• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1997

Campanulaceae having the most growing areas among medicinal crops cultivated in Korea occasionally failed to establish a reasonable standing in practice. The experiment was carried out to examine the effect of prechilling (0 : 4 : 8 days), light quality (red : white : dark) and daily irradiation hours (8 : 12 : 16) after sowing on seed germination and radicle elongation of Campanulaceae (Platycodon grandiflorum : Codonopsis lanceolata : C. pjlosula) to give an information on their earlier standing establishment. Mean germination rate of P. grandiflorum was the highest but that of C. pilosula was the lowest regardless of all the treatments. 12 hours irradiation or prechilling increased to 8 days enhanced their earlier or later germination, respectively. White light increased the rate of P. grandiflorum but alleviated that of C. lanceolata regardless of the daily irradiation hours. Although prechilling eliminated such effect of white light, light quality treatment effect on their mean germination rates was influenced by period after sowing, daily irradiation hours or prechilling. On the 9th day after sowing, C. lanceolata showed the greatest radicle length, and both daily 8 hours irradiation and 8 days prechilling enforced to elongate their radicles, while P. grandjflorum and C. lanceolata more lengthened their radicles in all prechilling treatments than in no chilling but C. pilosula showed the similar result only in the 8 days prechilling.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the seed storage method and seed germination characteristics of Synurus deltoides (Ait.) Nakai, a kind of wild vegetables. Several parameters affecting seed germination, such as germination temperature, chilling duration, imbibition duration, and storage method were evaluated. The seed germination of Synurus deltoides showed the highest germination rate (GR), promptness index (PI), germination performance index (GPI), mean daily germination (MDG) at 25℃. This implies that the optimum germination temperature was 25℃. And also, Seeds stored at -4℃, after 150 days showed relatively high germination rate about 98%. Therefore, The optimum germination temperature of Synurus deltoides was 25℃ and to increase the germination rate over 98% of Synurus deltoides, cold-wet storage 20 days treatments at 4℃ were effective in the improvement of seed germination.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2023

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C. Smith is used as a medicinal plant and cosmetic material in China and Southeast Asia. To mass-produce Kadsura coccinea seedlings, the effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and cold stratification treatments on seed germination were investigated. Seed germination rate with GA₃ treatment was most effective at concentrations of 250 or 500 mg/L. With respect to mean germination time (MGT), mean daily germination, and T₅₀ (days to reach 50% seed germination), the germination-promoting effect was improved as the concentration of GA₃ increased. Stem growth of seedlings was the highest following GA₃ treatments of 250 and 500 mg/L, and the growth promoting effect gradually decreased as the concentration of GA₃ decreased. Root growth was stimulated at GA₃ concentrations of 250-1,000 mg/L. Examination of the effect of stratification treatment for 15, 30 and 60 days at temperatures of 0, 5 and 10℃ on the germination rate revealed that the most stratification treatment temperature was 10℃, and the results improved with longer treatment periods. Altogether, GA₃ and stratification treatments improved the seed germination rate, shortened the MGT, improved germination uniformity, and produced healthy seedlings.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2021

Seed morphology, physiology and environmental conditions have influence on germination of any tropical seeds and their appropriate handling, processing and handling enhances seeds emergent. This study therefore investigated effects of storage durations under different temperatures on germination of Bombax costatum seeds from different provenances. Fresh 25 seeds of B. costatum in four replicates were collected from four different provenances (Aponmu, Oluwa, Ibadan and Oyo). They were surface sterilized, thoroughly washed in distilled water and stored at four different temperature regimes: 28℃, 21℃, 5℃ and -17℃. Samples were taken every 2 months for germination test for 18 months. Germination assessment was carried out daily and recorded. The experimental design was 4×4×10 factorial in 4 replicates. Data were subjected to percentages and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that there were significant differences among storage temperatures, storage durations and provenances on germination percentage. Freshly collected seeds from Aponmu and Oyo had the highest mean germination of 100% followed by seeds from Ibadan (89.3%). Seeds from Oyo provenance stored 5℃ had germination of 94.0%, 88.70% and 78.7% at 2nd, 4th and 6th month respectively. Seeds from Ibadan and Oyo stored at 28℃, 21℃ recorded 0.0% starting from 8 months of storage. Germination of B. costatum seeds from the four provenances decreased with increase in storage duration at different temperatures.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2003

The present experiment was done to determine the effect of priming, $GA_3$ and prechilling treatment alone and in their combination on germination of gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) seeds. Priming using $KNO_3$ and $GA_3$ were treated with different concentrations and periods whereas prechilling was done at only different periods. FR-yongjadaemok and FR-kunghap were used as test cultivars and their daily germination rates were measured at treatment levels. The best germination rate of each treatment was shown in a week prechilling at $3^{\circ}C$, a day priming with 100 mM $KNO_3$ and a day treatment with 0.01 mM $GA_3$ although the prechilling had the highest rate among them. The rate of priming treated after the prechilling was continuously decreased with its longer treatment periods and was less than no-priming. In addition, the rate of $GA_3$ treatment after the prechilling was not affected by its concentrations and treatment periods. Priming and $GA_3$ treatments before the prechilling, however, showed similar germiabilities between their treatment levels including no-treatment. The results mean that sequential order of available presowing treatments is important to enhancing the rate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1096-1105
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• 2008

This study was carried out to identify the optimum condition for priming, as a series of experiments for the enhancement of germination percentage and germination synchronization in cool-season turfgrass seeds. The optimum priming conditions to maximize the germinability in both Kentucky bluegrass and Tall fescue was a 1 day treatment of 100 mM $K_3PO_4$ at $25^{\circ}C$. The seeds treated with the optimum priming condition enhanced the germinability compared to control, and shortened the time for germination with reduced $T_{50}$ and mean daily germination (MDG). However, as the concentration and treatment period of NaOH or KOH increased, significantly decrease in germination percentage was observed. Germination percentage in Creeping bentgrass and Bentgrass was below 10%, regardless of priming treatment. However, the priming treatment with 200 mM $KNO_3$ for three days improved the germination up to 6%, which was not a statistically significant level. The most effective priming period for Kentucky bluegrass and Tall fescue was one day treatment, but the germinability was suppressed as the treatment period was extended until six days. For priming chemical treatment, germinability was improved with the concentration of 100 mM, while it was reduced at higher concentrations of 200 mM and 300 mM.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine an appropriate coating method for mechanized sowing of small and light Italian ryegrass seeds. In the case of manufacturing coated seeds, 2% PVA was superior as an adhesive compared to PVP and Tween80. Calcium carbonate + talc adhered to the seeds smoothly and well and the seed weight was higher than that of the other coating materials. The germination percentage of seeds coated with calcium carbonate + talc was 95.8%, which was not significantly different from 96.5% of the control group, but the mean daily germination was the highest. As the coverage ratio of calcium carbonate + talc increased, the strength tended to increase when coated at 1.5 times the seed weight. There was no difference in the germination rate and plant height compared to the control group according to the coverage ratio.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.404-410
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• 2019

This study was performed to investigate the seed morphological characteristics and dormancy type of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara that high valued medicinal crop and to select the disinfectants and light quality for germination rate improvement. The seed disinfection was carried out using distilled water (control), NaClO 4%, $H_2O_2$ 4%, and benomyl $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The light quality treatments were set to dark condition (control I), fluorescent lamp (control II), LEDs [red, blue, green, and combined RB LEDs (red:blue = 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8)] with a photoperiod of 12/12 (light/dark) and light intensity $150{\pm}10{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ photosynthetic photon flux density. Although the Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seed was an underdeveloped embryo (E) and seed (S) with an embryo (E):seed (S) ratio of 0.4, it is germinated within 30 days, and seed moisture saturation was reached within 6 hours after immersion. After seed disinfection, the mold incidence rate was significantly inhibited, and the final germination rate was the highest at 87% in the benomyl seed disinfection. The final germination rate was the highest at 92% in the red light, and the mean daily germination was the lowest in the R2B8. Therefore, there is almost no dormancy in the Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seed, and benomyl seed disinfectant and red light were effective in the improvement of germination rate. So it is considered to the high value of use for medicinal crop Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2001

Dormancy of intact zoysiagrass seeds hinders its seed propagation in which presowing seed treatment must be done to overcome it. The study was done to remodel the presowing treatments of zoysiagrass seeds by determining the treatment effects of seedcoat softening, prechilling, drying and combined light treatment with them or during germination stage. Seedcoat softening with different chemicals (NaOH 20%, KOH 20%, $H_2SO_4\;8M, acetone 20%) and periods (10, 30, 60 min.), prechilling with different periods at 3$^{\circ}C$, and drying with 4 hours at 35$^{\circ}C$ was done. Light sources were also applied with 660 nm red LED light, commercial fluorescent and incandescent light and darkness. Germination test was done in alternative day and night temperature of 35 and 2$0^{\circ}C$ to check the daily germination rates. With seeds treated with NaOH 20% for 30 minutes, red and incandescent light showing similar responses inclined their germination rates compared to dark conditions. Drying resulted in its higher rate than non-drying but fluorescent light treatment forced during drying more enhanced the rate than red light. While mean germination rate considering all the seedcoat softening treatment periods was the greatest in $H_2SO_4$ in comparison with NaOH, KOH and acetone, NaOH treatment for 30 minutes showed the best rate among the all the treatment levels. In the conditions of sowing them to no-mulching field, presowing treatment procedure of zoysiagrass seeds was remodeled: the seedcoat softening treatment with NaOH 20% for 30 minutes was done, washed, and chilled at 3$^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks before dried under 4 hour fluorescent light illumination at 35$^{\circ}C$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Responses of Botryosphaeria dothidea to interrupted wetness periods were investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Conidia of B. dothidea were allowed to germinate on apple fruits under wetting condition at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr. They were air-dried for 0, 1, 2 or 4 hr, and then rewetted at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr. Following an initial wetness period of 5 hr, 83% of the conidia germinated. The percent conidial germination increased to 96% when wetting was extended continuously another 5 hr. However, no further conidial germination was observed when wetting was interrupted by dry periods of 1, 2 and 4 hr, resulting in 83, 81 and 82%, respectively. The mean length of the germ tubes was $37{\mu}m$ after 5 hr of wetting and elongated to $157{\mu}m$ after 10 hr of continuous wetting. On the other hand, interruption of wetting by a dry period of 1 hr or longer after the 5 hr of initial wetting arrested the germ tube elongation at approximately $42{\mu}m$ long. Prolonged rewetting up to 40 hr did not restore germ tube elongation on slide glasses under substrate treatments. Model simulation using weather data sets revealed that ending infection periods by a dry period of at least 1 hr decreased the daily infection periods, avoiding the overestimation of infection warning. This information can be incorporated into infection models for scheduling fungicide sprays to control apple white rot with fewer fungicide applications.