• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.395-418
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of mathematical tasks on mathematical communication. Mathematical tasks were classified into four different levels according to cognitive demands, such as memorization, procedure, concept, and exploration. For this study, 24 students were selected from the 5th grade of an elementary school located in Seoul. They were randomly assigned into six groups to control the effects of extraneous variables on the main study. Mathematical tasks for this study were developed on the basis of cognitive demands and then two different tasks were randomly assigned to each group. Before the experiment began, students were trained for effective communication for two months. All the procedures of students' learning were videotaped and transcripted. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to analyze the data. The findings of this study point out that the levels of mathematical tasks were positively correlated to students' participation in mathematical communication, meaning that tasks with higher cognitive demands tend to promote students' active participation in communication with inquiry-based questions. Secondly, the result of this study indicated that the level of students' mathematical justification was influenced by mathematical tasks. That is, the forms of justification changed toward mathematical logic from authorities such as textbooks or teachers according to the levels of tasks. Thirdly, it found out that tasks with higher cognitive demands promoted various negotiation processes. The results of this study implies that cognitively complex tasks should be offered in the classroom to promote students' active mathematical communication, various mathematical tasks and the diverse teaching models should be developed, and teacher education should be enhanced to improve teachers' awareness of mathematical tasks.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.463-483
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• 2003

In the learning of mathematics, students experience the semiotic activities of representing and interpreting mathematical signs. We called these activities as the representing and interpreting of mathematical signs. On the foundation of Peirce's three elements of the sign, we analysed that students constructed the representamen to interpret the concept of correlation as for the object, "as one is taller, one's size of foot is larger" 4 middle school students who participated the gifted center in Seoul, arranged the statistical data, constructed their own representamen, and then learned the conventional signs as a result of the whole class discussion. In the process, students performed the detailed representing and interpreting of signs, depended on the templates of the known signs, and interpreted the process voluntarily. As the semiotic activities were taken place in this way, it was needed that mathematics teacher guided the representing and interpreting of mathematical signs so that the representation and the meaning of the sign were constructed each other, and that students endeavored to get the negotiation of the interpretants and the representamens, and to reach the conventional representing.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.221-237
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• 2004

This research analyzed mathematical discourse of the students in an RME-based differential equations course at a university in order to investigate the social transformation of the students' conceptual model of differential equations. The analysis focused on the change in the students' use of conceptual metaphor for differential equations and pedagogical factors promoting the change. The analysis shows that discrete and quantitative conceptual model was prevalent in the beginning of the semester However, continuous and qualitative conceptual model emerged through the negotiation of mathematical meaning based on the inquiry of context problems. The participation in the project class has a positive impact on the extension of the students' conceptual model of differential equations and increases the fluency of the students' problem solving in differential equations. Moreover, this paper provides a discussion to identify the pedagogical factors Involved with the transformation of the students' conceptual model. The discussion highlights the sociocultural aspect of teaching and learning of mathematics and provides implications to improve teaching of mathematics in school.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to explore the meaning of parent participation (PP), to clarify the concept of PP as a benefit to children and their families, and to increase understanding of PP in pediatric nursing practice. Methods: Walker and Avant's approach to concept analysis was used. A search of multidisciplinary literature published between 1994 and 2012 was undertaken using the keyword, 'parent participation' combined with hospitalized children. Attributes, antecedents and consequences were inductively derived from the citations analyzed (n=30). Results: PP was identified as having three attributes: Negotiation, Performing caring activity, Providing individualized care. Antecedents of PP were 'Parents & pediatric nurses' attitudes', 'Children's age', 'Children's conditions'. Consequences of PP were 'Effective partnership', 'Mutual empowerment'. Conclusion: Parent participation as defined by the results of this study should contribute a foundation for theory development in pediatric nursing practice.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.240-259
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• 2009

This study aimed to reveal that a local city was recreated by tourism, and to discover a general process in which the regional identity as a tourist destination was reconstructed. Specifically, firstly, this study suggested that the social construction of cultural tourist destinations was composed of a series of dynamic stages such as 'reinterpretation', 'institutionalization', and 'recognition' conceptually. Secondly, the dynamic stages were analyzed on the ethnographic study of Otaru where the movement of preservation of the historical canal was raised and strategies to attract tourism had been implemented. Thirdly, a main mechanism acting on each stage was examined. In conclusion, it was shown that the region was reinterpreted through the politics of identity and the meaning was institutionalized through political and economic negotiation. Moreover, while being established as a constructed authenticity by politics of memory, the regional identity was embedded in the socio-spatial consciousness constantly.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.244-260
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• 2006

The main objective of this study aims at analyzing the national roles of fisheries in the global economy from the constitutional view point. Globalization provides general firms and businessmen with great opportunities that allow them to be able to plan and operate their business strategies beyond the national boundaries. WTO and FTA negotiations must be important facilitators of such globalization. However, Korean primary industries like fisheries under comparative disadvantage have a high probability that there may have to be the trade-offs between the primary and the industrial sector to maximize national benefits in the process of bilateral and/or multilateral international trade deals. Since, moreover, fishermen face strong binding constraints under which they hardly carry out fishing operations standing aloof from national boarders, they have to manage fishing businesses within their own national territory, to maintain and develop fisheries culture, and to explore their own destiny for themselves. Because of such reasons, the constitution imposes upon the State the duty to support and develop fisheries and fishing villages. Considering its article and spirit associated with fisheries(i.e. article 123), it seems unnecessary at this point in time that Korean society makes debates over national consensus for supporting fisheries. The reason is because the explicit provisions of the constitution do not allow their arbitrary interpretation depending upon interests or policy situations. However, where national support to the particular sector could not meet the expected social value system, there would be a great deal of chance to invite serious societal debates over such national commitment to the fisheries. Therefore, whether using it efficiently and realizing the socially expected policy goals must be a responsibility of both fisheries administration and fishing industries.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.529-552
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• 2011

My essay aims at reading Ginsberg's "Howl" and "Kaddish" with the concept of 'shaman-prophet-poet' to illustrate the dynamic relationship between his poetics and radical politics. Throughout his widely-ranging career, Ginsberg represents himself as a poet-prophet and commands a typical rhetoric of revelation as a way of decentering Cold War orthodoxies. While well aware of the oppressive and pervasive power of the dominant post-war ideologies, he adopts 'madness' to oppose conventional political, social, and religious institutions; by way of entering into the madness of this world and actively engaging himself as a victim, he can finally heal both himself and the world. This dual function of poet characterizes his rhetoric of revelation, but it doesn't appeal to the mainstream of American critical ideology where the post-structural approach to language and subject gives a skeptical look at any account of active human agency and humanistic belief in the possibility of language. In "Howl" and "Kaddish," Ginsburg persuades the reader of the truth of his own vision through the convincing and realistic portraits of his contemporaries as well as his own mother and family. Different from his visionary predecessors such as Emerson and Whitman, Ginsberg knew the difficulty of a negotiation between history and divine vision, and attempted to imbricate his family, friends, and even the larger social and political units within his visionary experience in order to avoid naive idealism, escapism, or solipsism. Furthermore, he deconstructs the Logos of Western prophecy and replaces it with the groundless identity and the nontheistic epistemology of Buddhism, which, in turn, leads to emptying his powerful language of absolutist meaning and prevents his prophecy from becoming re-reified as divine essentialism. Ginsberg's idea of poet and poem revitalizes the skeptical view on language and literary representation of our contemporary critical community which is unwilling to engage the experimental scope of his radical prophecy.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2016

This study was aimed to analyze experiences of conflicts that women confront by participating in a conservative sport, baseball, and to figure out how they cope with these conflicts. In this respect, in-depth interviews were performed targeting 18 women who have been participating in a team registered in Women's Baseball Association for more than 1 year. Interview data went through classification of meaning and an analysis process of conceptualization and led to the following conclusion. First, the women's conflicts from their participation in baseball activities were revealed as the conflict between workplace and leisure activity, the conflict between significant others and leisure activity(objection by family and severance of interpersonal relations), and the conflict between sociocultural prejudice and leisure activity. Second, female baseball participants' strategies to cope with conflict situations were classified as making a group of supporters by persuasion and negotiation, active strategies(my own way and priority of life), and evasive measure(telling lies and avoidance of conflicts).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.797-802
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• 2023

In an environment where English is a foreign language, English learners can use AI voice chatbots in English-speaking practice activities to enhance their speaking motivation, provide opportunities for communication practice, and improve their English speaking ability. In this study, we propose a teaching-style AI voice chatbot that can be easily utilized by lower elementary school students and enhance their learning. To apply the Teachable Agent system to language learning, which is an activity based on tense, context, and memory, we proposed a new method of TA by applying the Teachable Agent to reflect the learner's English pronunciation and level and generate the agent's answers according to the learner's errors and implemented a Teachable Agent AI chatbot prototype. We conducted usability evaluations with actual elementary English teachers and elementary school students to demonstrate learning effects. The results of this study can be applied to motivate students who are not interested in learning or elementary school students to voluntarily participate in learning through role-switching.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.297-308
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• 2007

Inspired by the idea that classroom instruction proceeds through knowledge-sharing, this study examined different modes of knowledge-sharing that were realized in discursive practices in Korean secondary science classrooms. Data came from 9 science teachers. An interpretative strategy was employed to analyze the video-recording of the teachers' own science classrooms and transcriptions. The results showed four different modes of knowledge-sharing, including 'retrieving subject matter knowledge', 'reformulating subject matter knowledge', 'expansion and elaboration of understanding', and 'negotiation of meaning'. It was also revealed that there was a tie between an active mode of knowledge-sharing and scaffolding: the former allowed students to take active roles in discourses and the latter was one of the desired patterns of classroom interaction. It was suggested that further studies should be conducted to understand science instruction from more varied perspectives and to examine and utilize the detailed features of desired classroom practices like scaffolding.