• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1998

The growth and survival rate of larvae and juveniles from female rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) broodstock in vitellogenesis by injection of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine $T_3$ with a dose of 20 mg/kg fish wt. were examined for 30 days and compared with sham-control fish injected dime-thyl sulfoxide and control fish. Larvae were fed with rotifers for first 5 days after parturition, rotifers and Artemia nauplii for next 10 days. And then, they were fed with Artemia nauplii and commercial diet. Growth of larvae and juveniles from maternal $T_3$injection was significantly faster than that of two controls, nevertheless, the condition factor was lower than that of controls. The whole body proximate analyses indicated that there were significant effects of $T_3$ injection on protein and lipid, but no significant on moisture and ash contents. Survival rate of the fish from maternal $T_3$injection was significantly higher than that of fish from the two controls. These results indicate that thyroid hormone supplements appear to confer a distinct advantage to larval and juvenile rockfish in early, fragile development stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 1996

The most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain lipids is docosahexaenoic acid(C22 : 6 N-3, DHA). It is incorporated into nerve tissues mostly in utero and during the first year of life. DHA in brain is derived from either pre-formed DHA in human milk or by infant hepatic synthesis from linolenic acid in milk. This study was designed to investigate the effects of DHA supplementation on fatty acid profiles in maternal plasma lipid and breast milk. Twenty lactating women participated in the study. Seven women took 3g of fish oil per day and vitamin E for 28 days starting from the day of giving birth. Five women consumed 1.5g of fish oil as well as tivamin E, and the rest took vitamin E supplements for the same period of time. Dietary questionnaires and 3 consecutive 24-h recalls were collected to evaluate theri nutritional status and food habits. Finding that DHA intake from fish was not significantly different among three experimental groups, the partcipants were instructed to continue eating their usual home diets. Milk samples were taken on the day of giving birth, as well as the 7th, 14th and 28th day being the supplement phase, and finally 2 weeks after the cessating of DHA supplements. The amounts of the fish oil supplements produced significant dose-dependent increased in the DHA content of milk and plasma, but to a lesser degree. Base-line for 28 days raised the level to 2.05$\pm$0.43% and 1.5g/day supplement produced DHA levels of 1.02$\pm$0.19%. The results of this study indicated that relatively small amount of dietary DHA supplementation significantly elevats DHA content in milk. This would clearly elevate the infant's DHA intake which in turn may have implications for the infant's brain development.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2011

Mercury is a toxic, persistent pollutant that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies through food webs. People are exposed to methyhnercruy mainly through their diet, especially through the consumption of freshwater and marine fish and of other animals that consume fish (e.g., marine mammals). All humans are exposed to low levels of mercury. Dietary patterns can increase exposure to a fish-eating population where the fish and seafood are contaminated with mercury. The primary toxicity targets of mercury and mercury compounds are the nervous system, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. It is generally accepted that developing organ systems are most sensitive to the toxic effects of mercury. The fetal-brain mercury levels appear to be significantly higher than the maternal-blood mercury levels, and the developing central nervous system of the fetus is currently regarded as the main system of concern as it demonstrates the greatest sensitivity. The subpopulation that may be at greater risk for mercury toxicity are those exposed to higher levels of methylmercury due to carnivorous fish, including sharks.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

The rate of fetus with abnormal chromosomes increase with maternal age. Nondisjunction of aging oocyte chromosome is a major reason for the increased rate of abnormalities. Telomeres are the ends of eukaryotic chromosome, which are essential for chromosome stability and are related in cell senescence. This study was carried out to analyze the chromosome aberration rate and amount of telomeric DNA in chick embryo along with maternal age. Fertilized eggs and blood were sampled from White Leghorn layers starting at 20 weeks through to 70 weeks age at 10 weeks interval. Chromosome aberration rate was analyzed by karyotyping. The amounts of telomeric DNA in embryonic cells and lymphocytes were quantified by Quantitative Fluorescence in situ Hybridization method. The chromosome aberration rate in chick embryos significantly differed with maternal age. The chromosome aberration rate increased at early laying period and beyond 70 weeks of maternal age. Therefore, chromosome aberration rate was affected by maternal age due to ovulated oocytes state. However, the amount of telomeric DNA on embryonic cells did not differ significantly with maternal age. Thus, maternal age does not affects telomere quantity in their embryos due to cellular reprograming at early embryonic stage after fertilization.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2007

Purpose : FISH is suggested as a useful tool for rapid detection of specific aneuploidy in uncultured amniocytes abnormality in interphase nucleus. In this study, we are going to share our experience using FISH in prenatal diagnosis and suggest the criteria for the diagnosis of aneuploidy by analyzing the results of FISH test. Methods : From January, 1999 to May, 2006, 8,613 tests in amniotic fluids obtained from 7,893 pregnant women were performed by using FISH for prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. The indications of chromosome study were a screen positive for Down syndrome or Edwards syndrome in maternal serum marker screening test and an advanced maternal age (${\geq}35$ years old). Results : We have the 8,502 informative results from 8,613 tests (98.7%) which is submitted our criteria and the sensitivity is 98.2%. Conclusion : FISH on uncultured amniocytes is a rapid, clinically useful tool for prenatal diagnosis, with informative specimens being highly accurate. But the limitation of FISH is both expensive and labor-intensive.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.721-726
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• 1998

The changes of thyroid hormone levels in plasma, eggs and yolk-sac larvae in female rockfish (Sebastes schiegeli) were examined after maternal injection of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine ($T_3$) with a dose of 20 mg/kg fish wt. There were no differences of L-thyronine ($T_4$) level in maternal plasma and yolk-sac larvae between $T_3$ injection and vehicle-injected control. The significant decrease of $T_4$ level was found in eggs from the $T_3$ injected mother fish compared with that of control. $T_3$ levels in maternal plasma, eggs, and yolk-sac larvae were significantly elevated by $T_3$ injection. Therefore $T_4$ and $T_3$ in maternal circulation may be transferred into oocytes and subsequently into the yolk-sac larvae. These findings suggest that thyroid hormones may play some roles on physiological metabolism during early larval development of rockfish.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2012

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic cutaneous disease, has increased rapidly worldwide. Since AD is the most common disease affecting infants, maternal food intake during pregnancy as well as lactation is important. The purpose of this research was to examine the difference in maternal food intake during pregnancy between mothers having children with or without AD. One hundred forty-eight mothers with children aged under 2 years with AD (AD group, n=74) or without AD (non-AD group, n=74) were included in the study. Diet during pregnancy was examined using a food frequency questionnaire. There were no differences in the status of mothers' food consumption during pregnancy between the AD and non-AD groups. Mothers in the AD group consumed significantly less white fish (P<0.05), carrot & pumpkin (P<0.01), walnut & pine nut (P<0.05), mandarin & orange (P<0.05), and peach (P<0.05) than those in the non-AD group. As food frequencies were categorized according to <1/month, 1~3/month, 1~6/week, and 1~3/day, lower consumption of carrot & pumpkin (Odds Ratio (OR)=6.67, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.98~22.44), tomato (OR=5.11, 95% CI=1.62~16.08), mandarin & orange (OR=8.64, 95% CI=1.59~46.81), and walnut & pine nut (OR=3.85, 95% CI=1.26~11.77) increased the risk of childhood AD. According to the results, maternal food intakes during pregnancy were significantly different between the AD and non-AD groups. Therefore, further studies are necessary to examine the causal relationship between maternal food intake and prevalence of AD in children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 1996

We studied the effects of fish oil supplementation with low does on the lipid concentration and fatty acid of plasma and the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte of lactating women. The subjects, 18 lactating women, who were exclusively breast-fed their babies were classifed into a control group and 2 fish oil groups according to dose; the subjects of fish oil groups were supplemented with 1.96g/d or 3.92g/d of fish oil, respectively for 2 weeks from 10 to 12 weeks postpartum. All subjects consumed their usual diet at home. Blood sample were collected at the final day of experiment. The plasma HDL-cholesterol level increased significantly by fish oil supplementation. The concentrations of DHA (docesahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) in the plasma PC(phosphatidylcholine) and PE (phosphatidylethanolamine)of fish oil groups tended to increase, but not significant. However, the concentrations of DHA and EPA of PC and PE in erythrocyte were not affected by fish oil supplementation. These results demonstrate that fish oil supplementation with low dose does not change the concentration of plasma lipid as well as fatty acid composition in plasma PC and PE and red blood cell obviously. However the increase of plasma HDL-cholesterol level, the reduction of atherogenic index(AI) and the tendency of increase of DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma PC and PE indicate that there may be some beneficial effects on maternal lipid metabolism if fish oil intakes were increased.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives of the current study were to study the main environmental factors affecting birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW), estimate variance components, genetic parameters and genetic trend and to evaluate the variability and relationships among breeding value of BW and WW using principal components analysis (PCA). Methods: A total of 16,370 records were collected from 8,271 buffalo calves. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using a bivariate animal model which includes direct, maternal and permanent maternal effects. These estimates were standardized and used in PCA. Results: The direct heritability estimates were 0.06 and 0.41 for BW and WW, respectively whereas direct maternal heritability values were 0.03 and 0.14, respectively. Proportions of variance due to permanent environmental effects of dam were 0.455 and 0.280 for BW and WW respectively. The genetic correlation between BW and WWs was weak approaching zero, but the maternal correlation was 0.26. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were estimated utilizing the standardized breeding values according to Kaiser method. The total variance explained by the first two PCs was 71.17% in which 45.91% and 25.25% were explained by PC1 and PC2, respectively. The direct breeding values of BW were related to PC2 but those of WW and maternal breeding values of BW and WWs were associated with PC1. Conclusion: The results of genetic parameters and PCA indicate that BW and WWs were not genetically correlated and improving growth traits of Egyptian buffaloes could be achieved using WW without any adverse effect by BW.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the taxonomic differences in the characteristics of Rhodeus ocellatus and Acheilognathus yamatsutae during their early life history via an interspecific hybridization experiment. Results showed that the hatching rates of the cross-bred eggs were 60% for cross OY (R. ocellatus ♀×A. yamatsutae ♂) and 70% for cross YO (A. yamatsutae ♀×R. ocellatus ♂). The dorsal fin rays of YO were similar to those of R. ocellatus. The hybridization test of A. yamatsutae and R. ocellatus living in the same water stream revealed that no interspecies reproductive isolation occurred. OY and YO showed similar maternal and paternal characteristic. The juvenile of OY did not resemble both paternal and maternal fin rays, indicating a difference. The hatching larvae of the hybrids showed the morphological characteristics of their parents but varied in terms of the shapes of their parts.