• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2005

Octachlorostyrene (OCS) is a primarily concerning chemical in many countries because of its persistent and bioaccumulative properties in the environment. OCS is not commercially manufactured or used but it may be produced during incineration or chemical synthetic processes involving chlorinated compounds. There are several reports that OCS was found in the waters, sediments, fish, mussels, and also in human tissues. However, systematic studies on the OCS toxicities are scarce in literature. In this study, we tried to get the gene expression data using medaka DNA chip to identify biomarkers of OCS exposure. Medaka (Oryzias latipes.) was exposed to OCS 1 ppm for 2 days and 10 days, respectively. Total RNA was extracted and purified by guanidine thiocyanate method and the Cy3- and Cy5-labelled cDNAs produced by reverse trancription of the RNA were hybridized to medaka microarray. As results, eighty five genes were found to be down-or up regulated by OCS. Some of the genes were listed and confirmed by real-time PCR.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.333-340
• /
• 2013

사료에 첨가된 saponin이 함유된 자귀나무(Albizzia julibrissin) 껍질 추출물이 송사리(Oryzias latipes)의 생식소 성숙과 산란에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 자귀나무(A. julibrissin) 껍질의 n-BuOH 추출물로부터 Diaion HP-20, Silica gel과 Sephadex LH-20 chromatography들을 이용하여 조 사포닌 분획물(HaBC)을 분리하였다. 실험 어류들은 순환여과 장치 시스템의 수조에서 사육하였으며, HaBC를 첨가한 사료를 급여하여 암컷의 생식소 성숙 억제 및 산란 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 미성숙 송사리들에 대한 실험에서 사료에 HaBC를 20 mg/g-feed 이상 첨가한 사료를 먹인 어류들은 생식소의 성숙과 산란을 개시하는 시기가 지연되었다. 또한 성숙한 암컷 송사리들도 HaBC를 20 mg/g-feed 이상 첨가한 사료를 먹었을 때 대조구에 비해 낮은 GSI 값을 보였다. 미성숙한 송사리에 대한 길이 성장이나 체중에 대한 변화는 HaBC의 첨가량에 관계가 없었으나, 비만도(CF)에서는 HaBC를 첨가한 사료를 먹인 어류들이 대조구에 비해 높은 값을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 자귀나무(A. julibrissin)의 껍질로부터 분리한 saponin 분획물은 송사리 암컷의 성숙을 억제할 수 있었지만, 성장 촉진에는 아무런 작용을 하지 않았다. 이들 작용 기전에 대해서는 더 많은 연구들이 있어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to examine the availability of using medaka (Oryzias latipes) in teratological test. Medaka embryos were collected within 2 hours post-fertilization and cultured in petri dishes containing buffered saline until hatching. The embryos were treated with 0.56 mg/l chlorpyrifos-methyl and 10 mM methyl methanesulfonate at 20 stages (about 35 hours post-fertilization). Eleven developmental features were selected and observed from 33 stages (about 9 days post-fertilization). Scoring system was developed and applicated for the measurement of potential teratological effects by the test compound. Chlorpyrifos-methyl did not induce teratological effect in medaka embryos. However, we found teratological test using medaka embryo reduced the cost, labors, period and space of experiment significantly compared with teratological study using rodents. Above findings strongly suggest that medaka embryo can be used as a lab animal model for teratogenicity test instead of rodents.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2000

Toxic lesions of styrene in the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were compared with those of styrene oxide, the active metabolite of styrene, using embryo-larval assays. The developmental stages of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with both chemicals were not altered and progressed normally. However, styrene oxide was more toxic than styrene in terms of causing death and lesions . High concentrations of styrene (higher than 4.9 ppm) and styrene oxide (higher than 2.4 ppm), resulting in more than 50% mortality, caused similar lesions of cardiovascular system, craniofacial bone formation and spinal deformities, although a number of lesions were not observed by both chemicals . In the group treated with styrene, eyeball sizes and intereye distances were reduced, while, in the group treated with styrene oxide , the eyes and eye cups were not developed and two eyes were sometimes fused. In addition, styrene oxide caused the lesion which involved the posterior brain and brain stem were herniated through the spinal cord . The noticeable difference of toxic symptoms between these two chemicals was the time of onset. Toxicities of cardiovascular system and craniofacial bone formation appeared on day 3 of development in styrene oxide treated group, but, styrene treated group staned to show hemorrhages on day 3 and the craniofacial malformation were appeared on day 5, These differences between two chemicals may be due to the metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide, the reactive intermediate.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.513-516
• /
• 2007

This investigation was intended to find out the estrogenic effect of chlortetracycline (CTC) on vitellogenin induction in adult male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Vitellogenin (Vtg) produced in male fish has been used to as one of a biomarker of endocrine disrupters. The positive control was $17{\beta}-estradiol$ (E2) that induced Vtg in male fish. As a result, male and female fish were exposed to 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ppm of CTC. Western blot results showed approximately 205 kDa, that is similar to myosin at high molecular weight range Sigma maker. Vtg band was showed fainted to 10 and 100ppm for chlortetracycline. Vtg concentration of CTC was qunatified by total protein quantification and ELISA. Exposure of the male fish to CTC of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ppm produced Vtg concentrations of 0.24, 0.12, 7.61 and 40.02%o, respectively, that value was elevated than control male fish (0.14%o). CTC exerted as a Vtg inducer in male fish from 10 ppm, but it was a reducer in female fish from 0.1 ppm level. The results say that vitellogenin induction patterns alter in male medaka treated with CTC, and that CTC may caused endocrine disruption in fish.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 2007

The study was designed to determine the estrogenic effect of some penicillins on endocrine function in adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Vitellogenin (Vtg) produced in male fish has been used for a biomarker to study endocrine disrupters. $17\beta-estradiol\;(E_2)$ was used a positive control that was induced Vtg in male fish. Result of total protein qantification and ELISA for female and male fish were exposed to $17\beta-estradiol$ 10ng/ml for $3\sim5$ days. As a result, male fish exposed to amoxicillin respectively appeared 0.75, 0.23, 8.21 and $9.36\%_{\circ}$ of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm respectively, that value was elevated compared with control male fish. Male fish exposed to ampicillin respectively appeared 1.85, 4.68, 0.85 and $39.59\%_{\circ}$ of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm respectively, that value was elevated compared with control male fish. This study is one of the first reports suggesting potential endocrine disruption of some penicillins in aquatic ecosystem. These results suggest that vitellogenin and estrogen receptor induction patterns alter in male medaka treated with selected estrogenic compounds, and that these results may be useful molecular biomarkers for screening estrogenic EDCs (endocrine-disrupting chemicals) in the shortest possible time.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.139-142
• /
• 2001

Sexual behavior and reproductivity of male fIsh were studied as an in vivo screening method of endocrine disruptors. Male medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 17$\beta$-estradiol at nominal concentrations of 2 and 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l for 14 days. After exposure of the chemical, sexual behavior between male medaka and normal female which were injected with prostaglandin $F_{2\alpha}$ just before the test, was analysed by using video camera for one hour. Normal control male showed courtship dancing such as following, guarding, dancing and crossing while 17$\beta$-estradiol treated male did not show any type oj courtship dancing. Furthermore, fecundity and fertility were significantly decreased in the treated group. It was suggested that analysis of sexual behavior could be a useful endpoint for the screening of the endocrine disruptors.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 1985

농약의 만성어독성을 평가하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 제초제인 butachlor에 대하여 송사리 (Oryzias latipes)을 대상으로 하여 90일간 아급성 어독성 실험을 실시하였고 또한 만성독성 평가를 위한 생물학적 검정어류로써 송사리의 타당성을 제고한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 송사리는 우리나라에서 고르게 분포하고 있는 소형 민물고기로써 시험기간중 대조군 등에서 산란 및 부화가 이루어져 풍부한 생물학적 자료와 함께 농약에 대한 만성 어독성 평가에 적합하다고 사료된다. 2) Butachlor의 0.16 ppm 처리군은 약간의 길이 성장감소와 산란된 수정란의 부화율이 감소되는 경향을 나타내었고, 0.04ppm과 0.01 ppm의 butachlor 처리군에서는 대조군과 비교할 때 별 다른 영향을 받지 않았음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 고로, butachlor는 송사리에서 0.04${\sim}$0. 16ppm의 MATC 값을 갖는 것으로 사료되며 또한 실험기간중 DO와 pH및 온도를 매일 측정한 결과 송사리에 영향을 주지 않았음이 입증되었다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• 제3권sup4호
• /
• pp.33.2-33.2
• /
• 2007

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.77-77
• /
• 2004