• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

This paper proposes a new JPEG format, All-in-JPEG, which can include not only multiple photos but also various media such as audio and text by extending the JPEG format. All-in-JPEG add images, audio, and text at the existing JPEG file, and stores meta information by utilizing the APP3 segment of JPEG. With All-in-JPEG, smartphone users can save many pictures taken in burst shots in one file, and it is also very convenient to share them with others. In addition, you can create a live photo, such as saving a short audio at the time of taking a photo or moving a part of the photo. In addition, it can be used for various applications such as a photo diary app that stores images, voices, and diary text in a single All-in-JPEG file. In this paper, we developed an app that creates and edits All-in-JPEG, a photo diary app, and a magic photo function, and verified feasibility of the All-in-JPEG through them.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-87
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• 2022

Since over-the-top (OTT) service has emerged as a new way of consuming video contents, OTT markets grow exponentially and the competition among the OTT services becomes intense. Only limited systematic research effort has been paid to understand why users subscribe such OTT services among other services. Therefore, we used developmental sequential mixed methods approach to find out the quality factors and their effect on post-subscription experiences and continuance intention. In the qualitative study, we derived six factors which a user considers important to continue the subscription. Based on the explored factors, we hypothesized a research model with modified three qualities from ISSM. The proposed research model was validated through quantitative research, a survey of 226 OTT service users in South Korea, using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that content quality is the key factor affecting both perceived enjoyment and satisfaction whereas system quality affects satisfaction, and service quality only affects enjoyment. Enjoyment affects satisfaction which sequentially affects continuance usage intention. This study contributes to research by modifying ISSM through mixed methods. It also provides OTT service providers with insight to enhance users' post experience and continuance intention to use the service through qualities derived from the interview.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2019

Now we are facing with a possibility of having crimes, which have been only possible offline, in cyber spaces as well.Especially, a recent growth in the use of SNS, promoted by popularization of smart phones, also has led an abrupt increase in cyber crime. It would be important to have a understanding of cyber crime and its characteristics by type as well as factors associated with each type of cyber crime in order to devise appropriate preventive measures against cyber crime. However, most of the previous studies on cyber crimesolely made through literature review or indirect approaches. Therefore, this study has been designed to conduct the interview with actual suspects(criminals) of cyber crime to address factors of cyber crime and to devise specific preventive measures and countermeasures against cyber crime. Especially, among various types of cyber crime, this study aims at addressing the 'trades' and 'financial transaction' of crimes committed using the information and communication network and the 'cyber libel/insult'of crimes committed using unlicensed contents, which have been soared recently and become significant issues. The findings of this study could be beneficial for the society since it has managed to conduct the interview and reveal relationships among major factors of cyber crime. The findings of this study could be used for devising and developing proper preventive and countermeasures against cyber crime, in turn reducing and preventing its damage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

One-year-old seedlings of Ginkgo biloba were treated with various simulated acid rains(pH 2.0, pH 3.0, pH 9.0 and pH 5.0) to examine the effects of simulated acid rain on the chemical properties of the tested soil. The seedlings were grown in a pot($4500cm^3$)containing one of three different soils(nursery soil, mixed soil and sandy soil). Simulated acid rain was made by diluting sulfuric and nitric acid solution($H^1SO^4$ : $HNO^3$ =3 : 1, V/V) with tap water and tap water(pH 6.4), and treated by 5mm each time for three minutes during the growing seasons(April to October 1985). Acid rain treatments were done three times per week to potted seedlings by spraying the solutions. The chemical properties of potting media were compared among three soil types as well as among the various pH levels. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents and base saturation of the soil decreased with decreasing pH levels of acid rain, and their decreasing rates were as follows : sandy soil was the highest, followed by mixed and nursery soils, However, exchangeable aluminum content rather increased as the pH levels decreased. 2. Available phosphate in the soil decreased as the pH levels of acid rain decreased. Its content increased in nursery soil, compared with those before acid gain treatment, Gut decreased in mined and sandy soils. 3. Soil sulfate and nitrate contents increased remarkably as the pH levels decreased, and the only significant difference in the sulfate was found among the pH levels. Soil sulfate content was the highest in nursery soil, followed by mixed and sandy soils.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2018

Purpose: Koreans' internet and smartphone usage hours are steadily increasing and the dependence of young people on smartphones is causing social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine health and dietary habits, as well as hair mineral contents according to the level of dependence of smartphone use among adolescents to clarify the interrelation of smartphone dependence, lifestyle, dietary behavior, and mineral nutrition status. Methods: A total of 80 smartphone-addicted adolescents participated in this study and were divided into three groups (general, potential and danger group) according to smartphone dependence. The subjects' lifestyles and dietary behaviors were then surveyed, and hair mineral contents were analyzed. Results: Higher smartphone dependence was associated with lower average weekly sleeping time and later first smoking age. In the danger group, the rate of eating fast and the rate of snacking twice a day was also relatively high. Parents (45.0%) and mobile (30.0%) were the factors having the greatest influence on an individual's dietary behavior. In the hair mineral analysis, all subjects had lower selenium concentrations and higher lead concentrations than normal. In addition, the levels of aluminum in the danger group were higher than in the normal range and the highest among the three groups. Conclusions: It is necessary to guide adolescents to use smartphones correctly and manage dietary habits. In addition, careful attention is needed the mineral nutritional status of smartphone-addicted adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2005

In addition to the variation in nitrate accumulation of vegetables due to environmental conditions, there is also a distinct genetic variation. The variation of nitrate accumulation in some cultivars of lettuce and spinach commonly cultivated in Korea was investigated. Ten cultivars for both lettuce and spinach were grown in plastic containers filled with a 1:1 mixture of perlite and vermiculite with application of Hoagland No. 2 nutrient solution of high nitrate content (17.3 mM N) in a greenhouse condition. Plants were harvested four weeks after transplanting four-leaf stage seedlings. Plant growth was measured by fresh and dry matter of shoot, and contents of nitrate and other inorganic ions and organic solutes including sugar, amino acids and organic acids were measured. Large and significant genotypical variations in the nitrate content of the plants were found for both lettuce and spinach, and high negative correlations between nitrate content and fresh or dry weight were found in lettuce and spinach. Variation in nitrate accumulation of lettuce and spinach cultivars was not directly related to the differences in contents of organic and inorganic solutes, and this result indicates that photosynthesis and osmotic regulation are not directly related with the nitrate accumulation. Considering the correlations between nitrate content and plant growth of this study, it can be simply suggested that different cultivars of lettuce and spinach have their own inherited growth and physiological characteristics and also optimum nitrogen level required for the growth. Therefore when available nitrogen in root media is higher than the optimum level required for the inherited growth potential, some of the excess nitrate supplied can be accumulated in plants.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 1989

Some factors effecting on mycelial growth and cultural substrates using pine sawdust were investigated to develop an artificial cultivation technique. The optimal temperature and media pH for the mycelial growth were at $25^{\circ}C$ and 4.0, respectively. The mycelial growth was not different among three isolates tested. Among them ASI 19003 isolate showed the highest mycelial density and fruitbody yield. Among supplements added into pine sawdust, wheat bran was the best and its appropriate percentage was 20 for the mycelial growth. The mycelial densities were uprisen according to the amounts of the supplement. The highest yield, 107g/bottle of the sporophores of the mushroom was obtained from the substrates supplemented by 30% of wheat bran, but no fruitbody was formed on non supplemented one. Optimal moisture contents of the substrates was different for the mycelial growth, pinheading and fruitbody yields. Sixty five, 60 and 75% of moisture contents of the substrates were optimal for the mycelial growth, pinheading and fruitbody yields, respectively.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.34
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• pp.196-243
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• 2006

The popularity of Korea pop culture, which called as the name of "Korea wave", has started to spread out in China and other Asian states from late-1990's. The study about "Korea wave" until now, however, have prevailed within an economic point of view. So, I would like to clarify that this dissertation raises a question in exiting argument and explains the identity of "Korea wave" by investigating the details of pop culture contents of Korea, and understanding of chinese receiver. It shows that chinese receiver, watching the movie , has estimated in the affirmative viewpoint after I have analyzed a reply of movie web-site in China. The main features of this analysis prove that there are a lot of good estimation when chinese receiver have seen that movie because it has been well-matched with emotion and fun of story and attraction in the movie. In that order, Some Chinese netizen evaluated that there are some negative point of view as the main actress has a strange and crazy behavior. I have also found that Korea pop culture contents has not given to them good image and chinese receiver had a tendency to view objectively to classify with strength and weakness. Analysis to contrast understanding of Chinese netizen with Korea netizen showed that Korea netizen emphasized fun of story, however, Chinese netizen showed that they had a lot of opinion to be fresh and realistic relatively. In conclusion, I would like herewith to identify that there are some differences between Chinese netizen and Korean netizen after contacting the movie. The reason has showed that understanding about the same object can be a great deal of various consideration in two more diverse cultures which have many different social-cultural and historical situation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.925-934
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• 2016

For students, astronomy is not only interesting but also difficult to learn. However, there is a limit in learning astronomy in a school science setting since astronomy is vast subject. Fortunately, science museums can be helpful in overcoming this limitation. Experiences in science museum provide something that any descriptions or illustrations cannot give. Therefore, to maximize the educational effect, it is necessary to look at astronomical exhibits regarding the educational aspects and complement them. For these reasons, the purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of exhibitions related to astronomy and how much the exhibitions reflect the contents of their science curricula. We selected famous science museums in Korea, America, and Japan and analyzed characteristics of their astronomy exhibition. We analyze these characteristics in the aspects of exhibition technology & media, presentation method and activity types. Also, this study figures out how content of exhibitions are connected to school science curriculum. The results are summarized as follows: First, Science Museums of America and Japan utilize interactive exhibits to raise participation. It implies that Science Museum of Korea needs Interactive Exhibits that provide a realistic experience of the universe. Second, the astronomy exhibits reflect some of the learning elements of their science curricula concerned with astronomy. However, these astronomical contents are included selectively and not according to their required curriculum. It means that many students lack the opportunity to study Astronomy in their schools. Therefore, the astronomy museum must reflect learning elements of science curricula concerned with astronomy in the exhibits.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develope the new solid separating system which can be efficiently and economically removed the solid parts in high pollutants concentration of pig slurry. The pollutants concentration, BOD$_{5}$ , COD and SS of the slurry used in this study was 15,990($\pm$2,389)mg/l, 20,004($\pm$5,512)mg/l and 26,486($\pm$5,935)mg/l, respectively. After removal of solid part in slurry, the pollutants concentration, BOD$_{5}$, COD and SS was change into 5,617($\pm$690)mg/l, 5,553($\pm$633)mg/land 1,456($\pm$341)mg/l, respectively in the Fixed biological membrane tank. The reduction of the pollutants concentration of suspend liquid through membrane will be allowed to greatly improve the water purification by an Activated sludge method. This separating system consisted of a temporary storage, a circulating tank and a Fixed Biological membrane tank. A temporary storage which has a draining system of screw type and an aeration device played a tremendous role in draining the solid by filled an aeration of 0.3 l/min. A Fixed Biological membrane tank of which a styrofoam filled in a 2/3 volume as a Biological media was fixed by a stainless steel net (pore size : 0.5mm) to separate the liquid layer of influx in them. The separating system efficiency factors were the speed of screw motor, cycle number of slurries in a circulating tank and moisture contents of solid effluent through the screw path. Although the pollutants concentration was very variable in temporary storage, the final concentration of $BOD_5$ and SS, except COD of the suspended liquid in a Fixed biological membrane were not different regardless of cycle number of a circulating tank. Moisture contents of effluent from temporary storage was 73% under the speed 1 ppm of screw motor and 62% under the 1/4rpm of it.