• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.236-242
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of the application of kimchi LAB as starter culture in the production of fermented sausages. For this, the solid-state model media composed to simulate the substantial conditions of meat mixtures were fermented for 120 h after the treatment with different concentrations of kimchi (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0%) and lyophilized kimchi-powder (0.2 % and 0.5%). During the fermentation period, the growth of total viable cells and LAB, and the changes of pH and titratable acidity were investigated. The initial LAB counts ranged from 7.18 to 8.34 Log CFU/ mL for kimchi media and from 6.93 to 6.94 Log CFU/mL for kimchi-powder media depending on the added concentrations. The kimchi LAB in this study were not influenced by the immobilized condition for their adaptation and growth by showing no lag phase and thus acted similar as in the submerged medium. The initially increased counts reached around 9 Log CFU/ mL in 12 h independent of the concentrations of a ded kimchi. However, the growth and metabolic activity of kimchi-powder LAB were influenced by the immobilized condition. Supposedly, as the nutrient supply in solid-state depended solely on diffusion, these differences in the souring properties were caused by the LAB topography in the medium matrix. Nevertheless, the differences in the numbers of LAB between two media were less than 0.5 Log units and the pH drop in the solidstate batches was quite rapid and reached low values. Therefore, it can be assumed that kimchi and kimchi-powder LAB showed the utility as the substitute of commercial starter culture even without a rehydrating pretreatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2781-2785
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• 2016

Background: Matric metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 gene expression is increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and associated with increasing tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and decreased survival rates. Levels of the circulating enzyme may be elevated and used as a marker of tumor progression. In this study, clinical application of MMP-13 serum levels was evaluated for early detection, prediction of prognosis and survival time of ESCC patients. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of MMP13 were determined by ELISA in 66 ESCC patients prior of any treatment and 54 healthy controls for comparison with clinicopathological data through statistical analysis with Man Whitney U and Log-Rank tests. In addition, clinical value of MMP13 levels for diagnosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) test. Results: The serum level of MMP-13 in patients (>250 pg/ml) was significantly higher than in the control group (<100 pg/ml) (p value=0.004). Also the results showed a significant correlation between MMP-13 serum levels with tumor stage (p value = 0.003), depth of tumor invasion (p value=0.008), involvement of lymph nodes (p value = 0.011), tumor size (p value = 0.018) and survival time. While there were no significant correlation with grade and location of tumors. ROC analysis showed that MMP-13 level is an accurate diagnostic marker especially to differentiate pre-invasive/ invasive lesions from normal controls (sensitivity and specificity: 100%). Conclusions: These findings indicate a potential clinical significance of serum MMP13 measurement for early detection and prognostic assessment in ESCC patients.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2013

In tissue engineering application, a fibrous structure of scaffolds has been issued as an alternative system to regulate cell survival and tissue regeneration, and electrospinning technique has been popularly used to generate fibrous meshes or sheets mimicking the structure of native extracellular matrix (ECM). However, recent strategy in the scaffold development is expanded to provide the structural property as well as a biological property of native ECM, a variety of surface modification techniques have been used to introduce biological property. In this study, we developed biomimetic poly(L-lactide-co-${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone) (PLCL) nano- and micro-fibrous scaffolds as a unique platform with structural and biological properties with native ECM using electrospinning method and gamma-ray irradiation. Surface morphology of the scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and alteration of surface property was evaluated with toluidine blue O staining, water contact angle measurement and ATR-FTIR analysis.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.253-273
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• 2001

In this review article, we produce a technology tree in the earth observation by remote sensing, which is the Level I technology in the tree. To define Level II technologies, we create a two-dimensional matrix of technologies viewed from methodology and application viewpoints. Consequently the following fields are selected: reception-archiving, atmosphere, ocean, land, GIS, and common technology. For each Level II technology, we extract half a dozen Level III and about 20-30 Level IV technologies. For each Level IV technology, we review the status of domestic research and the approaches for acquiring deficient technology in Korea. Also we survey foreign institutions specializing in the deficient technologies and the time when the deficient technologies are needed. Furthermore we assign priority technologies from the viewpoints of public need and economic benefits. The information given in this article would help understand and collaborate among different disciplines, be a useful guide to a beginner to remote sensing, and assist policy making.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

Particulate reinforced composite is composed of hard particles and polymer matrix. This material has been widely applied for engineering industry such as automobile, construction and aerospace. For the safe application, it is important to assess crack resistance behavior. Especially in aerospace industry, crack could cause significant problem when the material is used for solid rocket fuel. Therefore, it is inevitable to estimate the characteristics of the crack propagation. In this study, crack propagation tests were conducted using particulate reinforced composite under crosshead rate 2.54 mm/min in the range of temperature $-60^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$. The strain contour of surface for specimen was generated using digital image correlation method.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.725-744
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• 2022

As the construction of infrastructure using the underground tunnel in urban area have been rapidly increased, various accidents and collapses of tunnel including structure have been occurred in deep urban tunnelling. The concern and worry relating to the risk and safety of the tunnel during excavation is becoming the key issues in deep urban tunnelling. In this study, it was conducted for deep urban tunnel at GTX (Great Train Express) line which was located in Seoul metropolitan area to determine the risk characteristics for tunnel according to urban tunnelling. Also, it was reviewed the risk analysis and evaluation of the tunnel, shaft and station. And after a review of risk analysis and evaluation for risk register and hazard identification by using a risk matrix method, safety management of the tunnel according to excavation was evaluated to be secured. This study is expected to be applied as useful approach in deep urban tunnelling if you need to review the risk and safety management system of tunnel according to mitigation measures in complex urban tunnelling.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

In this study, the influence of silicon contents on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ti-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated for application of cutting tools. The composition of the Ti-Al-Si-N coatings were controlled by different combinations of TiAl₂ and Ti₄Si composite target powers using an arc ion plating technique in a reactive gas mixture of high purity Ar and N₂ during depositions. Ti-Al-Si-N films were nanocomposite consisting of nanosized (Ti,Al,Si)N crystallites embedded in an amorphous Si₃N₄/SiO₂ matrix. The instrumental analyses revealed that the synthesized Ti-Al-Si-N film with Si content of 5.63 at.% was a nanocomposites consisting of nano-sized crystallites (5-7 nm in dia.) and a three dimensional thin layer of amorphous Si₃N₄ phase. The hardness of the Ti-Al-Si-N coatings also exhibited the maximum hardness value of about 47 GPa at a silicon content of ~5.63 at.% due to the microstructural change to a nanocomposite as well as the solid-solution hardening. The coating has a low friction coefficient of 0.55 at room temperature against an Inconel alloy ball. These excellent mechanical and tribological properties of the Ti-Al-Si-N coatings could help to improve the performance of machining and cutting tool applications.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.815-824
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• 2019

It is not easy to present a generalized operating model because the operating environment of a sport event is composed of a complex matrix structure. In this study, we propose 'standardization' which provides guidance of concept and process of sport event management to solve this sports event management problem. To purpose complete of this study, the frame was developed by the international standard ISO 9001: 2015 is applied. The standards framework for sports event process management system structure proposed in this study consists of scope of application, citing standard, Terms and definitions, organizational situation, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, and improvement. This sport event process management system standard can be applied to any organization that wants to host, prepare, and operate sport events regardless of the form or scale of the sport event. In addition, this standard was focused on process management of life-cycle stages of sporting events, therefor it was possible to manage interrelationships and dependencies between processes and processes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

A rapid and simple LC-MS/MS analytical method in determining Jaspine B has been developed and validated in rat plasma. The standard curve value was 25 - 5000 ng/mL and the linearity, inter-day and intra-day accuracy and precision were within 15.0 % of relative standard deviation (RSD). The mean recoveries of Jaspine B ranged from 87.5 % to 91.2 % with less than 3.70 % RSD and the matrix effects ranged from 91.1 % to 108.2 % with less than 2.6 % RSD. The validated LC-MS/MS analytical method of Jaspine B was successfully applied to investigate the dose-escalated pharmacokinetic study of Jaspine B in rats following an intravenous injection of Jaspine B at a dose range of 1 - 10 mg/kg. The initial plasma concentrations and area under plasma concentration curves showed a good correlation with intravenous Jaspine B dose, indicating the dose independent pharmacokinetics of Jaspine B in rats. In conclusion, this analytical method for Jaspine B can be easily applied in the bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic studies of Jaspine B, including its administration at multiple therapeutic doses, or for making pharmacokinetic comparisons for the oral formulations of Jaspine B in small experimental animals as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation studies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2019

JPEG is a most widely used standard image compression technology. This research introduces the JPEG image compression algorithm and describes each step in the compression and decompression. Image compression is the application of data compression on digital images. The DCT (discrete cosine transform) is a technique for converting a time domain to a frequency domain. First, the image is divided into 8 by 8 pixel blocks. Second, working from top to bottom left to right, the DCT is applied to each block. Third, each block is compressed through quantization. Fourth, the matrix of compressed blocks that make up the image is stored in a greatly reduced amount of space. Finally if desired, the image is reconstructed through decompression, a process using IDCT (inverse discrete cosine transform). The purpose of this research is to review all the processes of image compression / decompression using the discrete cosine transform method.