• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1569-1579
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of grief experience, family hardiness and family resource for management after bereavement of a family member. The subjects of this study were 100 family members who had lost a family member from cancer within the past two years. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows. 1. The mean score for the level of grief was 2.84 $\pm$ 0.66. The mean score for the a family hardiness was 3.08 $\pm$ 0.39. The mean score for the level of family resource management was 2.70 $\pm$ 0.35. 2. The level of grief experience differed respondent's age was F=2.95, p=.02, and type of bereavement was t=2.01, p=.04. 3. The level of family hardiness was not significantly different according to respondent's and familial characteristics. 4. The level of family resource management differed according to monthly income of the family (F=3.98, p=.01). 5. There were negative correlations between grief experience and family hardiness (r= -.551, p<.001), grief experience and family resource for management (r=-.351, p<.001). Family hardiness was positively related with family resource for management (r=.709, p<.001). In conclusion, family hardiness and family resource management were identified as important variables that contributed to reduce the grief experience. Therefore, it is important to develop nursing intervention that enhances family hardiness and family resource for management for bereaved family.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2007

Objective : In a variety of thoracolumbar diseases, corpectomy followed by interbody bone graft and anterior instrumentation has allowed direct neural decompression and reconstruction of the weight-bearing column by short segments fusion. In this study, we compared spinal stability of the two different anterior thoracolumbar instruments : Z-plate and Kaneda device representing plate and two-rods type, respectively. Methods : A retrospective review was performed for all the patients with thoracolumbar diseases or traumas treated with anterior corpectomy, autologous iliac bone graft, and fixation with instruments from 1996 to 2000. For the anterior instrumentation, Z-plate or Kaneda device was used for 24 [M:F=5:9, average age=37] and 12 [M:F=9:3, average age=41] patients, respectively. The plain AP and lateral flexion-extension films were taken immediately after surgery and at each follow-up. The sagittal and coronal Cobb's angles at the operation segments were used to observe the change of initial fixation status. The surgical time length and bleeding amount of the two groups were compared. Intra-operative and post-operative instrument associated complications were evaluated. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis and p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results : Mean follow-up durations for Z-plate and Kaneda device were 24 and 21 months, respectively. The fusion rate was 91% for Z-plate and 100% for Kaneda device. Two cases of Z-plate group showed instrumentation failure during the follow up period, in which additional surgery was necessary. The mean differences of sagittal Cobb's angles among the AP images immediate after surgery and at follow-up were 7 and 2 degrees for Z-plate and Kaneda device, respectively [p<0.05]. The mean differences of coronal Cobb's angles were 5 and 2 degrees for Z-plate and Kaneda device, respectively [p<0.05]. No Intra-operative complication has occurred in both groups. There was no difference in surgery time and bleeding amount between two groups. Conclusion : We think that Kaneda device [rod type] is stronger than Z-plate [plate type] to keep the spinal stability after anterior thoracolumbar surgery.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.124-136
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• 2002

In the present study we have attempted to explore the relationship between family support that young people receive and the level of Ego Identity that they develop. We started the present study with the purpose of providing parish nurses with some basic data for nursing intervention for family and school nursing, as well as for community health care. We conducted the present study during the period of October 15, 2001 through November 5, 2001. The objects of this study were Inmunge High School students chosen from a school in Daejon. The subject students were selected randomly from each grade in that school. The numbers of subjects selected were 120 boys and 113 girls (total: 233). The research tool that we used to measure perceived family support received by students was one that Ga Eon Lee revised for high school students on the basis of Cobb's theory. To measure the subject students' Ego Identity level we used Bong Yon Sho's 'Ego Identity Scale', that he revised from Dignan's 'Ego Identity Scale' for Korean high school students. Data were analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0 program using statistics of frequencies, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings of the present study indicate that: 1) The mean of family support that the subject students feel that they received was 39.99 on the family support scale, and the mean of the students on the Ego Identity scale was 186.16. 2) The support that the subjects received from their own family had a statistically significant correlation with their Ego Identity (r=.93, p=.00). 3) Various factors had a significant correlation with the level of family support perceived by the subjects: the subject's grade (F=3.35, p=.04), the subject's religion (t=6.39, p=.00), the family's economic situation (F=9.14, p=.00), the birth order (F=27.61. p=.00), the father's education (F=23.17, p=.00), the mother's education (F=28.70, p=.00), parental relationship (F=2657.03, p=.00), and the structure of the family (F=-9.65. p=.00). 4) Various factors had a significant correlation with the level of the subject's Ego Identity: the subjects religion (t=6.20, p=.00), the family's economic situation (F=12.56, p=.00), the birth order (F=22.85, p=.00), the father's education (F=10.37, p=.00), the mother's education (F=20.69, p=.00), parental relationship (F=938.73. p=.00), and the structure of the family (F=-8.74, p=.00). 5) Analyzing sources of support within the family, family members whom the subjects trust most (F=3.08, p=.03) and family members to whom they talk most (F=5.85, p=.00) showed the most significant differences. Analyzing sources of support within the family that affect the level of the subjects' Ego Identity, family members whom the subjects trust most (F=3.30. p=.02) and family members to whom they talk most also showed the most significant differences.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2016

This study examined the empathic ability and communication ability of nursing students according to Myers-Briggs type indicator(MBTI) personality type. This study was a cross sectional survey and the data was collected from 127 nursing students by means of self-reported questionnaires from October 5 to 30, 2015. The data collected was analyzed on SPSS win 18.0. Fourteen personality types were observed in this study participants. The SF type was the highest with a mean of 3.77 in empathic ability according to 4 functions of MBTI and the NF type was the highest with a mean of 3.81 in communication ability according to 4 functions of MBTI. The SP type and NF type was the highest with a mean of 3.71 in the empathic ability according to the 4 temperaments of MBTI and the NF type was the highest with a mean of 3.81 in the communication ability according to 4 temperaments of MBTI. Significant differences in the communication ability were observed according to 4 functions (F=3.194, p=.026) and 4 temperaments (F=3.004, p=.033) of MBTI. Further study will be needed to identify the effects of a self-understanding program on the empathic ability and communication ability. It is important to understand the nursing students' diversity and reflect it in a school curriculum.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the needs for hospice care and quality of life in cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected from 127 cancer patients hospitalized at a university hospital in Chonbuk between October, 2006 to March, 2007. Two instruments were used: cancer patients' need for hospice care, developed by Kang and Kim and quality of life developed by Tae et al. Results: The mean scores were 3.11 out of 4 for hospice care needs, and 5.25 out of 10 for quality of life. The correlation between needs for hospice care and quality of life was moderate and negative (r=-0.395, P<0.01). Among the four groups of needs, physical need was the most strongly correlated with quality of lifer (r=-0.388, P<0.01). The need for hospice care was significantly different according to participants' religion (t=6.02, P<0.05), and duration of disease (F=3.45, P< 0.05). Quality of life was significantly different according to participants' monthly income (F=3.38, P<0.05). cancer stage (F=8.10, P<0.01) and chemotherapy (t=6.09, P=0.015). Conclusion: The results suggested that the cancer patients' hospice care needs should be answered in order to improve their quality of life. While doing so, participants' characteristic need should also be considered.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.487-494
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• 2010

Cooked pork can be easily contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus during carriage and serving after cooking. This study was performed to develop growth prediction models of S. aureus to assure the safety of cooked pork. The Baranyi and Gompertz primary predictive models were compared. These growth models for S. aureus in cooked pork were developed at storage temperatures of 5, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$. The specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) values were calculated. The Baranyi model, which displayed a $R^2$ of 0.98 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.27, was more compatible than the Gompertz model, which displayed 0.84 in both $R^2$ and RMSE. The Baranyi model was used to develop a response surface secondary model to indicate changes of LT and SGR values according to storage temperature. The compatibility of the developed model was confirmed by calculating $R^2$, $B_f$, $A_f$, and RMSE values as statistic parameters. At 5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$, $R^2$ was 0.88, 0.99 and 0.99; RMSE was 0.11, 0.24 and 0.10; $B_f$ was 1.12, 1.02 and 1.03; and $A_f$ was 1.17, 1.03 and 1.03, respectively. The developed predictive growth model is suitable to predict the growth of S. aureus in cooked pork, and so has potential in the microbial risk assessment as an input value or model.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.255-265
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• 2003

This study was conducted to provide a baseline data for hospice nurses to improve their practices for the spiritual wellbeing of their clients. Analysis of the spiritual wellbeing status of hospice patients was conducted from April 20 to June 20, 2002. A total of 59 cancer patients who admitted to hospice care units of one university medical center, and who have alert mental status were recruited for the study. Paloutzian and Ellison (982) spiritual wellbeing scale and Jungho Kang (996) scale, which was modified for the cancer patients, were used as the study instruments, ANOVA and T-test were applied using SPSS win 10.0 for statistical analysis. The results are as follows : 1. The mean spiritual wellbeing score of the hospice patients was $49.76(SD\pm7.95)$. When it was converted into 4 point scale, the mean score for the spiritual wellbeing was 2.49. The mean religious wellbeing score was $24.17 (SD\pm5.56)$ and that of the existential wellbeing was $25.59 (SD\pm3.10)$. 2 The mean score for the total spiritual wellbeing was $52.54 (SD\pm8.12)$ for female, and $47.86 (SD\pm6.95)$ for male and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.305, p=.025), 3. In testing the spiritual wellbeing, there was significant difference according to the religion (F=28.931, p=.000). 4. In testing the religious wellbeing, the mean score was $22.77 (SD\pm5.35)$ for male, and $26.20 (SD\pm5.32)$ for female and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.430, p=.019). 5. In testing the religious wellbeing, there was significant difference according to the religion (F=37.522, p=.000). However, the religious wellbeing was not different according to the age, occupation, marital status and education level. 6. In testing the existential wellbeing. there was significant difference according to the religion (F=8.147, p=.000). However, mean score for the existential wellbeing was not significantly different according to sex, age, occupation, marital status and education level. 7. In testing the existential wellbeing, there was significant difference according to the level of vigor (F=3.662, p=.032), while no difference was observed in the existential wellbeing according to the general health status, degree of pain, and diagnosis. From the results described above it can be concluded that : To improve the spiritual wellbeing status of hospice patients, hospice nurses should identify spiritual needs of the patients according to the religion. gender and the level of vigor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wearing disposable diaper with the endothermic agent on thermoregulatory response of infant. Five healthy female infants aged about 5 months were taken as a subject of this experiment. Experimental diapers were six kinds of disposable diaper constructed of nonwoven tissue, fluff pulp, super absorbent polymer, back sheet film, leg elastic, and 0g urea(A) 1g urea(B) , 2g urea(C), 3g urea (D), 4g urea(E) 5g, urea(F) respectively. Urea(98% or over purity) was used as an endothermic agent. Experiment was proceeded while infants were sleeping at 27.5$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R.H, 0.04m/sec. Each disposable diaper's properties was tested. During the experiment rectal temperature skin temperature of 9 areas temperature inside the disposable diapers were measured, the results were as follows : 1) There was not significant difference among the diapers in absorption capacity retention capacity and rewet(p=0.05). The absorption under load was showed to A, B,

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2015

The fleshy shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, is the family of Penaeidae and one of the most economically important marine culture species in Korea. However, its genetic characteristics have never been studied. In this study, a total of 240 wild F. chinensis individuals were collected from four locations as follows: Narodo (NRD, n = 60), Beopseongpo (BSP, n = 60), Chaesukpo (CSP, n = 60), and Cheonsuman (CSM, n = 60). Genetic variability and the relationships among four wild F. chinensis populations were analyzed using 13 newly developed microsatellite loci. Relatively high levels of genetic variability (mean allelic richness = 16.87; mean heterozygosity = 0.845) were found among localities. Among the 52 population loci, 13 showed significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Neighbor-joining, principal coordinate, and molecular variance analyses revealed the presence of three subpopulations (NRD, CSM, BSP and CSP), which was consistent with clustering based on genetic distance. The mean observed heterozygosity values of the NRD, CSM, BSP, and CSP populations were 0.724, 0.821, 0.814, and 0.785 over all loci, respectively. These genetic variability and differentiation results of the four wild populations can be applied for future genetic improvement using selective breeding and to design suitable management guidelines for Korean F. chinensis culture.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2004

The applicability of the combined nearly ideal binary solvent/Redlich-Kister (CNIBS/R-K) equation for correlation of various solvatochromic parameters (SP) with composition is shown employing 84 experimental data sets for aqueous and organic binary solvent systems at temperatures ranging 15 to $75^{\circ}C$. The model provides a simple computational model to correlate/predict different SP values in various binary solvent systems. In proposed equations, $MPD_s$ (mean percentage deviations) are between 0.0500% and 6.9591% in mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide with 2-methylpropan-2-ol and benzene with 2-methylpropan-2-ol, respectively. Correlation of the calculated and experimental values of various SP give an equation with an overall mean percentage deviation (OMPD) of 1.1900, $R^2$ = 0.99692, s.e = 0.01223 and F = 341925.51. Approximately 70% of the calculated SP values have IPD (individual percentage deviation) lower than one and it is possible to predict unmeasured SP values by using only eight experimental data.