• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.305-330
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• 2023

쉴드TBM 터널은 NATM 터널과 달리 라이닝이 세그먼트로 분절되어 있다. 따라서 라이닝에 동일 하중이 발생되어도 NATM 터널 라이닝과 쉴드TBM 터널 라이닝의 응력 분포가 다르게 발생된다. 쉴드TBM 터널에서 라이닝에 발생되는 응력을 분석하는 대표적 방법은 연결부를 고려하지 않는 강성일체법과 링간 이음 및 세그먼트 연결을 고려하는 2링 빔스프링 모델이 있다. 본 연구는 라이닝 분절 Segmentaion을 고려한 Break-joint Mode 해석 방법이지만 세그먼트 라이닝 연결부의 구조적 역할을 고려하지 않고 마찰력 성분인 수직강성과 전단강성 만 도입된 쉘 인터페이스 요소를 이용한 모델링을 적용하여 진동하중 발생 시 라이닝의 응력 및 변위에 대한 응답결과를 분석했다. 토압 등 정적 하중에 대해 천 정부에서 가장 큰 응력이 발생되는 강성일체법과 달리 본 연구의 해석방법에 의해 발생된 세그먼트 라이닝 응력 분포는 세그먼트 연결부가 집중된 천정부 Key 세그먼트에서 가장 작은 응력이 발생하였고 연결부를 경계로 응력의 분포가 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 그리고 정적 해석 결과는 강성일체법에 발생된 라이닝 응력이 본 연구 방법에 의해 발생된 세그먼트 라이닝의 응력에 비해 최대 7배의 큰 응력이 발생되었다. 이러한 결과는 세그먼트 연결부를 고려한 기존의 2링 빔-스프링 모델의 응력분포 양상과 일치하는 결과다. 그러나 열차 진동하중에 대한 응력값은 Break-joint Mode로 해석한 본 연구방법의 응력이 강성일체법에 비해 더 큰 응력을 발생되었다. 이는 짧은 부재들의 조합으로 이루어진 세그먼트 Ring이 원주방향으로 일체로 되어 부재의 길이가 상대적으로 더 긴 강성일체법 결과에 비해 더 작은 응력이 발생되는 정역학적 개념과 상이한 결과다. 진동하중에 대해 Break-joint Mode에서 세그먼트 라이닝에 응력이 더 크게 발생된 원인은 부재의 고유주기, 감쇠비 등 동역학적 요인의 차이보다는 열차 진동하중에 대해 라이닝에 발생되는 변위의 차이에 기인하는 것으로 판단되지만 이에 대한 증명은 추후의 과제로 남겨두었다. 본 연구 방법의 Break-joint Mode를 이용하면 정지상태의 열차 하중에 의해 발생되는 라이닝의 응력과 변위값을 비교하여 쉴드TBM 터널의 충격계수(DIF)를 비교적 간단하게 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구는 쉴드TBM 터널의 Segmentaion을 고려한 3차원 모델링으로 추후 지진파 등 다양한 하중조건의 검토를 통해 기존 해석방법 결과와 비교하여 모델링의 추가적 신뢰성을 확보할 필요가 있다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.193-206
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 직장생활과정에서 직장역경으로 자원이 소진되거나 직무열정을 통해 자원이 획득하는 직장인이 창업가로 전환되는 과정에서 영향을 주는 요인들과 어떠한 경로를 통해 창업의도가 생성되는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 직장인 대상으로 직장역경 및 직무열정이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 탐구하였다. 또한 직장역경과 직무열정이 직무창의성의 매개를 통해 창업의도 간에 미치는 영향을 실증분석함으로써 직장인이 창업으로 전환되는 요인 및 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 온라인 설문조사로 확보한 333명의 data를 근거로 SPSS와 AMOS 통계패키지를 활용하였으며, 연구의 결과를 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직장역경은 창업의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 부정적으로 인식되는 직장역경이 오히려 창업의도를 높이는 중요한 변수임을 확인하였다. 둘째, 직장역경은 직무창의성에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 직장역경을 극복하는 방법으로 직무창의성이 효과적인 요소임을 확인하였다. 셋째, 직무열정은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 확보된 자원을 집중하고자 열정이 창업의도를 높이는데 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 넷째, 직무열정은 직무창의성에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 목표 달성을 위해서는 창의적 방법이 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 다섯째, 직무창의성은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 창의성은 창업 전에 선행되는 의도나 행동으로서 직무창의성이 높은 경우 창업에 성공 가능성에 기대감이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 여섯째, 직무창의성은 직장역경과 창업의도 간의 사이에서 매개효과가 확인되었다. 일곱째, 직무창의성은 직무열정과 창업의도 간의 사이에서도 매개효과가 확인되었다. 이는 직무창의성은 창업가로 전환되는 과정에서 직장인의 역경을 완화시키고 직무열정을 증가시키기 위한 효과적인 요소임을 확인하였다. 학문적으로는 국내에서 직장인 대상 역경 관련 선행연구가 거의 없었는데 본 연구에서 직장인 대상 연구라는 점에서 차별화 및 연구대상을 확장시킨 연구라고 할 수 있다. 또한 실무적으로는 부정적인 직장역경도 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 중요한 변수임을 확인하였다. 이는 직장인 경력관리 측면에서 부정적인 역경적 상황도 직장 경험이 반영된 창업이 대안으로 작용될 수 있다는 것이 확인되어 실무적으로 의미가 있다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.393-412
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• 2024

고준위방사성폐기물 처분부지 선정에 있어 부지의 수리지질학적 연구는 매우 중요하며, 수리전도도와 저류계수 등이 대표적 수리지질학적 인자이다. 본 연구는 원주지역 심부 화강암반을 대상으로 두 가지 다른 종류의 현장수리시험 장비와 방법으로 획득한 수리전도도를 비교 분석하여 심부 화강암반의 수리특성을 파악하였다. 하나는 지하수 관정 자동 주입 시스템 장비를 활용하여 최대 심도 602.0 m에 대해 루전시험, 정압주입시험, 슬러그시험을 수행하였고, 산정된 수리전도도는1.26E-9 ~ 4.16E-8 m/s의 범위를 보였다. 전체 심도에서 수리전도도의 최대와 최소 차이는 약 33배로 나타났고, 동일 시험 구간에서 시험 방법이나 해석방법에 의한 차이는 1.13 ~ 8.25배로 나타났다. 다른 하나는 대심도 수리특성 조사 시스템을 활용하여 최대 심도 705.1 m에 대해 정압주입시험, 펄스시험을 수행하여 산정된 수리전도도는 1.60E-10 ~ 2.05E-8 m/s으로 최대와 최소 차이는 약 130배 정도로 나타났다. 정압주입시험에서 해석방법에 따른 차이는 1.02 ~ 2.8 배로 나타났다. 두 시험 장치와 방법에서 산정한 수리전도도는 대체로 E-9와 E-8 m/s로 유사한 범위를 보였으며, 심도에 따른 뚜렷한 경향은 관찰되지 않았다. 현장수리시험이 수행된 원주지역 화강암반은 낮은 또는 매우 낮은 암반투수성을 보임을 알 수 있었고, 적용된 시험 장치와 시험 방법에 따라 측정할 수 있는 수리전도도 범위나 적용 심도 등의 차이가 존재하나 대체로 신뢰할 수 있는 결과를 제시한 것으로 판단된다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.374-392
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• 2024

고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분 시, 부지선정을 성공적으로 진행하기 위해서는 단계별 접근법과 그에 따라 국내 지질환경에 적합한 지질환경특성 평가인자의 체계적인 선정 및 조사평가가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 실제 처분시설이 위치할 것으로 예상되는 고심도의 암반대수층을 대상으로, 수리지질분야의 가장 핵심적인 평가인자로 고려되고 있는 수리전도도 특성을 평가하였다. 특히 국내에 분포하는 다양한 암종지역(화강암/화산암/편마암/이암)에서 각각 500 m 이하 750 m에 이르는 깊은 심도까지, 직접 시추공 내 수리시험을 수행하여 현지 압력-유량 자료를 획득하고, 검증된 해석방법을 통해 암종별/심도별 수리전도도 값을 도출한 일련의 수행 과정과 분석 결과들은 국내 최초의 종합적 고심도 수리특성 연구 시도라 할 수 있다. 이를 위해, 본 연구를 통해 자체적으로 개발된 정밀수리시험장비가 사용되었으며, 표준시험법을 바탕으로 한 상세조사절차가 현장시험에 적용되었다. 분석 결과, 화강암/화산암/편마암 지역에서 모두 평균 10^-9 m/s 범위의 수리전도도 값이 나타났으며, 이암 지역에서는 이보다 100배(2 order)정도 낮은 수준인 평균 10^-11 m/s 수리전도도 값이 도출되었다. 또한 암반절리가 다수 포함되어 있는 균열암반대수층인 화강암과 화산암 지역에서는 전체적으로 심도에 따라 투수성이 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 편마암 지역은 심도보다는 지층의 암상과 그에 따른 파쇄대의 발달 여부에 따라 국부적으로 투수성 차이가 큰 경향을 나타냈다. 균열 발달이 미약한 이암 지역에서는 심도에 따른 암반 투수성의 변동이나 뚜렷한 경향성이 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 제시된 암종별/심도별 수리전도도 결과 자료들은 국내 처분부지 선정과 처분시설 설계 및 건설을 위한 기반 데이터베이스 구축에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2002

연구배경 : 급성폐손상에서 표면활성물질의 치료효과는 허탈된 폐포를 재환기시키는 작용 외에 표면활성물질이 지닌 항염증효과도 기여하는 것으로 알려져있다. 표면활성물질의 항염증효과의 기전에 호중구의 아포토시스를 촉진하는 작용이 관련되어 있을 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 사람의 말초혈액 호중구와 LPS로 급성폐손상을 유발한 흰쥐의 폐포내 호중구의 아포토시스에 대하여 표면활성물질이 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 생체외 실험에서는 자원자의 혈액에서 호중구를 분리하여 같은 수의 호중구 ($1{\times}10^6$)에 LPS(10, 100, 1000ng/ml), surfactant(10, 100, 1000${\mu}g$/ml), 그리고 LPS(1000ng/ml)와 표면활성물질(10, 100, 1000${\mu}g$/ml)을 혼합하여 투여하였다. 24 시간 배양한 후에 호중구의 아포토시스를 Annexin V 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 생체내 실험에서는 백서의 기관 내로 LPS(5mg/kg)를 투여하여 급성폐손상을 유발한 후에, 한 군은 표면활성물질(30mg/kg)을 다른 군은 생리식염수(5ml/kg)를 30 분 후에 기관 내로 투여하였다. LPS 투여 24 시간 후에 기관지폐포세척술을 시행하여 기관지폐포세척액을 얻었으며, 여기에서 호중구를 분리하여 Annexin V 방법으로 아포토시스를 측정하였다. 또한 LPS 투여 전과 23 시간 후에 one chamber body plethy smography를 이용하여 호흡역학(일호흡량, 호흡수, Penh)의 변화를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 생체외 실험에서 LPS 투여는 사람 말초혈액 호중구의 아포토시스를 억제하였다(대조군; $47.4{\pm}5.0%$, LPS 10ng/ml; $30{\pm}10.9%$, LPS 100ng/ml; $27.5{\pm}9.5%$, LPS 1000ng/ml; $24.4{\pm}7.7%$). 낮은 농도의 표면활성물질 투여는 LPS 투여에 의해 억제 되었던 호중구의 아포토시스를 촉진시켰다(LPS 1000ng/ml=Surf 10${\mu}g$/ml 1; $36.6{\pm}11.3%$, LPS 1000ng/ml+Surf 100${\mu}g$/ml 1; $41.3{\pm}11.2%$). 높은 농도의 표면활성물질($1,000{\mu}g/ml$) 투여는 그 자체도 호중구의 아포토시스를 억제할 뿐만 아니라($24.4{\pm}7.7%$) LPS의 항아포토시스 작용을 촉진하였다(LPS 1000ng/ml+Surf $1000{\mu}g/ml$; $19.8{\pm}5.4%$). 생체내 실혐에서 표면활성물질 투여는 생리식염수 투여에 비해서 급성폐손상을 받은 쥐에서 기관지 폐포세척액의 호중구의 아포토시스를 촉진하였다($6.03{\pm}3.36%$ vs $2.95{\pm}0.58%$). 표면활성물질을 투여한 백서는 생리식염수를 투여한 백서에 비해 LPS 자극 후 23 시간에 측정한 기도저항(Penh) 이 낮았다($2.64{\pm}0.69$ vs $4.51{\pm}2.24$, p<0.05). 결 론 : 이상의 결과로 표면활성은 사람의 말초혈액 호중구와 급성폐손상을 받은 백서의 기관지폐포세척액 내의 호중구의 아포토시스를 촉진하며, 이런 효과가 표면활성불질의 항염증효과의 기전 중 하나일 것으로 추측된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.592-600
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• 1997

연구배경 : 부가적 호흡일(imposed work of breathing)은 기계환기치료로부터의 이탈 성공에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자가 되며 환기유발의 방식과 그 민감도는 부가적호흡일을 결정하는 요소 중의 하나이다. 최근 몇가지 인공호흡기에서 유량유발법을 채택하고 있으며 이 방법은 부가적 호흡일이 기존의 압력유발법에 비하여 있으나 환자를 대상으로 부가적 측정 비교한 연구는 없었다. 이에 본 연구는 압력유발법과 유량유발법에서의 부가적 호흡일 그리고 총 호흡일에 대한 부가적 호흡일의 비율을 조사하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 또한 각 유발방법에서 만감도를 달리하여 (유량유발 ; 0.7 L/min 대비 2.0 L/mm 및 압력유발 $-1\;cmH_2O$ 대비 $-2\;cmH_2O$) 부가적 호흡일에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 기저질환이 안정되고 CPAP $3\;cmH_2O$ 상태에서 호흡이 안정된 환자 12명(평균연령 $64.8{\pm}4.2$세)을 대상으로 하여 CP-100 pulmonary monitor를 이용하여 총 호흡일과 부가적 호흡일, Pressure Time product 및 호흡역학지수들을 측정하였다. 부가적호흡일을 측정하기 위해 Hi-Lo Jet tracheal tube를 이용하여 기도하부 압력을 조사하였다. 각 유발방법은 무작위로 적용하였다. 결 과 : 부가적 호흡일은 유량유발 0.7 L/min에서 압력유발 $-2\;cmH_2O$에 비해 37.5% 감소를 보였고 압력유발 $-1\;cmH_2O$에서의 평균 부가적 호흡일도 $-2\;cmH_2O$에서의 평균값에 비해 14%의 감소를 보여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 유량유발 0.7 L/min과 2 L/min 및 압력유발 $-1\;cmH_2O$에서의 부가적 호흡일은 차이가 없었다. Pressure Time Product(PTP)도 유량유발 0.7 L/min 및 압력유발 $-1\;cmH_2O$에서 압력유발 $-2\;cmH_2O$에 비해 유의한 감소를 보여 부가적 호흡일의 결과와 일치하였다. 총 호흡일에 부가적 호흡일의 비율 및 생리적 호흡일 그리고 부가적 호흡일의 비율 및 생리적 호흡일 그리고 분당 호흡수, 평균기도저항, 최고 흡기유량, 폐유순도 및 $P_{0.1}$등은 각 유발단계에서 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았다 결 론 : 기계호흡을 하는 환자에서 총 호흡일에 대한 부가적 호흡일의 비율은 환자마다 다양하였고 민감도가 높은 유량유발법은 일반적인 압력유발법에 비해 부가적 호흡일을 줄이는데 효과적이며 같은 압력 유발법에서도 유발 민감도를 높이는 것이 부가적 호흡일의 감소에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2024

본 연구는 최근 전쟁과 기후변화, 지정학적 불안이 고조되는 가운데 기술혁신의 가속화 등으로 글로벌 경영환경의 급변하고 있다. 이에 따라 산업생태계의 변동성, 복잡성, 모호성, 불확실성이 지속적 확장으로 미래에 대한 예측이나 계획이 어려워지고 있다. 이에 따라 조직은 생존전략에 의해 한계사업정리, 해고 등 불가피한 구조조정을 진행하고 있다. 이에 따라 직장인들은 의도치 않게 직장을 잃을 수 있다는 불안요인이 높아지는 가운데 지속적 경제활동을 위한 대안으로 창업을 모색하고 있다. 창업으로 전환하는 과정에서 직장인의 자기결정성이 어떠한 경로를 통해 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 온라인 설문조사로 310명의 유효 data를 기반으로 SPSS와 AMOS 통계패키지를 활용하였다. 결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 직장인의 자기결정성은 창업의지에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못했다. 다만 자기결성성이 혁신성과 창업지원정책인식에 정(+)의 영향관계를 확인하였다. 이 결과는 창업에 바로 도전하기보다는 장기적인 인생경로 관점에서 혁신적인 경험을 축적하고 창업지원정책인식도를 높여서 단계적으로 준비하려는 심리가 작동된 것을 판단된다. 둘째, 혁신성이 창업의지에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 또한 창업지원정책인식이 창업의지에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 정부의 다양한 창업지원정책인식은 창업을 고려할 때 체감도가 높다는 인식이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 혁신성이 창업지원정책인식에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 예비창업자들이 혁신성을 발현하여 새로운 아이디어의 실현을 위해서는 창업지원정책인식의 실효성이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 넷째, 혁신성과 창업지원정책인식은 자기결성정과 창업의지 간의 관계를 매개하였고, 창업지원정책인식은 혁신성과 창업의지 간의 관계를 매개하는 것을 확인하여 창업의지에 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 창업관련 선행연구에서 학생들을 대상으로 주류를 이루고 있지만, 경제활동의 비중이 높은 직장인을 대상으로 한 연구대상의 차별성과 연구범위 확대 측면에서 학문적 가치가 있고, 자기결정정성의 동기만으로는 창업의지를 자극되지 않는다는 점과 혁신성과 창업지원정책의 완전매개효과 측면을 고려할 때 정부의 인적, 물적 지원정책 등의 실무적 측면에서 시사하는 바가 크다. 본 연구에서 표본의 선정 및 분석과정에서 동일방법편의 문제가 완전히 해소되지 않은 한계성과 창업의지가 형성되어 창업행동으로 전환되는지에 대한 추가적인 확정연구의 필요성이 있다. 선행연구에서 다소 부족했던 인간심리 동기와 창업 간의 관련성을 다룬 학문적 및 실무적 측면에서 직장인의 창업 전환은 개인의 경제적 안정과 국가적으로 일자리 창출의 기대효과가 예상되며 지속적인 연구의 필요성과 가치성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.