• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4211-4214
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• 2015

Background: Prognostic value of prophylactic level VII nodal dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma has been highlighted. Materials and Methods: A total of 27 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with N0 neck underwent total thyroidectomy with level VI and VII nodal dissection through same collar neck incision. Multicentricity, bilaterality, extrathyroidal extension, level VI and VII lymph nodes were studied as separate and independent prognostic factors for DFS at 24 months. Results: 21 females and 6 males with a mean age of 34.6 years old, tumor size was 5-24 mm. (mean 12.4 mm.), multicentricity in 11 patients 2-4 foci (mean 2.7), bilaterality in 8 patients and extrathyroidal extension in 8 patients. Dissected level VI LNs 2-8 (mean 5 LNs) and level VII LNs 1-4 (mean 1.9). Metastatic level VI LNs 0-3 (mean 1) and level VII LNs 0-2 (mean 0.5). Follow-up from 6-51 months (mean 25.6) with 7 patients showed recurrence (3 local and 4 distant). Cumulative DFS at 24 months was 87.8% and was significantly affected in relation to bilaterality (p-value <0.001), extrathyroidal extension (p-value <0.001), level VI positive ((p-value <0.001) and level VII positive ((p-value <0.001) LNs. No recurrences were detected during the follow-up period in the absence of level VI and level VII nodal involvement. Conclusions: Level VII prophylactic nodal dissection is an important and integral prognostic factor in papillary thyroid carcinoma. A larger multicenter study is crucial to reach a satisfactory conclusion about the necessity and safety of this approach.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1971

The author measured the maximum interincisal distance by means of the sliding caliper. The subjects measured here were 149 healthy Korean males and 229 females, ranging from 15 to 49 years old, with normal occlusion. The results were as follows; 1. The mean value of maximum interincisal distance was $50.03{\pm}0.22mm$. in male and $45.18{\pm}0.14mm$. in female. 2. There was a significant difference in the mean value between male female. 3. The interincisal distances in maximum opening were slightly larger in male than female. 4. There was no significant difference in the mean value between the age groups in Korean adults. But it has been revealed that there was apparent difference in the mean value between 15~19 years and 20~29 years old, in female. 5. It has been appeared that maximum interincisal distance in male was 69mm, minimum 37mm., and maximum interincisal distance in female was 58mm. minimum. 30mm.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Let q > 1 be an odd integer and c be a fixed integer with (c, q) = 1. For each integer a with $1{\leq}a{\leq}q-1$, it is clear that the exists one and only one b with $0{\leq}b{\leq}q-1$ such that $ab{\equiv}c$ (mod q). Let N(c, q) denote the number of all solutions of the congruence equation $ab{\equiv}c$ (mod q) for $1{\leq}a$, $b{\leq}q-1$ in which a and $\bar{b}$ are of opposite parity, where $\bar{b}$ is defined by the congruence equation $b\bar{b}{\equiv}1$ (modq). The main purpose of this paper is using the mean value theorem of Dirichlet L-functions to study the mean value properties of a summation involving $(N(c,q)-\frac{1}{2}{\phi}(q))$ and Kloosterman sums, and give a sharper asymptotic formula for it.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.733-746
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• 2009

For any integer k $\geq$ 2, let P(c, k + 1;q) be the number of all k+1-tuples with positive integer coordinates ($a_1,a_2,...,a_{k+1}$) such that $1{\leq}a_i{\leq}q$, ($a_i,q$) = 1, $a_1a_2...a_{k+1}{\equiv}$ c (mod q) and 2 $\nmid$ ($a_1+a_2+...+a_{k+1}$), and E(c, k+1; q) = P(c, k+1;q) - $\frac{{\phi}^k(q)}{2}$. The main purpose of this paper is using the properties of Gauss sums, primitive characters and the mean value theorems of Dirichlet L-functions to study the hybrid mean value of the r-th hyper-Kloosterman sums Kl(h,k+1,r;q) and E(c,k+1;q), and give an interesting mean value formula.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2007

A new approach based on mean value coordinate combined with Laplacian coordinate is proposed for shape deformation of a large polygon model composed of triangular net. In the method, the spherical mean value coordinates for closed control meshes is introduced to describe a vertex in the triangle meshes to be deformed. Furthermore, the well known quardratic least square method for the Laplacian coordinates is employed in order to deform the control meshes. Because the mean value coordinates are continuous and smooth on the interior of control meshes, deforming operation of control meshes change the shape of polygon model while preserving the intrinsic surface detail. The effectiveness and validity of this novel approach was demonstrated by using it to deform large and complex polygon models with arbitrary topologies.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2010

Purpose: The aims of this study is to examine the relationships among spiritual well-being, aggression and happiness of the students in two Christian Universities. Methods: The data were collected from 486 students who were attending Christian Universities in Jeonbuk province. General characteristics, mean value, and correlations were performed using SPSS 18.0 Program to analyze the data. Results: The mean value of the spiritual well-being was 72.03 (SD=9.80), the mean value of aggression was 67.56 (SD=13.90), and the mean value of happiness was 19.54 (SD=4.23). Relationships between spiritual well-being and aggression showed negative correlation ((r=-.251, p<.01), between spiritual well-being and happiness showed positive correlation (r=.455, p<.01), and between happiness and aggression showed negative correlation (r=-.305, p<.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of education programs for personality training and curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 1993

Among k independent normal populations with unknown means and a common unknown variance, the problem of detecting the population with the largest absolute value of mean is considered. This problem is formulated in a manner close to the framework of testing hypotheses, and the maximum error probability and the minimum power are considered. The power charts necessary to determine the sample size are provided. The problem of detecting the population with the smallest absolute value of mean is also considered.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2006

Many software reliability growth models (SRGMs) based on nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) have been developed and applied in practice. NHPP SRGMs are characterized by their mean value functions. Mean value functions are usually derived from differential equations representing the fault detection/removal process during testing. In this paper such differential equations are regarded as frameworks for generating mean value functions. Currently available frameworks are theoretically discussed with respect to capability of representing the fault detection/removal process. Then two general frameworks are proposed.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2013

We propose a mean value function for software failures in NHPP software reliability model. And we deal with the maximum likelihood estimation and the least squares estimation in the proposed mean value function. The explicit mean value function solution for the proposed model is presented by MLE and LSE in two data sets. The values of SSE and MSE is presented in two data sets by MLE and LSE. We compare the predicted number of faults with the actual two data sets using the proposed mean value function.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

Let p be an odd prime and c be a fixed integer with (c, p) = 1. For each integer a with $1{\leq}a{\leq}p-1$, it is clear that there exists one and only one b with $0{\leq}b{\leq}p-1$ such that $ab{\equiv}c$ mod p. Let N(c, p) denote the number of all solutions of the congruence equation $ab{\equiv}c$ mod p for $1{\leq}a$, $b{{\leq}}p-1$ in which a and $\bar{b}$ are of opposite parity, where $\bar{b}$ is defined by the congruence equation $b{\bar{b}}{\equiv}1$ mod p. The main purpose of this paper is using the mean value theorem of Dirichlet L-functions and the properties of Gauss sums to study the computational problem of one kind mean value function related to $E(c,p)=N(c,p)-{\frac{1}{2}}{\phi}(p)$, and give its an exact computational formula.