• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.649-658
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• 2020

This study compared aroma compositions and sensory aroma attributes of raw and cooked Tenebrio molitor larvae (mealworms). Main sensory aroma attributes of raw mealworms were strong wet-soil-like, and less-intense oily, shrimp-like and sweet-corn-like. Quantitatively, the major aroma components of raw mealworms were hydrocarbons and aldehydes. As cooking proceeded, sweet-corn-like, roasted, and fried-oil-like sensory attributes were increasingly perceived with steaming, roasting, and frying, respectively. Some pyrazines, pyrrolidines, and carbonyls increased or appeared in roasted and fried mealworms. Partial least squares regression also showed differences in raw and cooked mealworms based on aroma components and their sensory attributes. Unlike raw mealworms, steamed mealworms had a relatively strong sweet-corn-like aroma attribute, which was related to 2,4,6-trimethyl-heptane, 2,4-dimethyl-dodecane, and 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one. In comparison, roasted and fried mealworms exhibited roasted, shrimp-like, and fried-oil-like aroma attributes, which were associated with intermediates of the Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation, such as pyrazines, alcohols, and aldehydes. This result during thermal reactions was very similar to those of meat and/or seafood. The use of mealworms as a savory-type flavor enhancer can be expected.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2024

많은 연구에 따르면 Tenebrio molitor은 유충 단계에서 플라스틱을 섭취할 수 있다고 보고되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 T. molitor 유충의 성장과 발달에 발포폴리스티렌 섭취가 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 밀기울을 섭취한 유충의 성장률은 발포폴리스티렌을 섭취한 유충의 성장률보다 더 좋았고(p < 0.001) 발포폴리스티렌을 섭취한 유충의 번데기로 전환되는 기간은 밀기울을 섭취한 유충의 번데기로 전환되는 기간보다 더 빨랐다(p < 0.001). 하지만 두 처리구간 생존율은 유의미한 차이가 없었다(p = 0.786). 이 결과에 따르면 발포폴리스티렌을 섭취한 유충은 체중 감소와 짧은 발육기간이 특징이지만 생존하는 것에는 문제가 없었다. 따라서 우리는 T. molitor가 플라스틱 폐기물의 지속 가능하고 친환경적인 제거를 위한 주요 자원이라는 결론을 내렸다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2019

Yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus) are very promising insects for the food and feed industry. Because mealworms are in the spotlight as an alternative protein source in the future, it is necessary to develop efficient rearing techniques for mass production. To evaluate the effects of brewer's yeast (BY) on the growth of mealworms, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, the mealworms were fed with wheat bran (WB) diets containing different levels of BY (0, 10, 30, 50, and 70%). Larval survival, larval weight, development time, pupal weight and eclosion rate were monitored for 12 weeks. The results showed that mealworms fed on the diets containing 30% and 50% of BY have significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate and daily weight gain, and lower larval duration than fed the control diet (100% WB) and other BY diets (10% and 70% BY). Larval survival on the diets containing 30% and 50% of BY was higher than on control diet. Pupal weight and eclosion rate were not significantly different among all diets. In conclusion, we suggest feeding the diet containing 30% of brewer's yeast with wheat bran in order to increase the production of mealworms.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2013

국산 및 중국산 갈색거저리 유충의 일반성분의 함량 분석 결과, 갈색거저리의 동결건조 분말은 고함량의 단백질(50.32~52.99%)을 포함하고 있었고, 중국산 분말이 약 2.67% 정도 국산에 비해 높은 단백질을 함유하고 있었다. 갈색거저리의 필수 및 비필수아미노산을 포함하고 있었고, 분석된 아미노산의 함량은 국산과 중국산이 비슷한 수준을 나타내었으며, 비필수아미노산 중 glutamic acid의 함량이 다른 아미노산에 비해 가장 높게 존재하였다. 지방산의 분석 결과, 갈색 거저리 분말은 총 지방산 중 76.80~80.55%의 많은 불포화 지방산을 함유하고 있었다. 불포화지방산 중 linoleic acid는 국산 $20.80{\pm}1.1%$, 중국산 $34.69{\pm}1.9%$로 13.89% 차이, oleic acid는 국산 $51.40{\pm}0.47%$, 중국산 $40.20{\pm}1.5%$로 11.2%의 차이, linolenic acid는 국산 0.5%, 중국산 1.4%로 명확한 함량 차이와 유의성(p<0.05)이 인정되었다. 유해물질인 식중독균(E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp.)은 국산과 중국산 분말 모두에서 검출되지 않았으며, 중금속 검사 결과에서 수은(Hg)이 국산과 중국산에서 각각 0.03 mg/kg, 0.08 mg/kg으로 검출되었으나 일반식품의 기준치 이하로 확인되었고 그밖의 중금속은 존재하지 않았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2024

거저리는 식품으로 사용되기 때문에 유충기가 오래 지속되면 더 좋다. 반면에 거저리의 개체수 유지를 위해 성장을 가속화하기 위해서는 유충이 빨리 성충이 되면 더 좋다. 이 연구에서는 개체군 밀도가 거저리의 발달 시간에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 이를 위해 상단 7 cm, 하단 5 cm, 높이 3 cm 크기의 용기를 사용했다. 거저리는 용기당 1, 2, 5, 10, 20마리의 밀도로 용기에서 서식하였다. 용기에 밀기울 1 g을 넣고 거저리의 먹이 여부에 따라 라벨을 붙였다. 실험은 세 번 반복되었다. 모든 실험에서 개체군 밀도가 높을수록 유충에서 번데기로의 변환 시간이 짧았지만 번데기에서 성충으로 변환되는 시간은 크게 다르지 않았다. 또한 먹이가 있는 그룹에서 번데기로의 변환 시간이 단축되었지만, 성충으로 변환되는 시간에는 차이가 없었다. 이 연구 결과는 유충기를 연장하기 위해 더 낮은 밀도가 필요하고 더 빠른 속도로 성충이 필요하다면 밀도가 더 높아야 한다는 것을 보여주었다. 결론적으로 거저리의 발달 시간은 개체수 밀도에 의해 제어할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2018

This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics of functional Dasik prepared with a mixture of freeze-dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) powder and dried pollack powder along with assessment of the general and fatty acid compositions of mealworms. General compositions, except for moisture content of freeze-dried mealworm powder, were higher than those of raw mealworms. The ratios of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids of freeze-dried mealworm powder and raw mealworms were 1:3.31 and 1:3.19, respectively. Amounts of oleic acid, which was the most abundant among unsaturated fatty acids, of freeze-dried mealworm powder and raw mealworms were 41.12 and 37.84%, respectively. For color values, greater content of freeze-dried mealworm powder in functional Dasik resulted in lower L and b scores, whereas a value increased. In the case of mechanical properties, greater content of freeze-dried mealworm powder resulted in significant reduction of hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. In the case of sensory evaluation, color, taste, and overall quality of DPMD50, which was prepared with a 1:1 ratio of freeze-dried mealworm powder and dried pollack, were the highest. It was concluded that DPMD50 is a nutritious combination of edible insects and fish for protein fortification for growth and the elderly.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2007

To determine the feeding sites preferred by adult gold-spotted pond frogs, Rana plancyi chosenica, and the foods that induce favorable growth of the frogs in the laboratory, we conducted two separate experiments between 27 May and 12 July 2007 in a vivarium. In the first experiment, we counted the number of crickets eaten by four gold-spotted pond frogs in a 60 min period at four different feeding sites within the experimental arenas: on the water surface, at the edge of a pond, and at two terrestrial sites. Adult gold-spotted pond frogs ate more crickets on the water surface and at the edge of the pond than the terrestrial sites. In the second experiment, we measured the growth of SVL (snout-vent length) and body mass of adult gold-spotted pond frogs fed crickets, mealworms, maggots, or earthworms in individual experimental boxes over a one month period. The SVL and body mass of the adult gold-spotted pond frogs fed crickets, mealworms, or maggots were greater than those of the frogs that were fed earthworms. These results indicate that providing crickets, mealworms, or maggots on the water or at the edge of a pond should induce favorable growth of captive-reared adult gold-spotted pond frogs.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2017

Mealworm, a type of edible insect, is a superior food material suitable for industrial products. In this study, four different defatted mealworm powders were prepared to determine proper manufacturing conditions. Solvent extraction method reduced lipid contents of mealworms more than pressed mealworms, and lowered lipid contents caused bright colors and good physicochemical properties for powders. In comparison, differences among milling machines used for making powders were strongly related with average size of particles. Meanwhile, the predicted shelf-life of defatted mealworm powders judged by accelerated experiments was 1 year or longer. To enhance shelf-life of mealworm powders, addition of tocopherol to mealworm powders at a concentration of 0.2% could intensify oxidative stability and microbial inhibition.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

Mealworms, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), are widely used as food sourcefor animal rearing as well as human diet. Conventionally, mealworms raised on wheat bran. In this study, we investigated the effects of brewer's spent grain (BSG) on the growth of mealworm larvae to reduce the rearing cost. We prepared five different diets with various BSG content, 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% of heated air dried BSG with wheat bran. We compared survivorship, larval weight, developmental duration, pupation rate, and pupal weight of five different groups of T. molitor raised on these five diets. The larval survivorships were almost similar with the control group except a group with 70% of BSG. For the larval weight, groups with 30% and 50% of BSG gained more weight than that with control treatment, 0% of BSG. For the developmental period, the groups with 30% of BSG took less time compared to the control group. In all treatment groups, more than 90% of pupation rate were observed. Especially, the group with 30% of BSG showed highest pupation rate among the five groups. Wheat bran with 30~50% of BSG was the optimal diet for successive insect rearing among the five diet treatments. Based on this study, we concluded that adding BSG to wheat bran helps to improve the quality of T. molitor and to reduce the rearing period.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.292-309
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of Mealworms as a hospital meal with increased nutrition density. We provided a meal for postoperative patients and conducted analysis of dietary intake and nutritional status of patients and assessment of acceptability of the meal. This study was carried out as a randomized control trial. Patients were supplied either a hospital meal using Mealworms (Experimental group) or a regular hospital meal (Control group). We investigated the administration amounts of parenteral nutrition (PN) and food intake of patients after surgery and measured anthropometry, body composition, and blood tests before surgery and at hospital discharge. We included 34 postoperative patients who were admitted to Gangnam Severance Hospital from March to September. In the groups of patients not supplied with PN, the experimental group ($964.68{\pm}284.6kcal$, $38.82{\pm}12.9g$) had significantly higher dietary calorie and protein intake than the control group ($666.62{\pm}153.7kcal$, $24.47{\pm}4.9g$)(P<0.05). Additionally in the group of patients not supplied with PN, the experimental group (1.37%) showed a significantly higher increase in fat free mass index than the control group (-3.46%)(P<0.05). In all subjects, calorie density and protein density were significantly higher in the experimental group (P<0.001), and acceptability of calorie (P=0.036) and protein (P=0.001) was also significantly higher in the experimental group. Therefore, the results of this study support the validity of the introduction of hospital meals using Mealworms.