also lack of a guideline for the conduct of the facility. Saemmul Hospice has keenly felt the necessity of more facility hospices and has interchanged experiences and informations with people interested in hospice. However, the number of facilities has fallen short of one's expectations, and many problems have been revealed in order to maintain the operation. This paper was written in order to improve these atmospheres and to help more terminally ill cancer patients properly. This paper clarifies in detail the principle of management, the method of practice in each departments of Saemmul Hospice, expected effects and supplemental items. We try to provide concrete and practical informations and to help extensively for all peoples who are to begin or currently working. 1.Facility: It secures, maintain, and manage the hospice environment for all around care of patients effectively. 2.Education and Volunteer: It trains and manages hospice volunteers devoted to hospice. 3.Financial: It manages donation by healthy soul with an effective method. 4.Administration and Organization: It executes the administration efficiently and constitutes the organization to operate. 5.Medical and Nursing: It offers the maximum professional supports to a hospital. 6.Medicine and alternative medicine: It improves the quality of life of patients by medical and pharmaceutical approach and by other possible methods available. 7.Nutrition: It helps patients to have diets in accord with the order of the creation. 8.Belief: It offers spiritual care which allows the profound relationship with God. 9. Funeral ceremonies: Funeral ceremonies may heal grieves of families faced with their deaths. 10. Bereaved families: It supports the families after the deaths of patients. 11.Reception and consultation: It seeks to help the patients who meet the purposes for which Saemmul Hospice is established. 12.Publication: It allows publicity activities for Saemmul Hospice. Facility hospice programs are able to overcome the disadvantages that the other type of the hospice possess, like as the economic burdens of the families, and the patients' losses of comforts of home after being transferred to a hospital. Facility hospice can provide home atmosphere with professional manpower and facilities like hospital to the patients. Therefore, it can also improve patients' qualities of life and make them comfortable death. We anticipate that the hospice program in Korea would be more active to let more people be indebted to maintain the nobel human dignity and to cross beautifully in the most painful process of dying in the journey of their lives.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.76-87
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• 2000

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) on DOMS, Twenty-seven untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (7 Hz), 2) MENS (60 ${\mu}A$, .3 pps) or 3) a control group that received no treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24 hours and 48 hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of elbow flexion, extension, resting angle (universal goniometer), and pain (visual analogue scale: VAS) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by one-way repeated ANOVA, 2) The t-test for pain, resting, flexion and extension angle revealed significant differences within TENS group, 3) The t-test for resting angle revealed significant differences within MENS group.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.308-322
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• 2004

Purpose: 'The purpose of the present study was to understand students' experiences from their standpoint, to identify relevant variables and to examine into their relations by analyzing and describing what phenomenon 'nursing students' visiting ambulatory bathing service' is, what are the reasons for the phenomenon, and what interactions are in the phenomenon. Method: The subjects were thirteen students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin's analysis method. Result: With regard to ambulatory bathing service, participants responded 'lack of education', 'inexperienced personal relations' and 'disappointment with recipients families'. They recognized 'burden' and 'compassion'. The intensity of generated 'burden' and 'compassion' was determined by volunteering persons, the degree of health care service, recipients' response and interaction of climate. When 'burden' and 'compassion' were generated, participants selected their own coping strategies. Strategies in the situation of 'burden' and 'compassion' were significantly influenced by 'burden' and 'compassion' and structural situation - 'mutual relation structure,' 'volunteers' capability,' 'the degree of volunteering guidance,' 'community participation,' 'recipients' environment,' 'information sharing,' 'special vehicle equipment' and 'economical burden.' Strategies include' service training,' 'receiving volunteering training,' 'preliminary service preparation,' 'volunteering.' 'connection to local medical center,' 'intention,' 'information sharing,' 'passive response to recipients' appreciation' and 'the understanding of publicity'. The results of selected 'burden' and 'compassion' are described with 'worthiness' and 'cohesion' as follows. Conclusion: This study is significantly meaningful in that it examined bathing service welfare in its initial stage. There are not much outcome from previous studies. However. it is meaningful that this study intended to develop theories on the nature of experiences and the relations among concepts derived from the visiting ambulatory bathing service process of nursing students. Professors who taught social volunteering in universities understood the experience of nursing students who did the visiting ambulatory bathing service. Consequently, professors will provide an effective instruction to enable these students to carry out visiting ambulatory bathing services efficiently in order to meet demands when they conduct the services. For the volunteering service activity in major-related fields among college students' social volunteering activities, they recognized the necessity of systematic education and preparation.