• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.43-56
• /
• 1990

A nutrition survey of 198 children, 6 to 12 years old, in the Song Myeon Elementary School and Sam Song Elementary School, located in remote villages of Gaesan county, Chung Buk province, was undertaken between July 11 and 16, 1988, to investigate dietary and nutritional status. Mean values of height, weight, sitting height, arm circumference, girths of chest, and weight for height were 98%, 96%, 101%, 94%, 103% and 98%, respectively, of Korean standards. Compared with the standards for Korean children and values for Yun Jung Elementary School children of Youido, Seoul, anthropometric data of subjects surveyed showed slightly lower results than the standards and further lower results than those of Yun Jung Elementary School children. mean hematocrit value was 39.8±3.1%. 15.3% of subjects were proven to be anemic according to the hematocrit criterion established by the WHO. Mean urinary urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio was 7.9±3.3. Energy and nutrient intake were 61.2 to 134.4% of the RDA's; except for intake of ascorbic acid, most nutrients were below the RDA's. Carbohydrate provided 72% of total energy intake; protein accounted for 11%; fat provided 17%. Family environment, anthropometric data and results of biochemical tests were positively correlated with nutrient intake. The survey emphasizes the need for a nation wide school lunch program.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.107-111
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the stability between Mg-incorporated implant, TiUnite and Machined implant. Materials and Methods: Premolars of 3 Mini pigs (24 months) were extracted. After 2 months later, total 27 fixtures of implants (9 of each design : Machined/ TiUnite/ Mg-incorporated) were inserted into the mandible of 3 mini-pig. Implant stability was estimated by RFA in installation to 2, 4 & 6 weeks. Statistical analysis of RFA values was performed with time and between groups using repeated measure ANOVA and turkey's multiple comparison test. Results: In analyzing the mean value for the observation periods, three types of implants yielded a slight decrease in RFA mean value after 2 week, followed by increase at 4-6 weeks. Mg incorporated oxidized implants demonstrated significantly higher RFA mean values at 6 weeks comparing other groups. The difference of RFA value with time and between groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: We concluded that Mg implants may reduce failure rates of clinical implants In the early period of bone healing and Mg implants may shorten the bone healing time from surgery to functional loading.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Stress tends to cause sympathetic hyperactivity and increase blood cortisol levels. The vagus nerve is a parasympathetic nerve that is involved in relaxing the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve on stress hormone (cortisol) levels and heart rate variability (HRV) in humans. Methods: A total of 10 healthy subjects participated in the pilot experiment. All subjects underwent electrical vagus nerve stimulation for 20 minutes in the cymba conchae of the left ear. An electro cardiogram meter was used to measure HRV. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for cortisol levels. The standard deviation of all normal N-N intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low frequency, high frequency, and cortisol levels were compared in pre and post mean values after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Results: Coritsol levels were observed to decrease after vagus nerve electrical stimulation. The mean SDNN and RMSSD values were increased after the intervention, but not significantly. Conclusion: Vagus nerve electrical stimulation has been shown to increase the ability of the parasympathetic nerve to adapt to upward regulation and stress. Vagus nerve electrical stimulation could thus be an effective treatment for modern social psychological stress control.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 2008

Cornus controversa is a long-lived woody species mostly distributed in East Asia. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Korean populations of this species. A high level of genetic variation was found in seven populations of C. controversa. The mean genetic diversity (H) was 0.222 across populations, varying from 0.200 to 0.238. Eighty of the 93 loci (86.0%) showed detectable polymorphism in at least one population. Total genetic diversity values ($H_T$) varied between 0.192 and 0.231, giving an average overall polymorphic loci of 0.212. The interlocus variation of genetic diversity within populations ($H_S$) was high (0.167). Mean of genetic diversity in C. controversa was higher than average values for species with similar life history traits. The sexual reproduction, perennial habitat, and longevity are proposed as possible factors contributing to high genetic diversity. On a per locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations ($G_{ST}$) ranged from 0.169 to 0.278 with a mean of 0.216, indicating that about 21.6% of the total genetic variation was among populations. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=1.893) indicated that gene flow was extensive among Korean populations of C. controversa.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 1989

The author performed on epidemiological study of the TMD in 189 elderly people and 195 young people with Helkimo index. The clinical dysfunction index was based on data from clinical examination and the anamestic dysfunction index was based on data from the interview with the investigated person. The results were as follows : 1. In the elderly population, 27.5% reported that they had subjectively symptom of TMD but 43.4% had sign and symptoms of TMD in clinical examination. 2. The mean values for maximal opening differed significantly between elderly and young populations, 47.22mm and 51.44mm (p<0.001) and less than a 40mm opening was observed 7.9% in elderly population, 0.5% in young population (p<0.001). 3. The mean values for lateral movement to the right and left did not differ with age, which were 8.56mm and 8.47mm in elderly population, 8.90mm and 8.81mm in young population, but the mean value for protrusion differed significantly between elderly and young populations, 6.89mm and 7.64mm (p<0.01). 4. A higher incidence of TMJ noise was recorded in the elderly and young populations than young population, especially crepitus, but a higher incidence of clicking was recorded in young population (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2016

In this study, The code-carrier divergence test was applied to GPS measurements, and the results were compared and analyzed. The GPS data used for the threshold determination were obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System permanent stations built by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. At each permanent station, identical dual-frequency receiver and choke ring antenna with radome are installed. The analysis method, root mean square values were compared and analyzed for each permanent station and satellite. As a result, the root mean square value generally decreased as the satellite elevation angle increased although the trend was gentle. Threshold were finally selected based on the average and standard deviation of root mean square for each permanent station. For improving of availability and continuity in real-time operation when the threshold is over the limits, Code-Carrier divergence test values are initialized.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.156-161
• /
• 1988

Holstein cows being raised in the Kangweon district were examined on the values of hematology in infertile cows. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Erythrocyte count was 6.23$\pm$1.49$\times$106/㎣ 2. Hemoglobin was 10.6$\pm$2.00g/100ml 3. Hematocrit was 29.68$\pm$3.27ml/100ml 4. Mean corpuscular volume was 49.4$\pm$12.1$\mu$3 5. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin was 17.3$\pm$3.73pg 6. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was 35.7$\pm$6.37% 7. Thrombocytes were 324.06$\pm$88.11$\times$103/㎣ 8. Total leukocytes was 8.70$\pm$2.23$\times$103/㎣ 9. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monicytes, eosiniohils and basophis were 34.44$\pm$6.39, 53.82$\pm$5.84, 2.17$\pm$2.18, 9.10$\pm$3.85 and 0.50$\pm$1.80%, respectively.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.413-426
• /
• 2008

A wind tunnel study has been carried out to determine the influence of spacing between buildings on wind characteristics above rural and suburban type of terrain. Experiments were performed for two types of buildings, three-floor family houses and five-floor apartment buildings. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) models were generated by means of the Counihan method using a castellated barrier wall, vortex generators and a fetch of roughness elements. A hot wire anemometry system was applied for measurement of mean velocity and velocity fluctuations. The mean velocity profiles are in good agreement with the power law for exponent values from ${\alpha}=0.15$ to ${\alpha}=0.24$, which is acceptable for the representation of the rural and suburban ABL, respectively. Effects of the spacing density among buildings on wind characteristics range from the ground up to $0.6{\delta}$. As the spacing becomes smaller, the mean flow is slowed down, whilst, simultaneously, the turbulence intensity and absolute values of the Reynolds stress increase due to the increased friction between the surface and the air flow. This results in a higher ventilation efficiency as the increased retardation of horizontal flow simultaneously accompanies an intensified vertical transfer of momentum.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.11
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2017

In the ubiquitous environment, there has been a problem of transmitting data from various sensors at a long distance. Especially, in the process of integrating data arriving at different locations, data having different property values of data or having some loss in data had to be processed. This paper present a method to analyze such data. The core of this method is to define an objective function suitable for the problem and to develop an algorithm that can optimize this objective function. The objective function is used by modifying the OCS function. MFA (Mean Field Annealing), which was able to process only binary data, is extended to be applicable to fields with continuous values. It is called CMFA and used as an optimization algorithm.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2003

The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a difference in the Functional Ambulation Performance score of senior adults with or without a history of falls during walking at a preferred velocity. Twelve subjects with a history of falling (mean age=73.8) and eight subjects with no history of falling (mean age=70.4) participated in the study. Temporal and spatial parameters of gait were analyzed using the computerized GAITRite system. The GAITRite system integrates specific components of locomotion to provide a single, numerical representation of gait, the Functional Ambulation Performance score. The Functional Ambulation Performance score is a Quantitative means of assessing gait based on specific temporal and spatial parameters. Statistical analysis of the two groups demonstrated a significant decrease in Functional Ambulation Performance score for those with a history of falls. They had lower values for step/extremity ratios, mean normalized velocity, and greater values for step times, percent in double support. These results indicate that the GAITRite system can be useful in detecting footfall patterns and selected time and distance measurements of persons with a history of falls and the Functional Ambulation Performance score can be used as indicators of gait performance for senior adults with a history of falls.