• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2015

The inflow estimation at large multipurpose dam reservoir is carried out by considering the water balance among the discharge, the storage change during unit time interval obtained from the observed water level near dam structure and area-volume curve. This method can be ideal for level pool reservoir but include potential errors when the inflow is influenced by the water level slope due to backwater effects from upstream flood inflows and strong wind induced by typhoon. In addition, the other uncertainties arisen from the storage reduction due to sedimentation after the dam construction and water level noise due to mechanical vibration transmitted from the electric power generator. These uncertainties impedes the accurate hydraulic inflow measurement requiring exquisite hydrometric data arrangement for reservoir waterbody. In this study, the distributed hydrologic model using UBC-3P boundary setting was applied and its feasibility was evaluated. Finally, the modeling performance has been verified since the calculated determination coefficient has been in between 0.96 to 0.99 after comparing with observed peak inflow and total inflow at Namgang dam reservoir.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.580-586
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• 2016

The ultra-long stroke engine was developed to generate greater power at lower speeds than previous designs to enhance the propulsion efficiency. The torsional exciting force, on the other hand, was increased significantly. Therefore, it is possible to control the torsional vibration of its shaft system equipped with the fuel efficient ultra-long stroke engine by adopting a damper although the torsional vibration could be controlled adequately by applying tuning and turning wheels on the engine previously. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a viscous-spring damper used to control the torsional vibration of the corresponding shaft system are reviewed and then examined to determine what vibration characteristics might be used to optimize the viscous-spring damper. In some cases, operators of eco-ships have recently experienced the problem of delayed RPM acceleration. It has been suggested that the proper measures for controlling the torsional vibration in the shaft system should involve adjusting the design parameters of its damper determined by the optimum damper design theory to avoid the fatigue damage of shafts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.135-139
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• 2017

The main reason for heat accidents occurring at the after stern tube bearing (STB) is excessive local pressure caused by the deflection of the propulsion shaft due to propeller loads. The probability of a heat accident is increased by the low flexibility of the shaft system in very large crude oil carriers (VLCCs) as the engine power and shaft diameter increase and the distance decreases between the forward and after STBs. This study proposed shaft system with only an after STB and no forward STB for a flexibility acquisition method for a VLCC shaft system under hull deformation. A Hertzian contact condition was applied, which assumes a half-elliptical pressure distribution along the contact width for the calculation of the local squeeze pressure. The propeller loads, heat effect, and hull deflection under engine operating conditions are also considered. The results show that the required design criteria were satisfied by building a partial slope at the white metal, which is the material at the axial contact side in the after STB. This system could reduce building cost by simplification of the shaft system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.474-481
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• 2018

The policy-making and technological development of eco-friendly automobiles designed to increase their supply is ongoing, but the internal combustion engine still accounts for approximately 95% of automobiles in use. To meet the stricter emission regulations of internal combustion engines based on fossil fuels, the proportion of after-treatments for vehicles and (ocean going) vessels is increasing continuously. As diesel engines have high power and good fuel economy in addition to less CO2 emissions, their market share is increasing not only in commercial vehicles, but also in passenger cars. Because of the characteristics of the diesel combustion, however, NOx is generated in localized high-temperature combustion regions, and particulates are formed in the zones of diffusion combustion. LNT and urea-SCR catalysts have been developed for the after-treatment of exhaust gas to reduce NOx in diesel vehicles. This study examined the effect of a containing promoter on SCR catalysts to cope with the severe exhaust gas regulation. The de-NOx performance of the Mn-SCR catalyst was the best, and the de-NOx performance was improved as the ion exchange rate between Mn ion and Zeolyst was good and the activation energy was low. The de-NOx performance of the 7Cu-15Ba/78Zeoyst catalyst was 32% at $200^{\circ}C$ and 30% at $500^{\circ}C$, and showed the highest performance. The NOx storage material of BaO loaded as a promoter was well dispersed in the Cu-SCR catalyst and the additional de-NOx performance of BaO was affected by the reduction reaction of the Cu-SCR catalyst. Among the three catalysts, the 7Cu-15Ba/Zeolyst SCR catalyst was resistant to thermal degradation. The same type of CuO due to thermal degradation migrates and agglomerates because BaO reduces the agglomeration of the main catalyst CuO particles.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 2020

Flow induced vibration in a heat exchanger may cause damage to piping. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of vortex shedding behavior through the circular tube banks at several tube locations, No.1, No. 10, and No. 19, with respect to time when the flow velocity of the inlet is constantly and periodically fluctuating.(60) The time characteristics of lift and the PSD characteristics were also investigated. In the case of periodic inlet flow velocity, strong vortex occurred at some time and after that time, a weak vortex was generated through the tube banks simultaneously. In the case of constant inlet flow velocity, the lift fluctuating frequency was 37.25Hz and that at the No. 19 tube was 18.63Hz and near 50Hz. In the case of periodic inlet flow velocity, the lift fluctuating frequency was 37.25Hz and 18.63Hz. The lift fluctuating frequency at No. 19 tube was observed broadly from 20Hz and 50Hz.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.77-81
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• 2007

The spherical lens is typically classified by the refractive power into two groups such as (+) diopter lens and (-) diopter lens. The deformation occurred by the external force that is applied to a lens is caused by the increase or the decrease in the diopter of a lens. In this paper, the deformation of the lens was quantitatively measured by using ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) which have been used in the optical measurement field for past few years. ESPI has an advantage that the deformation of an object can be measured precisely by using coherence of the light. The experiment was carried out to the totally 16 types of plastic lens. It was confirmed that the deformation was decreased by increasing the diopter of the lens when same displacement was applied to the lens in case of (+) diopter lens and was increased by decreasing the diopter of the lens in case of (-) diopter lens. Also, it was found that the deformation of (+) diopter lens is less than that of (-) diopter lens. Therefore, with these results, it is expected that the possibility of the quantitative measurement for variation of the optical defect caused by the deformation of a lens when the deformation is occurred to the various types of the lens can be presented and that the application in the lens industrial field can be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

Recently, recycling of industrial by-products and CO2 reduction have been important issues in the world. In this reason, applications and reuse of Fly ash as a binder for concrete, which is generated in thermoelectric power plant, have been one of the effective recycle methods. In order for Fly ash to be applied to concrete, Korean Standard(KS) has selected and managed quality such as $SiO_2$, fineness, specific gravity, ignition loss and activity index. However, there is a limits for activity index, whose test period required is at least 28 days or 91 days. Activity index is the critical indication standard to determine mechanical strength of concrete that contained Fly ash. To complement the disadvantage of test method, this research provided "API test method", which quickly measure Pozzolanic reaction of Fly ash can be considered as a alternative of activity index. Then, the adaptable API test method need to be investigated through comparative analysis with the test result of API, activity index and K-value. The test method can make evaluation of Fly ash quality faster and more accurate. As a result, most Fly ash produced in Korea has not been satisfied in the KS quality standard except water content and specific gravity, and especially fluidized bed boiler ash has its characteristics. Also, API, activity index and K-value have superior interrelationship. The interrelationship between API and activity index and K-value gets increased as the material age gets higher, so API test can be considered as very useful test method for Pozzolanic reaction evaluation of Fly ash.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

The conventional model did not take momentum conservation into consideration when the electron absorbs and emits the photons. II-ray provides momentum conservations on any directions of the entering photons, and also the electrons have radial momentum conservations and fully elastic bouncing between two atoms, in the new atom model. Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, for examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. Because the radius of hydrogen atom's electron orbit is the order of 10$^{-11}$ m and the radia of the nucleons in the nucleus are the order of 10$^{-14}$ m and then the converging $\pi$-gamma rays to the nucleus have so great circular momentum, the electron can not have a circular motion. We can say without doubt that any elementary mass particle can have only linear motion, because of the $\pi$-rays'hindrances, nearthenucleus. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The h v is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. Conventional Concept of Electric Field must be extended in the case of the direct and alternating current. Conventional concept is based on coulomb's force while the electric potential in the direct and alternating current is from Gibb's free energy. And also conventional concept has not any consciousness with human being but the latters has a conscious sensibility. The cell emf is from the kinetic energy of the open $\pi$-rays flow through the conducting wire. The electric potential in alternating current is from that the trans-orbital moving of the induced change of magnetic field in the wire produces flows of open $\pi$-rays, which push the rotating electrons on the orbital and then make the current flow. Human consciousness can induce a resonance with the sensibility of the open $\pi$-rays in the electric measuring equipment. Specially treated acupunctures with Nasucon is for sending an acupunctural effect from one place to another via space by someone's will power.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

Papermakers wish to increase the filler content of printing and writing grades because it allows saving in production cost through fiber replacement and improving the formation, and optical and printing properties of the paper. However, high filler loading in the base paper has negative side effects. It reduces the mechanical properties of paper and induces cracking at the fold after coating process. Fold cracking is one of the most frequent quality complaints for magazines, high quality books, etc. Two approaches were examined as methods to reduce fold cracking. One approach was to use preflocculated fillers, which was expected to reduce the fold cracking because it would decrease the interfiber bonding. The other approach was to use a new coating binder that gives greater binding power and thereby provides an opportunity of reducing the fold cracking of coated paper. When filler preflocculation was employed in producing the base paper, fold cracking becomes more severe than conventional filler loading condition. On the other hand, use of nano sized binder in coating improved the tensile properties of the coating layer and thereby decreased the crack area. It was shown that tensile properties of coating layer played an important role in fold cracking of coating.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2011

We developed hasuo jeungpyun with added polygonum multiflorum Thunb powder to increase the functional value and flavor of traditional jeungpyun. Hasuo jeungpyun containing 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% polygonum multiflorum Thunb powder was prepared and the moisture contents, pH, color, texture and sensory analysis of the samples were measured. With increasing polygonum multiflorum Thunb powder content, the moisture content of hasuo jeungpyun decreased, and pH increased significantly. Hasuo jeungpyun prepared with 2-4% polygonum multiflorum Thunb powder displayed significantly higher swelling power. As the level of polygonum multiflorum Thunb powder increased, the L-value decreased, whereas the a- and, b-values increased. A textural profile analysis showed that the hardness increased but cohesiveness decreased with increasing polygonum multiflorum Thunb powder content. A sensory evaluation showed the highest value for air cell uniformity, flavor, and overall acceptability of 4% hasuo jeungpyun, which suggests hasuo jeungpyun with improved sensory characteristics. In the analysis of the correlation between sensory characteristics and mechanical properties of hasuo jeungpyun, hardness and brittleness were negatively correlated with after swallow, appearance, flavor, texture, taste, and overall acceptability.