• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

The modern day architectural giant, Maki Fumihiko, has lived through both the early and the more recent modernism, Contemporary. In the 1950's he was faithful to the spirit that was founded on the early modernity, Metabolism. In his later years in the 2000's, his style can be distinguished into Neo-Modernism which was based on local influence. The educational system at Washington University and the modern city of Saint Louis carries the continuation of Fumihiko Maki's early and later architectural career. Steinberg Hall and Kemper Art Museum have been built adjacent to each other in an extended period of time. These two projects encompass the changes in the era that has gone through modernism, transformation of an architect's career, and the maturation of the university. Steinberg Hall carries the ideal and the spirit of young Fumihiko Maki, therefore, the basic platform of experimentation of the early Metabolist has been applied. Spatial theory that concentrates on the integration of relations is also evident in this project. In contrast, Kemper Art Museum expresses the work of a 78 year-old veteran from the perspective of Neo-Modernism. This piece focuses on the internal space through the coexistence of a variety of space, and with that it notably interprets the integration of the pieces to the whole as a set theory. The partial change that we see is the evidence of the change in the early and the later modernism, while maintaining the innocence and the spirit of it. This is to highlight the fact that, ultimately, the goal of architecture is to secure the human race's honesty and their freedom expressed through space.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2016

A double-cropping system with soybean (Glycine max) following the cultivation of potato, garlic, and onion is widely adopted in the southern region of Korea. For this system, marginal dates for planting must be determined for profitable soybean yields, because the decision to plant soybean as a second crop is occasionally delayed by harvest of the first crop and weather conditions. In order to investigate the effect of planting date on soybean yield, three cultivars (early and late maturity) were planted on seven different dates from May 1 to July 30 in both paddy and upland fields across 2012 and 2013. Soybean yields were significantly different among the planting dates and the cultivars; however, the interaction between cultivar and planting date was not significant. Based on linear regression, the maximum yield of soybean was reached with a June 10 planting date, with a sharp decline in yield for crops planted after this date. The results of this study were consistent with those of a previous one that recommends early and mid-June as the optimum planting period. Regardless of soybean ecotype, a reduction in yield of greater than 20% occurred when soybean was planted after mid-July. Frost during soybean growth can reduce yields, and the late maturity cultivars planted on July 30 were damaged by frost before completing maturation and harvest; however, early maturity cultivars were safely harvested. For sufficient time to develop and reach profitable yields, the planting of soybean before mid-July is recommended.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for growth curve parameters in Guilan sheep. Studied traits were parameters of Brody growth model which included A (asymptotic mature weight), B (initial animal weight) and K (maturation rate). The data set and pedigree information used in this study were obtained from the Agricultural Organization of Guilan province (Rasht, Iran) and comprised 8647 growth curve records of lambs from birth to 240 days of age during 1994 to 2014. Marginal posterior distributions of parameters and variance components were estimated using TM program. The Gibbs sampler was run 300000 rounds and the first 60000 rounds were discarded as a burn-in period. Posterior mean estimates of direct heritabilities for A, B and K were 0.39, 0.23 and 0.039, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlation between growth curve parameters were 0.57, 0.03 and -0.01 between A-B, A-K and B-K, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic trends for A, B and K were positive and their corresponding values were $0.014{\pm}0.003$ (P < 0.001), $0.0012{\pm}0.0009$ (P > 0.05) and $0.000002{\pm}0.0001$ (P > 0.05), respectively. Residual correlations between growth curve parameters varied form -0.52 (between A-K) to 0.48 (between A-B). Also, phenotypic correlations between growth curve parameters varied form -0.49 (between A-K) to 0.47 (between A-B). The results of this study indicated that improvement of growth curve parameters of Guilan sheep seems feasible in selection programs. It is worthwhile to develop a selection strategy to obtain an appropriate shape of growth curve through changing genetically the parameters of growth model.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2007

Purpose: Aging changes of midface include drooping of lower lid, wrinkles of malar area, orbitomalar groove and deepening of nasolabial fold from drooping of malar fat pad. Improvement of lower lid can be achieved through lower blepharoplasty, but improvement of cheek can not be gained. Superficial subciliary cheek lift(by Moelleken, 1996) is a method that lifts malar fat pad through extended subciliary incision. We obtained simultaneous improvement of lower lid, malar wrinkles and orbitomalar groove with modification of this technique. Methods: From December 2003 to January 2006, we performed this method on 21 patients among volunteers for lower blepharoplasty who wanted to correct orbitomalar groove and malar wrinkles. Under local anesthesia, lateral extension of subciliary incision is done 1cm from the lateral orbital rim. Skin-muscle flap is elevated, and dealing of orbital fat and septum is the same as with ordinary lower blepharoplasty. After downward subcutaneous dissection through extended incision, exposing the upper 1/3 level of malar fat pad, superolateral fixation is done to superior deep temporal fascia. Excision of the upper part of fat pad is performed, if needed. After excision of overlapped skin-muscle flap, skin closure is done. Results: We obtained satisfactory results with this simple method for improvement of orbitomalar groove and malar wrinkles among patients for lower blepharoplasty. During a follow-up period of 5 months on the average, no revision was performed. Conclusion: Under local anesthesia, lower blepharoplasty and improvement of orbitomalar groove and malar wrinkles can be achieved at the same time. It is good for patients who do not want conventional midface-lifting. But surgeons should select patients and perform cautiously for it may leave a scar of the extended incision that require over 2 months for maturation and it is insufficient for improvement of nasolabial fold compared to conventional mid face-lifts.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2015

This study was conducted to find out the variation in agronomic trait and chemical composition in the collected Perilla frutescens from China and Japan. From the results of growth investigation, the maximum number if branches was 26.7ea in Japan 134 line, followed by 25 nodes number in China 119 line. Among the different lines investigated, maximum number of panicle number (108.8) were observed in China 114 line. 1000 seed weight was maximum (4.12 g) in China 118 line. Flowering time of different collected lines varied significantly with average value of 175.5 days and the average line required for maturation of seedlings was 205.1 days. Plant height was the highest (248.9 cm) in China 107 line. Highest number of total picking leaves was 965ea, and the average picked period was 54 days. The major phenol compounds contained in Perilla frutescens showed wide variation for Syringic acid, Benzoic acid, Naringin, o-Coumaric acid, Myricetin, Naringenin and Hesperetin. Japan 139 line showed the highest level of total phenol contents ($8254.0{\mu}g/g$, dry weight).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2020

Background: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a useful medicinal and oil crop in Korea. However, when safflower is cultivated, the flowering period overlaps with the rainy season, and seed maturation is poor. Therefore, this study aimed to use basic research data to develop superior varieties using agronomic characteristics and crossing method. Methods and Results: A total of 34 safflower germplasms were sown and their agronomic characteristics were investigated. Based on these investigations, the cultivar 'ui-san-hong-hwa' was selected as the mother plant, and 'Myanmar safflower' (Hsu Pan) was selected as the father plant. In addition, we developed a floret-protecting cap to cover florets after emasculation during the artificial crossing. When florets were protected by the cap, the seed setting rate increased in comparison to that in the non-covered florets. Conclusions: Agronomic characteristics can contribute to developing suitable varieties. The results suggest that the protection cap will be helpful in breeding without the floral organ drying. This study contributes an efficient breeding method to develop new safflower varieties.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1998

1992년 6월부터 12월까지 제주도 제주시, 한림, 성산, 서귀포에서 채집된 갈치 (Hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus LINNAEUS)를 대상으로 어업생물학적인 조사를 실시하여 결과를 요약하였다. 1) 생식소 중량지수 (GSI)는 암수 다같이 $6\~9$월에 높은 값을 유지하다가 10월부터 하강하기 시작하여 12월까지 낮은 값을 유지하고 있다. 2) 생식주기는 $6\~10$월에 완숙 및 산란기이고, 8월이 주산란기로 나타났다. 3) 갈치는 한 산란기 동안에 $2\~3$회 이상 산란하는 다회 산란종으로 나타났다. 4) 성비는 산란기에 암컷의 비율이 높고, 휴지기에는 암수 비율이 1 : 1이였다. 5) 포란수는 크기에 따라 개체당 최소 12,821개에서 최고 125,876개의 난까지 포란하고 있으며, 두동장과 체중이 증가할수록 포란수는 증가했다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2006

Ultrastructure of germ cell differentiation during supermatogenesis and the reproductive cycle in male Patinopecten yessoensis was studied by histological and cytological observations. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) in males rapidly increased and reached a maximum in April when seawater temperature gradually increased. Then the GSI gradually decreased from May through July when spawning occurred. Accordingly, monthly changes in the GSI in males coincided with testicular maturation and spawning periods. The sperm morphology of P. yessoensis belongs to the primitive type and showed general characteristics of external fertilization species. The head of the spermatozoon is approximately $3.50{\mu}m$ in length: the sperm nucleus and acrosome are approximately $2.90{\mu}m\;and\;0.60{\mu}m$ in length, respectively. The nuclear type of the spermatozoon is vase in shape, and the acrosome is cone type. The axoneme of the tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair of central microtubules in the center The satellite body (which is formed by the centriole) and four mitochondria appear in the middle piece of the spermatozoon. The spawning period was from April through July and the main spawning occurred from May to June when seawater temperatures gradually increased. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages; early active stage (September to November), late active stage (October to March), ripe stage (February to August), spawning stage (April to July), and spent/inactive stage (July to November).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1098-1113
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• 2021

Maturation process of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) could be prevented by the reduction of lignin content in terms of conventional breeding or transgenic technology. Alfalfa could exhibit higher leaf/stem ratio, with a concern of yield loss. The objective of this study was to compare forage yield and nutritive value of low lignin alfalfa and two reference varieties subjecting to two harvest intervals and three seeding rates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replicates, where harvest intervals (28-day and 35-day) were assigned to whole plots, seeding rates were subplots, and varieties were sub-subplots. The weighted mean nutritive value was applied to two production years of 2016 and 2017. Hi-Gest 360 (low lignin alfalfa) provided similar yield potential and increased nutritive value compared to two reference varieties. Over a two-year production period, alfalfa harvested at every 28-day interval provided more economic returns than those at 35-day interval. For the seeding year and first production year, five cuts made by the 28-day interval produced more yield than four cuts by the 35-day interval. Due to limited rainfall in May 2017, a sharp drop of the first cutting overturned the advantage of the five-cut system. Shorter intervals between harvests generally increased crude protein (CP) concentrations. The differences of relative feed value (RFV) between two harvest intervals tended to be great during the first and second cuttings. Overall, harvest interval had a large effect on nutritive value and a more significant effect on alfalfa dry matter yield than variety selection. Seeding rate did not affect alfalfa yield and nutritive value.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2022

본 연구는 참중고기 Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae의 난발생 및 자치어 형태발달을 관찰하여 초기생활사 특징을 밝히고 유연종과 난 및 부화자어 크기, 후기자어 및 치어기 이행시기를 비교 논의하고자 실시하였다. 연구에 사용된 친어는 전남 담양군의 영산강 일원에서 채집하였고 호르몬(Ovaprim)을 주사하여 산란을 유도하였다. 산란량은 평균 31±3.5개였고, 성숙란은 원형이었다. 성숙란의 크기는 평균 2.40±0.05 mm였다. 부화시간은 수온 22℃에서 230~240시간이 소요되었다. 부화자어 크기는 평균 10.7±0.19 mm였고, 부화 후 3일 평균 크기 12.0±0.13 mm일 때 척추 끝부분이 45°로 완전히 휘어졌고 후기자어기로 이행하였다. 부화 후 11일째 평균크기 14.6±0.13 mm일 때 모든 지느러미의 기조 수(등지느러미 iii7, 뒷지느러미 iii6, 배지느러미 i7)가 정수에 달하면서 치어기로 이행하였다.