• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

This study investigated the relationships between Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), contributing factors, and the occupational stress of physical therapists. Self-reported questionnaires were given to 180 physical therapists in Gangwon Province. Variables examined included the prevalence of pain sites related to WMSDs; pain intensity; pain pattern; and job stress, which is thought to involve the physical environment; job demand; insufficient job control; interpersonal conflict; job insecurity; organizational system; reward system; and occupational culture. Among physical therapists, work-related musculoskeletal pain commonly affected the low back (30.1%), shoulder (29.3%), and wrist (12.2%). The sites of work-related musculoskeletal pain treated medically were the low back (22.8%), shoulder (19.8%), neck (12.7%), and wrist (12.1%). "Repeating the same work constantly" was suggested to be the major cause of the pain. The younger therapists were significantly more likely to feel high job stress due to the physical environment (p<.05), job demand (p<.05), and organizational system (p<.01). Women were more likely to feel greater job stress related to job demand, insufficient job control, the organization system, and job rewards. Men were more likely to feel greater job stress related to job insecurity. Weak positive relationships were observed between work-related musculoskeletal pain and job stress, which is thought to involve the physical environment; job demand; insufficient job control; interpersonal conflict; job insecurity; organizational system; reward system; and occupational culture. Physical therapists appear to be at higher risk of WMSDs because 80.1% of the physical therapists studied experienced work-related musculoskeletal pain. To reduce the risk, we need intervention strategies such as preventive education, ergonomically designed medical equipment, a psychosocial approach to work conditions, improved mechanical conditions related to therapeutic patterns, and an institutional infrastructure with sufficient personnel and scheduling.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.599-609
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• 2020

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly become a global pandemic with over 26.4 million confirmed cases and approximately 871,000 fatalities worldwide as of this writing. In the Republic of Korea, disease clusters frequently occurred in long-term care hospitals where the majority of residents are elderly with underlying medical conditions. Despite the fact that public health authorities and local community health centers have put tremendous efforts into preventing the spread of disease, positive cases have continued to occur. Thus, the Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention rapid response team decided to conduct an environmental investigation of a long-term care hospital to identify whether environmental contamination has remained and contributed to the spread of COVID-19. Methods: An environmental investigation was conducted at Hospital A. The characteristics of the facility and its HVAC system were assessed by checking the layout and interviewing the people in charge. A total of 64 surface samples were collected from areas of concern, including patient rooms, toilets, elevators, and nurses' station. These samples were tested by a regional health and environmental research institute using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: All samples from Hospital A were confirmed to be negative. Through interviews with high-level personnel at the regional community health center, we found that extensive disinfection is frequently performed on potentially contaminated areas in Hospital A in accordance with government guidelines. Conclusion: The environmental control measures implemented in Hospital A had been sufficient for mitigating the risk of further infection, suggesting that such measures may also be effective for other long-term health care facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1408-1417
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• 2007

In Korea, to deal with the housing needs of the elderly, the government operates free nursing homes and residential homes. And to deal with the needs for daily necessities, imported products or products for the disabled have been supplied for the elderly. The government has recognized the importance of silver industry in this rapidly aging society and has established strategies to vitalize industries related to seniors to deal with the seniors' need for food, clothing, and shelter. This study examined the necessity of nursing home gowns, and the development of nursing home gowns that are environmentally friendly, beautiful and functional for the new silver generation. For this study, literature review and Internet search were conducted regarding the status of silver fashion, necessity of nursing home gowns, emergence of new silver generation and change in lifestyle, and value and utilization of natural dye and traditional patterns. To produce nursing home gowns, fabric was dyed using fermented indigo dying, and 3 styles of nursing home gowns for each gender were designed in consideration of seasons. Lastly, these gowns were evaluated by fashion experts, medical personnel, hospital gown and silver wear experts, and natural dye experts. The results showed that the traditional Korean designs developed in this study were excellent and the fermented indigo dye was appropriate for the nursing home gowns. The development of nursing home gowns in this study will be utilized as basic material for the development of silver wear and nursing home gowns to improve the quality of life for the seniors.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1998

The ultimate goal of national health promotion services is the improvement of quality of life and health longevity through the implementation of health promotion services. The approach strategy for national health promotion summariged as follows: 1) A model for health promotion should be developed by the level of government. 2) Roles and functions between central government and autonomous local governments should be defined to carry out the health promotion services effectively. 3) New manpower for health promotion such as health educator should be trained and activated at hospitals, health centers, industries, school, and related community agencies. 4) School health education should be strengthened in order to teach: various health subject(smoking & alcohol, drug abuse, accident and safe, nutrition, environmental pollution and preservation, population & family planning, personnel hygiene, physical growth, stress, sex education, communicable disease, physical exercise etc) students through appointing health teachers at school base. 5) Health promotion services in industries should be activated using manpower such as health educator, exercise instructor, dietist and counsellor, 6) Health promotion services for the elderly should be activated. 7) Health screening services in the medical insurance and his/her family should be activated for health promotion services. 8) Health education material development center for health promotion should be established and the materials should be made to distribute to related groups, agencies and institutions (health conte.5, hospitals, schools, pharmacies, industries etc). 9) The pilot health promotion center in each automous local governments(large cities, provinces, Guns and Gu level) should be established and operated for community people. 10) The mass media such as TV, radio, newspapers and magazines should be used effectively. 11) Periodic evaluation of health promotion services should be carried out in order to help effective and successful planning for community health promotion in the future.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.66-78
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• 1992

This study carried out to investigate consciousness level and situation of treatment by acupuntury (the most important part of oriental medicine) and analyze factors affection to the praetice of exercise. The main purpose of the study was to give basic and necessery data in formulating a policy related to Oriental Medical Treatment. The study was conducted by trained surveyers, for dueller in three cities (Seoul, Busan and Taegu) during 1990. 1. 4 -1990. 1. 23. The result of this study can be summerized as follows. 1. The subject of criticism an investigation for general charactristic be conducted in seoul, Busan and Taegu city area an objective 417 person, 423 person, and 366 person was among those comparatively little more by male was higher rate than female. Those in classification age group evaluation was adopted by age group 10, 20 years old adult 41.3% of most higher rate, next rank was adopted by age group 40 years old (24.9%). 2. An objective of investigation survery was made to personnel were comparative an educated level significantly higher such as college graduated 48.8%, high school graduated 30.1%. And the native comes from urban area, rural, midium and small city rate were shown as 29.6%, 28.4% and 19.9% each other. There by classification of occupational job was shown by students has 27.4% are most higher significantly also there sales and servive field job appearanced 15.1% and expert technical job is 9.0%. Religion is buddist, Christianity, Catholicism all them each other shown 33.6%, 16.7% and 12.4%. An evaluation in economic situation value rate was appearanced by middle class is 61.7% and upper and lower classes are 14.4% and 23.9% with each other and married were 59.2% 3. The people resident in cities area has experience of acupuncture were 70.4% There by classification of an area was shown by Seoul, Busan and Taegu all them other shown 59.7%, 85.2%, 68.1%. According as sex was shown by male 71.7% was more higher than female. According as age was shown by 40 years 85.0% 50 years 77% 20 years old was more higher than 30, 60 years old.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.418-422
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• 2011

Background: It has recently become most general to use the small bore catheter to perform closed thoracostomy in treating iatrogenic pneumothorax. This study was performed for analysis of the efficacy of treatment methods by using small bore catheter such as 7 F (French) central venous catheter, 10 F trocar catheter, 12 F pigtail catheter and for analysis of the appropriateness of each procedure. Materials and Methods: From March 2007 to February 2010, Retrospective review of 105 patients with iatrogenic pneumothorax, who underwent closed thoracostomy by using small bore catheter, was performed. We analyzed the total success rate for all procedures as well as the individual success rate for each procedure, and analyzed the cause of failure, additional treatment method for failure, influential factors of treatment outcome, and complications. Results: The most common causes of iatrogenic pneumothorax were presented as percutaneous needle aspiration(PCNA) in 48 cases (45.7%), and central venous catheterization in 26 cases (24.8%). The mean interval to thoracostomy after the procedure was measured as 5.2 hours (1~34 hours). Total success rate of thoracostomy was 78.1%. The success rate was not significantly difference by tube type, with 7 F central venous catheter as 80%, 10 F trocar catheter as 81.6%, and 12 F pigtail catheter as 71%. Twenty one out of 23 patients that had failed with small bore catheter treatment added large bore conventional thoracostomy, and another 2 patients received surgery. The causes for treatment failure were presented as continuous air leakage in 12 cases (52.2%) and tube malfunction in 7 cases (30%). The causes for failure did not present significant differences by tube type. Statistically significant factors affecting treatment performance were not discovered. Conclusion: Closed thoracostomy with small bore catheter proved to be effective for iatrogenic pneumothorax. The success rate was not difference for each type. However, it is important to select the appropriate catheter by considering the patient status, pneumothorax aspect, and medical personnel in the cardiothoracic surgery department of the relevant hospital.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.159-173
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• 2000

Objectives : First, to restore reliability of oriental prescriptions that are effective against incurable diseases, Second, in the short term, to secure the validity of traditional remedies with the help of accumulated data and in the long term, develop new therapeutic methods and prescriptions in order to broaden its aspect in the field of medicine. Third, to maintain predominance on oriental therapeutic methods and put it into practical use based upon the results obtained by this paper. Methods : In the primary sub-thesis(herbalogical analytic methods applied on unknown oriental prescriptions), models of analytic method and in gathering information that could be put into practice are being revised In the secondary sub-thesis(method in gathering and analysing in dealing with oriental prescription), several statistical approaches and analysis on data that has been gathered are being revised. In the tertiary sub-thesis(research on legal guarantee of the offerer rights), an alternative scheme that covers the limitations of the legislative content in dealing with offerer rights is being revised Results : This research has revealed several problems, including those which were foreseen, in proceeding with the project. The prospect of the involvement of the medical personnel engaging in the field of oriental medicine was remarkably bright. Given the condition that the project will proceed as it follows, unknown oriental prescriptions and remedies which have been particularly ignored will eventually play an important role in clinical practice. Conclusions : It is clear to everyone that these oriental remedies will remain ignored by the public unless they gain popularity. Strict verifications on these oriental remedies are definitely needed in order to overcome this limitation. Finally, it should provide a momentum in the field of medicine in gaining popularity to the public.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.238-256
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• 1998

Background : There have been many studies and efforts about quality management in health services, but these were not focused on the thinking ability of the personnel. In this study, We planned to define the relationship between Quality Management(QM) and thinking skill, and analyzed critical thinking skill and problem solving ability of the nurses for QM in healthcare. Methods : We surveyed 260 nurses in 3 hospitals by using questionnaires about thinking skills and QM from November 18 to 28, 1998. The response rate was 76.9%. We described and analyzed the data by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and non-parametric Friedman test using SPSS Win 7.5. Results : This study revealed that 1) understanding level of QM concepts was very low and insufficient, 2) willingness to practice QM in healthcare was relatively high and affirmative, but the positive attitude taking part in the program of QM is very low(4.5%), 3) even though the necessity of QM was recognized, actual application of critical thinking skills and problem solving abilities is lacking, 4) the production of idea for QM was the most insufficient, and so the next of the problem solving process(QA cycle) was the same. Conclusion : Based on the above results, we can conclude that understanding the concepts of QM is very important to solve problems about QM in healthcare. For development of thinking skill to promote critical problem solving ability for QM in healthcare, it is necessary to improve curriculum of nursing education and teaching-learning methods of QM strategy and technique.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1983

Since the national health insurance was introduced in 1978, the increased utilization of hospitals and the growing importance of pharmaceutical services to hospital patients have made the administration of these services a very complex and specialized responsibility. The pharmaceutical services has always been an essential component of comtemporary hospital care. In the hospital, the pharmaceutical services is the professional department which concerns itself with the evaluation, selection, control and utilization of drugs. The director of this service must be a versatile professional person who can work effectively in a heterogenous society of educated persons. However, graduate education in hospital pharmacy has not been introduced yet in Korea. The necessity of graduate education hospital pharmacy has been discussed in this research. Graduate education in hospital pharmacy emphasizes preparation for assumption of responsibility as the senior hospital pharmacist or the director of pharmaceutical services. Graduates should also be prepared as administrators of a department that must operate with great efficiency. They should be prepared serve as a consultant on drugs for the medical and allied health professional staff, organizing and disseminating a large and dynamic body of information in their interest and to establish professional roles that emphasize procurement, storage, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, control and evaluation of drugs. Senior hospital pharmacist is a teacher charged with responsibility fer formal and informal instruction of other hospital personnel in pharmaceutical sciences. In addition, the graduates have the opportunity to be a researcher dealing with aspect of hospital care and are intensively educated in the professional aspects of hospital pharmacy practices. The curriculum of graduate education in hospital pharmacy should be established detailly and carefully to fit the educational objective.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.225-228
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a two-stage training module using radish and swine scapular cartilage for carving ear cartilage. Methods: In the first stage, white radish was cut in 3-6 mm thick slices. The ear cartilage framework was carved using a graver and the helix and antihelix were fixed with pins. In the second stage, swine scapular cartilage was obtained. The thickness varied 3-6 mm. The ear cartilage framework was made. And triangular fossa and scaphoid fossa were carved with graver. A curvilinear cartilage for helix was assembled to the framework by pin fixing. Six participants were recruited for an ear reconstruction training workshop and figures of the cartilage framework were provided. Participants were asked answer the pre-workshop questionnaire and post-workshop questionnaire on a Likert scale to rate their satisfaction with the outcome. Results: On the pre-workshop questionnaire, participants indicated that they did not have sufficient knowledge and skill for fabricating the ear cartilage framework (1.5±0.5 using white radish; 1.3±0.5 using swine scapular cartilage). On the post-workshop questionnaire, participants responded that they had learned useful knowledge from this workshop, reflecting a significant improvement (3.8±1.0 using white radish; 4.0±1.1 using swine scapular cartilage). They also indicated that they had become somewhat confident in this skill (4.2±0.8 using white radish; 4.3±0.5 using swine scapular cartilage. The participants generally found the workshop satisfactory (practically helpful, 4.7±0.5; knowledge improved, 4.8±0.4; satisfied with course, 4.5±0.5; would recommend to others, 4.8±0.4). Conclusion: This model can be useful for ear reconstruction training for medical personnel.