• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1421-1431
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• 2005

There are two methods in 3-D sound reproduction: a surround system, like 3.1 channel method and a binaural system using 2-channel method. The binaural system utilizes the sound localization principle of a human using two ears. Generally, a crosstalk between each channel of 2-channel loudspeaker system should be canceled to produce a natural 3-D sound. To solve this problem, it is necessary to trace a head movement. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to correctly trace the head movement of a listener. The Proposed algorithm is based on the detection of face and eye. The face detection uses the intensity of an image and the position of eyes is detected by a mathematical morphology. When the head of the listener moves, length of borderline between face area and eyes may change. We use this information to the tracking of head movement. A computer simulation results show That head movement is effectively estimated within +10 margin of error using the proposed algorithm.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1467-1470
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• 2008

An upper tibial opening wedge osteotomy is an operation to cure a malalignment and a degenerate arthritis. To prevent the postoperative malalignment caused by the upper tibial opening wedge osteotomy, the research to define the relationship between a Hinge Axis Angle and a Posterior Slope Angle is needed. The effect of the relationship between the hinge axis angle and the gap angle on the posterior slope angle is studied. After 3-D Compute Tomography (CT) scanning image is reconstructed, the virtual surgery is performed by the reconstructed 3-D tibia model. It was proved that the relationship between the hinge axis angle and the gap angle were constant and the simple mathematical model could be derived. To verify the suggested mathematical model, it compared with the measured data from the virtual surgery. In conclusion, while the deviation between the data from the virtual surgery and ones of the mathematical model under the gap angle<$10^{\circ}$ was less than 1%.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-193
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• 2009

Although Korea students have been showed the top academic achievement in the international evaluation test for mathematics academic achievement, they have the low confidence, low interest and unwelcome attention about mathematics. In order to change student's affective aspects about mathematics, we introduced the problem based learning(PBL) method which is based on constructivist learning theories. By applying PBL to the middle and high class students, we investigated the effect of PBL on the students' academic achievement and mathematical attitudes. The study shows that there are the statistically significant differences between a control group and a comparison group both in academic achievement and mathematical attitudes.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

The main reason of the pollution caused by soils and tailings located at discussed mines is heavy metals and AMD(acid mine drainage). Human health is affected by these pollutants which are spreaded from the abandoned mines. In this study, we try a mathematical approach to predict the pollution level of heavy metals caused by the surrounding soils of abandoned mines. The new approach is established with the correlation between the distance and pH, ORP. The change of pH and ORP can be described by the rate of initial values to experimental values. We demonstrate a realistic possibility of the mathematical approach to assess an environmental impact from disused mines cause the rate range is 0.95 to 1.03 for 60 days. Therefore our proposed approach will be useful as a few promising method for the management of heavy metals in many mines.

• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.315-330
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• 2012

Mathematics educators have tried to teach mathematics to all students who are at any mathematical level by differentiated math instruction from late 1990s in Korea. The common differentiated math instruction separates students into two or three groups according to their mathematical ability and then different activities and tasks are given to each group. This kind of instruction fosters negative attitudes to mathematics to low level students and fix them at low level. So I investigated new mathematics instruction considering able students and low attainers at the same time. This new method is based on using open problems in math class. All students can respond to an open problem in different ways. If teachers could relate all varieties of answers got from students at every level to build good understanding the concept which the problem target at, low attainers could move to their potential developmental levels. This kind of instruction can change low math attainers' negative attitudes to good ones to mathematics and foster their confidence in performing mathematics.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

Many Countries are recently focued on building capability based military and operating for the defense budget efficiency and operational effectiveness. The EA not only defines enterprise scope but also identifies relation among them, manage change and complexity. Accordingly, this research aims to build architecture framework which can achieve alignment, integration and interoperability by developing it with output. Through this, architecture framework can be changed into force development and operation. And it can be used for construction of effective force and operation for NCO by applying mathematical model and method of force priority development based on developed capabilities-based architecture framework.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.259-282
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce a modified Moore Method designed for the multivariable calculus course, and discuss about the effective teaching and learning method by observing the changes in the understanding of students' learning and the effects on students' learning in the class implemented by this modified Moore Method. This teaching experiment research was conducted with the 15 students who took the multivariable calculus course offered as a 3 week summer session in 2008 at H University. To guide the students' active preparation, stepwise course materials structured in the form of questions on the important mathematical notions were provided to the students in advance. We observed the process of the students' small-group collaborative learning activities and their presentations in the class, and analysed the students' class journals collected at the end of every lecture and the survey carried out at the end of the course. The analysis of these results show that the students have come to recognize that a deeper understanding of the subjects are possible through their active process of search and discovery, and the discussion among the peers and teaching each other allowed a variety of learning experiences and reflective thinking.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Mathematics anxiety is a term for emotional and physical resistance to mathematics. Understanding students' mathematics anxiety is important not only in terms of improving mathematics academic achievement, but also in nurturing mathematics manpower necessary for the future society. In particular, mathematics anxiety is most likely to occur in elementary school, and it has a negative effect on subsequent learning. Therefore, it is important to understand the aspects of students' mathematics anxiety in elementary school. In this study, I presented the patterns of changes in students' mathematics anxiety over time and statistically verified them. As a result of a follow-up survey of 249 elementary school students' mathematics anxiety for 3 years from 4th to 6th grade, it was found that, rather than having a special pattern related to the formation of math anxiety, it may increase and decrease and vary depending on individual confirmed. Later, in this study, five patterns of Mathematics anxiety patterns were identified through statistical analysis. In addition, I confirmed that the students' interest about teachers' mathematics lessons was consistently influencing the change in mathematics anxiety. The results of this study will increase students' understanding of the formation of mathematics anxiety and can be used as basic data for the development of teaching and learning materials related to mathematics anxiety in the future and subsequent research.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.341-358
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• 2021

Corona, which first broke out in 2020, has caused many changes in many parts of society. Education was not an exception to this change. Teachers had to prepare online classes and students were asked to participate in it without sufficient preparation. Regarding online learning, many studies, in the field of developing teaching module and material or observing the satisfaction of online class, were conducted but there was no study based on how online class is happening in school. Therefore, this study was to investigate the current situation and satisfaction of online class for high school students and explored the relationship between sub-elements of mathematics learning and the level of satisfaction of online learning. As a result, mathematics online class was generally conducted in the form of real-time interactive classes and students felt a little satisfied with it. However, some conflicting opinions were expressed on the continuation of mathematics online learning. In addition, the study found that the higher level of satisfaction students have with online class, the difference appears in the sub-elements of learning mathematics such as values of mathematics, and motivation to learn, willingness to learn mathematics, learning strategies according to the safisfactory level of online class.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.417-433
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• 2023

In the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum, a new content on 'Movement of a point' was added. Therefore, this study analyzed the contents of the movement of a point presented in Finnish mathematics textbooks as elements of spatial orientation. Analysis was conducted by dividing it into direction, distance, and route. As a result of the study, in Finnish textbooks, directions were expressed in various ways, such as linguistic, visual, and coded expressions. In the case of distance, activities to move as much as the distance or compare the distance were presented using the number of cells, length, steps, coordinate points, ratio, etc. In the case of routes, activities such as moving according to instructions, making routes, finding the route, and modifying the route were presented using unconditional movement and conditional movement. In particular, the movement of a point could be linked not only to various mathematical content areas such as 'number and arithmetic' and 'change and relationship', but also to digital literacy and programming education. Knowing that the movement of a point can be presented in various ways according to the direction, distance, and route, it is expected that it can be used to organize the contents of the 2022 revised mathematics textbook.