• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.608-618
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the type of ego states and stress coping style on female college students who are in the course of nursing study. This study is performed in the view of Transactional Analysis and designed to scrutinize descriptive correlations between the type of ego states and stress coping style. The subject is consists of 144 freshmen and sophomore, 138 junior and senior students group, who are students of K nursing college located in Seoul. The sampling investigation period is on Sept. 14, 2002 to Oct. 26, 2002. The measuring instrument used for Transactional Analysis ego state is 50 items Ego-gram research paper devised by Dusay(1997). For studying coping style, Folkman & Lazarus's measurement(1984) was adopted, which is translated and modified by Han, and Oh,(1990). Statistic average and standard deviation were generated by using SPSS PC+, t-test and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows: 1) In the type of ego states on both groups(lower group : freshmen, sophomore upper group : junior, senior) indicated the arithmetic apex NP(maximum value), then the point A was high and the data made a down slope to point AC. In the comparison to type of ego states between two groups, only at point CP, the data value of upper year students represented higher than that of lower year ones by C(t=2.28, p=.023). In the psychological energy level of ego states, both groups indicated average level.2) Stress coping style of whole students were highly and affirmatively dedicated to research. Consecutive consequences follow like this(high to low) : the central point of problem, search for social support, hopeful aspect and indifference. Especially hopeful aspect(t=.67, p=.05), relaxation of tension(t=-2.16, p=.03) made significant difference each other in the view of arithmetic calculation 3) While verifying coping style in terms of ego states level between lower and upper students group, In type CP, high level ego states group indicated significant difference on stress coping style area than low leveled group and made such sequences as the central point of problem, hopeful aspect, search for social support, positive interest and relaxation of tension. In type NP, sequences such as the central point of problem, search for social support, positive interest and relaxation of tension were emerged with little differences. In type A, the central point of problem, positive interest and relaxation of tension. In type FC, hopeful aspect, search for social support, positive interest and relaxation of tension. In type AC, hopeful aspect and indifference were derived significantly different(p<.05). 4) In the aspect of relation between ego states and coping style, type CP presented the central point of problem and relaxation of tension, type NP presented positive interest, search for social support and the central point of problem, type A showed the central point of problem, positive interest and relaxation of tension, type FC showed relaxation of tension, positive interest, search for social support, indifference and the central point of problem, type AC showed hopeful aspect, indifference and the central point of problem. All the sequence shown above had high-to-low procedure and represented static relations each other(p<.05).

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 1997

This study was to design the clean room garment which fits for a body and adjusts well to the action. We examined the body's changes in action through a body measurment and made a sample of the clean room garment to which had adapted the body's changes in action and evaluated the function and the appearance compared with the existing the clean room garment. The followings were summery of the results : 1. Back intersyce breadth decreased, trunk length increased and the other parts were not change. At a posture of raising hands($M_3$) in comparison with an upright posture($M_0$). Back intersyce breadth, hip length and knee length increased and the other parts were a little change. At a bowing posture($M_2$) in comparison with an upright posture($M_0$). Back hip girth, knee length, hip length and leg length increased and the other parts were not change. At a working posture on a chair($M_1$) in comparison with an upright posture($M_0$). 2. The overall clean room garment was made increasing on the changes of part of a body through measuring and body measurement. 3. From the test of the function, it became known that the devised clean room garment was superior to the existing one in the parts of neck, shoulder, armpit and elbow at a working posture on a chair($M_1$), in the parts of neck, shoulder, and armpit at a bowing posture($M_2$), and the armpit at a posture of raising hands($M_3$). The appearance was better on the whole. 4. From the examination of photographs, the waist line of the devised clean room garment was not so much pulled up as that of the existing one on moving. And when sitting down on a chair, the waist line of the existing one was pulled down while that of the devised one had no change. As above, we investigated the actual conditions of wearing the clean room garment and measured the body's changes according the various actions. So we applied these results to the devised clean room garment but we couldn't research the clean mom effect of it owing to not obtaining the measuring instrument. The aspect of ergonomics liked the feeling of wearing and fitted to the action must be given consideration to the clean room garment, and simultaneously the dust-resistant effect must be taken into consideration in order to improve the quality of the goods. Therefore, we think it should be continued the research on the dust-resistant effect, material, washing method, quality control, and size along with the aspect of ergonomics.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.616-625
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• 2017

Measurements using five real-time particle samplers were compared to measurements using three NRM (National Reference Method system) filter-based samplers(Gravimetric method) at Incheon, Korea, between May and August, 2014. The purpose of this study was to suggest the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) method of each instrument for use in a real-time continuous particle sampler to measure the mass of airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than $2.5{\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$). Five real-time particle samplers of BAM1020, FH62C_14, TEOM, PM-711 and SPM-613 were evaluated by comparing its measured 23 hr average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations with those measured with NRM filter-based samplers simultaneously. The parameters(e.g. Inlet heating condition, Slope factor, Film response, Intercept, Background, Span value) of the real-time samplers were optimized respectively by conducting test performance evaluation during 7 days in field sampling. For example, inlet heating temperature of TEOM sampler controls $35{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ to minimize the fluctuation of the real-time measurement data and background value of BAM1020 is the key factor affecting the accuracy of $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration. We classified the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration according to relative humidity (80%) to identify water absorbed in aerosols by measuring the ${\beta}$-ray samplers(BAM1020, FH62C_14) and TEOM. ${\beta}$-ray samplers were not strongly affected by relative humidity that the difference of the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was about 5%. On the other hand, The TEOM sampler overestimated $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration about 15% at low relative humidity (<80%).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2020

Objective : Fixation of the C1-2 segment is challenging because of the complex anatomy in the region and the need for a high degree of accuracy to avoid complications. Preoperative 3D-computed tomography (CT) scans can help reduce the risk of complications in the vertebral artery, spinal cord, and nerve roots. However, the patient may be susceptible to injury if the patient's anatomy does not match the preoperative CT scans. The intraoperative 3D image-based navigation systems have reduced complications in instrument-assisted techniques due to greater accuracy. This study aimed to compare the radiologic outcomes of C1-2 fusion surgery between intraoperative CT image-guided operation and fluoroscopy-guided operation. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the radiologic images of 34 patients who underwent C1-2 fusion spine surgery from January 2009 to November 2018 at our hospital. We assessed 17 cases each of degenerative cervical disease and trauma in a study population of 18 males and 16 females. The mean age was 54.8 years. A total of 139 screws were used and the surgical procedures included 68 screws in the C1 lateral mass, 58 screws in C2 pedicle, nine screws in C2 lamina and C2 pars screws, four lateral mass screws in sub-axial level. Of the 34 patients, 19 patients underwent screw insertion using intraoperative mobile CT. Other patients underwent atlantoaxial fusion with a standard fluoroscopy-guided device. Results : A total of 139 screws were correctly positioned. We analyzed the positions of 135 screws except for the four screws that performed the lateral mass screws in C3 vertebra. Minor screw penetration was observed in seven cases (5.2%), and major pedicle screw penetration was observed in three cases (2.2%). In one case, the malposition of a C2 pedicle screw was confirmed, which was subsequently corrected. There were no complications regarding vertebral artery injury or onset of new neurologic deficits. The screw malposition rate was lower (5.3%) in patients who underwent intraoperative CT-based navigation than that for fluoroscopy-guided cases (10.2%). And we confirmed that the operation time can be significantly reduced by surgery using intraoperative O-arm device. Conclusion : Spinal navigation using intraoperative cone-beam CT scans is reliable for posterior fixation in unstable C1-2 pathologies and can be reduced the operative time.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2015

To establish National Reference Method (NRM) for $PM_{2.5}$, operational performance of 5 different commercial gravimetric-based $PM_{2.5}$ measuring instruments was assessed at Bulkwang monitoring station from January 23, 2014 to February 28, 2014. First, physical properties, design, and functional performance of the instruments were assessed. Evaluation was carried out to determine whether operating method for the instruments and levels of QA/QC activities meet the data quality objectives (DQOs). To verify whether DQOs were satisfied, reproducibility of QA/QC procedures, accuracy, relative sensitivity, limit of detection, margin of error, and coefficient of determination of the instruments were also evaluated. Results of flow rate measurement of 15 candidate instruments indicated that all the instruments met performance criteria with accuracy deviation of 4.0% and reproducibility of 0.6%. Comparison of final $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentrations showed that the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) values were greater than or equal to 0.9995, and concentration gradient ranged from 0.97 to 1.03. All the instruments satisfied criteria for NRM with the estimated precision of 1.47~2.60%, accuracy of -1.90~3.00%, and absolute accuracy of 1.02~3.12%. This study found that one particular type of measuring instrument was proved to be excellent, with overall evaluation criteria satisfied.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.459-474
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• 2005

치아 모형 및 셋업 모형에서의 정확한 순설측 및 근원심 경사의 측정을 위해 개발된 셋업 모형 측정기로 4개의 제1소구치 발거 후 설측 교정치료를 시행 받은 22명의 성인 환자들의 치료 전후의 진단 모형 및 셋업 모형을 계측하여 설측 교정치료에서 간접 접착술식을 위해 사용되는 셋업 모형의 형태가 치료 결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 치료 전 진단 모형과 셋업 모형간의 상하악 6전치의 순설측 및 근원심 경사 차이는 각각 $-3.93{\pm}6.98^{\circ},\;1.87{\pm}5.79^{\circ}$ 였으며 셋업 모형과 치료 후 치아 모형간의 차이는 $-4.31{\pm}5.91^{\circ},\;-2.16{\pm}3.27^{\circ}$였다. 치료 후 치아 모형에서는 치료 전에 비해 상하악 전치부의 순설측 경사가 $-8.24{\pm}5.39^{\circ}$ 만큼 유의성 있게 변화되었다. 또한 facebow transfer 등을 통해 교합기에 치아 모형을 거상하지 않고도 셋업 모형 측정기만으로 치아 모형과 측모 두부방사선규격사진을 서로 연계하여 분석하는 방법을 고안하여 그 임상적용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 셋업 모형 측정기를 사용하여 진단용 모형으로부터 측정한 계측 게이지 각과 측모 두부방사선규격사진상에 동일한 계측점화 선분들을 작도하여 측정한 산출 게이지 각을 비교하였으며 그 결과 상하악 모두에서 유의성 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 셋업 모형 측정기를 사용하여 측모 두부방사선사진에서의 계측 치들을 진단용 모형에서의 계측치와 서로 연계시켜 분석하고 이를 셋업 모형 제작 시 반영하는 방법이 임상적으로 사용 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to analyze the home care services and to evaluate the client's satisfaction with the home care services provided by home care service center in the C hospital. The data were collected by reviewing charts of 128 home care clients who were receiving home care services at C hospital from October 1997 to September 2000. The subjects for satisfaction of home care service were 20 clients from July 10 to September 30, 2000. The tool for measurement of present condition of home care service was developed by the researchers. The satisfactions of the home care services were measured by using the instrument developed by Im(997). The data were analyzed by using the SPSS/PC+. The results of this study were as followings : 1. Majority of the subjects was female(61.7%). The average of age was 63.5 years. The service has been used mostly by the elderly 60 years of age or older(71.1%). The economic level of most of subjects was in middle class(94.5%). 2. Majority of the subject had a cancer(55.4%), following stroke(25.0%). The average duration of disease for the subjects was 31 months. The average time of hospitalization for the subjects was 3.3 times. The duration of hospitalization was 10$\sim$30 days(26.6%), 30$\sim$60 days(23.4%) and above of the 210 days(9.4%). 3. Most of the subjects used his/her doctor (47.7%), as a consultant, following his/her nurse (28.1%), other patients or their family (21.9%). Most of reasons for a consultation were supportive management(Infusion or medication, 60.94%), following tube management(L-tube or T-tube, 25%), Foley catheter management (15.63%) etc. 4. 28 types of nursing diagnoses were used by the home care service. The nursing diagnosis altered nutrition: less than body requirement were used mostly by the home care service, following risk for infection, impaired skin integrity, impaired swallowing, ineffective airway clearance altered comfort: pain, impaired physical mobility. By the human-response pattern, exchanging(63.2%), moving(7.5%), feeling(10.4%), knowing(5.2%), communicating (2.6%), relating(0.5%) perceiving(0.4%) and choosing(0.3%). There were 42 nursing intervention types were performed by the home care service. By the NIC(nursing intervention classification. McCloskey. Bulech. 1996). physiologic: complex (30.3%) was the most, safety(28.3%), behavioral(20.0%), physiologic: basic(10.8%) and health system(1.7%). Observation or assessment was the most nursing intervention performed by the home care service. following IV infusion. vital sign observation. infusion management and fluid-electrolyte balance management. 5. The level of client's satisfaction with provided home care services showed considerably high(2.67/ 3).

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

본 연구는 만성 B형 바이러스성 감염 환자의 간 기능 혈액 검사 수치와 간 섬유화 스캔 검사(FibroScan(R))의 비교 분석을 통한 간 섬유화 스캔 검사의 임상적, 기기적 융합 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 2015년 7월 1일부터 2016년 2월 28일까지 대전시 B내과에 내원한 만성 B형 바이러스성 감염 환자 75명의 간 섬유화 스캔 검사 결과와 간 기능 혈액검사 수치를 분석 하고 ROC곡선을 작성하였다. 알라닌 아미노전이요소, 아스파르테이트 아미노전이요소 수치가 각각 0.572, 0.502로 섬유화 수치와 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.000). 감마지티피, 총 빌리루빈, 알칼리성 인산분해효소 수치도 비교적 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 알파태아단백과 총 단백정량은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 알부민(-0.449)과 혈소판치(-0.373)도 섬유화 수치와 상관관계가 없었다(p<0.000). 간 섬유화 정도가 높은 등급일수록 ROC 곡선의 정확도가 증가하였으며 F4의 간 경변 단계에서 가장 큰 AUROC값을 나타냈다. 따라서 간 섬유화 스캔 검사는 만성 간질환 환자의 간 기능 수치인 알라닌 아미노전이요소, 아스파르테이트 아미노전이요소 수치와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 간의 염증 검사 및 만성 간질환 진단에 매우 유용한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-50
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• 2017

본 연구는 다문화 시대를 살아가는 유아들에게 필요한 타인종과 타문화에 대한 바른 이해와 수용에 기초한 배려적 사고 형성의 중요성을 근거로, 세계여러나라 프로젝트 활동이 유아의 다문화 수용성과 배려적 사고에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 경기도 Y시에 소재한 A어린이집의 만5세 유아 35명이며, 세계여러나라 프로젝트 활동을 경험하는 실험집단과 누리과정의 생활주제로 운영하는 통제집단으로 구성하여 실시하였다. 연구결과 세계여러나라 프로젝트 활동을 실시한 실험집단의 유아가 생활주제로 수업한 통제집단의 유아보다 다문화 수용성의 하위영역 중 다문화 개방성과 다문화 관계형성 능력에서 높은 점수를 나타냈으며, 배려적 사고에 있어서도 점수가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 세계여러나라 프로젝트 활동은 유아의 다문화 수용성과 배려적 사고에 긍정적인 효과를 나타낸다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

국내병원에 설치된 PET와 PET/CT의 영상품질관리와 방사능 피폭을 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는 환자에게 투여하는 F-18 FDG 방사능 측정에 사용하는 방사능 측정기에 따른 정도관리가 필요하다. F-18 FDG의 정확도와 정밀도를 방사능 측정기로 방사능을 측정하기 위해 시료제조 및 방사능을 측정하였다. F-18 FDG의 방사능 측정에 사용하는 방사능 측정기의 정확도와 정밀도를 파악하여 방사능 측정기에서 측정한 방사능을 보정하였다. 국내 의료기관의 PET 시스템 10대를 시간간격으로 측정하여 한국표준과학원에서 측정한 방사능을 기준 값으로 병원에서 측정한 방사능과 비교하여 정확도와 정밀도를 산출하였다. 정확도를 이용하여 팬텀에 주입하는 방사능을 보정함으로써 팬텀에 주입하는 방사능량에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하였다. F-18 FDG의 방사능 측정기의 정확도는 -5.00%에서 +4.50%, 정밀도 0.05%에서 0.45%으로 국제기준인 정확도 ${\pm}$10%, 정밀도 ${\pm}$5%를 모두 만족하였다. PET/CT 시스템들에 대한 정량적 비교 분석 자료는 PET/CT의 진단율을 높이는 효과가 기대된다.