• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 K-평균 군집화 알고리즘을 사용하는 머신러닝을 활용하여 무선 센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드의 에너지 효율성을 향상시켜 네트워크의 수명을 향상시키고자 한다. 무선 센서 네트워크는 물리적인 센서로 배터리를 포함한 물리적 장치를 무선 네트워크로 구성한 것으로 센서 노드의 특성 상 에너지 소비를 최소화하여 네트워크 수 명을 최대화하기 위해 모든 자원을 효율적으로 사용해야 한다. 클러스터기반 접근 방식은 상대적으로 많은 수의 노 들로 구성된 그룹을 관리하는데 사용된다. 제안된 프로토콜에서는 기존의 LEACH 알고리즘을 개선하여 클러스터 기반 접근방식과 위치기반 접근 방식을 사용하여 클러스터 헤드를 선정하는 클러스터링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 개선 하고자 했던 성능 결과를 Matlab 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험 결과를 통해 에너지 효율성 부분에 대해 K-means 클러스터링을 적용함으로써 에너지 효율이 개선되어 젠체 네트워크의 수명이 연장됨을 확인한다.

• 인터넷정보학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

The revelations made possible by Edward Snowden, a contractor of the US intelligence service NSA, are a sobering reminder that the Internet is not an 'anonymous' means of communication. In fact, the Internet has never been conceived with anonymity in mind. If anything, the Internet and networking technologies provide far more detailed and traceable information about where, when, with whom we communicate. The content of the communication can also be made available to third parties who obtain encryption keys or have the means of exploiting vulnerabilities (either by design or by oversight) of encryption software. Irrebuttable evidence has emerged that the US and the UK intelligence services have had an indiscriminate access to the meta-data of communications and, in some cases, the content of the communications in the name of security and protection of the public. The conventional means of judicial scrutiny of such an access turned out to be ineffectual. The most alarming attitude of the public and some politicians is "If you have nothing to hide, you need not be concerned." Where individuals have nothing to hide, intelligence services have no business in the first place to have a peek. If the public espouses the groundless assumption that State organs are benevolent "( they will have a look only to find out whether there are probable grounds to form a reasonable suspicion"), then the achievements of several hundred years of struggle to have the constitutional guarantees against invasion into privacy and liberty will quickly evaporate. This is an opportune moment to review some of the basic points about the protection of privacy and freedom of individuals. First, if one should hold a view that security can override liberty, one is most likely to lose both liberty and security. Civilized societies have developed the rule of law as the least damaging and most practicable arrangement to strike a balance between security and liberty. Whether we wish to give up the rule of law in the name of security requires a thorough scrutiny and an informed decision of the body politic. It is not a decision which can secretly be made in a closed chamber. Second, protection of privacy has always depended on human being's compliance with the rules rather than technical guarantees or robustness of technical means. It is easy to tear apart an envelope and have a look inside. It was, and still is, the normative prohibition (and our compliance) which provided us with protection of privacy. The same applies to electronic communications. With sufficient resources, surreptitiously undermining technical means of protecting privacy (such as encryption) is certainly 'possible'. But that does not mean that it is permissible. Third, although the Internet is clearly not an 'anonymous' means of communication, many users have a 'false sense of anonymity' which make them more vulnerable to prying eyes. More effort should be made to educate the general public about the technical nature of the Internet and encourage them to adopt user behaviour which is mindful of the possibilities of unwanted surveillance. Fourth, the US and the UK intelligence services have demonstrated that an international cooperation is possible and worked well in running the mechanism of massive surveillance and infiltration into data which travels globally. If that is possible, it should equally be possible to put in place a global mechanism of judicial scrutiny over a global attempt at surveillance.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.442-458
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• 2011

Digital textbook project is one of government-driven project to improve education due to integrating technology. Digital textbook need to be universally designed to fit for each student. Recently, universal design for learning( UDL) gains great attention as one of promising approaches for the development of the digital textbook through giving various options and flexibility to all students. UDL has three main principles, first provide multiple means of representation, second provide multiple means of action and expression, third provide multiple means of engagement. The purpose of the study is to analyze fourth grade science textbook according to three UDL guidelines and suggest implications to improve an existing science textbook. The results indicated that fourth grade science digital textbook has been partly applied UDL guidelines like implementing multimedia and multi- mode contents, learning and communication tools, and motivation strategies. But options which students can choose according to their needs and styles are insufficient and tools for expression and communication need to enhance for helping each student to overcome his/her obstacles for learning and need to be more and elaborate to support learner-centered science digital textbook.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.805-810
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• 2019

최근 4G 이동통신 제조업체의 대다수는 적응성이 우수한 중계를 선호하는 편이다. 본 논문에서는 LTE RF 중계기를 위한 새로운 LMF(: Least Means Fourth) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 LMF(: Least Means Fourth)를 수정한 것으로서, 스텝 사이즈를 적절하게 조절하고 Sign 함수에 따라 개선된 성능을 보이게 된다. 스텝사이즈 0.009인 제안된 LMF 알고리즘 평균 자승 에러는 약 -25dB로 낮은 수준이고, 평균 자승 에러 -25dB를 기준으로 기존 알고리즘보다 반복 회수가 500회 이상 빠르게 수렴된다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

Resorting to electronic arbitration to resolve disputes in international trade contracts is the most important reflection of technological progress on the reality of international commercial arbitration. Electronic is a modern image of traditional arbitration, and this type of arbitration provides many advantages that are not provided by any legal system for resolving disputes, including speed, effectiveness and lower costs. What will this development produce? Through technical progress in the means of communication, it has become conceivable that international trade dealers agree to arbitration via electronic means of communication, followed by the completion of the arbitration process via the Internet, leading to the issuance of the electronic arbitration award in an electronic manner as well.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

The World exposition is considered as a great event to promote the cultural exchanges of their own urbanism and share the technological developments among the various countries across the all over the world. So many countries in the world desired to host and take part in the EXPO, so far only few countries have had the chance to hold the event and show their uniqueness of urban culture, but we might say the past exhibition as those for display and publication of matters of science, technology and trade, now we must say expositions of the 21th century has come under variations on cultural and informational interchange and humanism from the global issue and problem. What makes possible to maximize the effort of reciprocal communication between people and the public can be the EXPO event as a means of the public information of the theme and this kind of event should suggest the public a message of the topic, message, image and even more the EXPO spirits and theme as an international event gives as much considerably spreading effect as its big scale. In that aspect, the pavilion for the exhibition of EXPO and public information should be recognized as a place for smoothly forming the activities of reciprocal communication between the society and the public, with such a aspect this study, as its purpose of improving as well as communication, concerns the process in projecting the space paradigm of pavilion in the EXPO and public message and information as a means of the communication of the global theme.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.114-119
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• 2006

Brand placement, or product placement(PPL) is one of alternative promotion means of the traditional advertising communication type, and its effectiveness is getting begger because of the increase of movies, video media, and TV networks. The product placement is a new type of advertising communication means that pays the price in the movies definitely. This study is a research on the effect of the product placement on the consumption behavior and brand image.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2022

Plain radiographic analysis is the initial imaging modality for suspected small bowel obstruction. Among the many features that affect the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction (SBO), the presence of gas-filled or fluid-filled small bowel loops is the most salient feature that can be automatized by computer vision algorithms. In this study, we compare three frequently applied pixel-clustering algorithms for extracting gas-filled areas without human intervention. In a comparison involving 40 suspected SBO cases, the Possibilistic C-Means and Fuzzy C-Means algorithms exhibited initialization-sensitivity problems and difficulties coping with low intensity contrast, achieving low 72.5% and 85% success rates in extraction. The Adaptive Resonance Theory 2 algorithm is the most suitable algorithm for gas-filled region detection, achieving a 100% success rate on 40 tested images, largely owing to its dynamic control of the number of clusters.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2019

Differential evolution (DE) is an uncomplicated and serviceable developmental algorithm. Nevertheless, its execution depends on strategies and regulating structures. The combination of several strategies between subpopulations helps to stabilize the probing on DE. In this paper, we propose a unique k-mean soft island model DE(KSDE) algorithm which maintains population diversity through soft island model (SIM). A combination of various approaches, called KSDE, intended for migrating the subpopulation information through SIM is developed in this study. First, the population is divided into k subpopulations using the k-means clustering algorithm. Second, the mutation pattern is singled randomly from a strategy pool. Third, the subpopulation information is migrated using SIM. The performance of KSDE was analyzed using 13 benchmark indices and compared with those of high-technology DE variants. The results demonstrate the efficiency and suitability of the KSDE system, and confirm that KSDE is a cost-effective algorithm compared with four other DE algorithms.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

As the response to climate change becomes a more pressing global issue, so do expectations for climate change in the green information and communication technology (ICT) industry and the possibility of solving environmental problems through ICT. However, because the green ICT industry is still in its early stages, there is little research on it. Understanding the startup ecosystem in the industry is helpful for recognizing innovation trends in emerging technologies such as green ICT. In this regard, this paper investigates the current state and characteristics of the green ICT ecosystem and presents implications based on an examination of startup venture capital investment trends and submarket identification in the green ICT industry as emphasized by the carbon neutrality paradigm shift. The analysis included 4,807 companies and 3,990 funding records, as well as exploratory data analysis and "k-means" clustering techniques.