• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.440-441
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• 2007

For this study, terbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Tb) phosphor powders were prepared via the combustion process using the varous reagents. The characteristics of the synthesized nano powder were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). Single-phase cubic YAG:Tb crystalline powder was obtained at $1000^{\circ}C$ by directly crystallizing it from amorphous materials, as determined by XRD techniques. The SEM image showed that the resulting YAG:Tb powders had uniform sizes and good homogeneity. The photoluminescence spectra of the YAG:Tb nanoparticles were investigated to determinethe energy level of electron transition related to luminescence processes. There were three peaks in the excited spectrum, and the major one was a broad band of around 274 nm. Also, the YAG:Tb nanoparticles showed two emission peaks in the range of 450~500 nm and 525~560 nm, respectively, and had maximum intensity at 545 nm.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.301-312
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• 2006

Experimental research revealed that the spatial dispersion of aggregate grains exerts pronounced influences on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. Therefore, insight into this phenomenon is of paramount importance. Experimental approaches do not provide direct access to three-dimensional spacing information in concrete, however. Contrarily, simulation approaches are mostly deficient in generating packing systems of aggregate grains with sufficient density. This paper therefore employs a dynamic simulation system (with the acronym SPACE), allowing the generation of dense random packing of grains, representative for concrete aggregates. This paper studies by means of SPACE packing structures of aggregates with a Fuller type of size distribution, generally accepted as a suitable approximation for actual aggregate systems. Mean free spacing $\bar{\lambda}$, mean nearest neighbour distance (NND) between grain centres $\bar{\Delta}_3$, and the probability density function of ${\Delta}_3$ are used to characterize the spatial dispersion of aggregate grains in model concretes. Influences on these spacing parameters are studied of volume fraction and the size range of aggregate grains. The values of these descriptors are estimated by means of stereological tools, whereupon the calculation results are compared with measurements. The simulation results indicate that the size range of aggregate grains has a more pronounced influence on the spacing parameters than exerted by the volume fraction of aggregate. At relatively high volume density of aggregates, as met in the present cases, theoretical and experimental values are found quite similar. The mean free spacing is known to be independent of the actual dispersion characteristics (Underwood 1968); it is a structural parameter governed by material composition. Moreover, scatter of the mean free spacing among the serial sections of the model concrete in the simulation study is relatively small, demonstrating the sample size to be representative for composition homogeneity of aggregate grains. The distribution of ${\Delta}_3$ observed in this study is markedly skew, indicating a concentration of relatively small values of ${\Delta}_3$. The estimate of the size of the representative volume element (RVE) for configuration homogeneity based on NND exceeds by one order of magnitude the estimate for structure-insensitive properties. This is in accordance with predictions of Brown (1965) for composition and configuration homogeneity (corresponding to structure-insensitive and structure-sensitive properties) of conglomerates.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1950-1957
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• 2004

Analysis for structures composed of materials containing regularly spaced in-homogeneities is usually executed by using averaged material properties. In order to evaluate the effective properties, a unit cell is defined and loaded somehow, and its response is investigated. The imposed loading, however, should accord to the status of unit cells immersed in the macroscopic structure to secure the accuracy of the properties. In this study, mathematical description for the periodicity of the displacement field is derived and its direct implementation into FE models of unit cell is attempted. Conventional finite element code needs no modification, and only the boundary of unit cell should be constrained in a way that the periodicity is preserved. The proposed method is applicable to skew arrayed in-homogeneity problems. Homogenized in-plane elastic properties are evaluated for a few representative cases and the accuracy is examined.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.15-218
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• 1999

Concrete is the most generous, universal main structural material. There is active study for processing quality, stable quality mangement. Especially, strength is basic factor of evaluating stability of concrete building. Regaining required strength and homogeneity is very important to get self-stability in building to evaluate another characteristic. Concrete strength is important to the quality management. But, result of hardened concrete's quality test is hardly reflected to works immediately. When required strength is not enough, it could bring out safe problem, economic and administrative cost. It is pointed out that problems from strength evaluation, so early evaluation of concrete quality is required. From the trend that accelerating high quality concrete development, improving the method of quality test and early evaluation measure is urgent project. Throughout this report, it is suggested the method with use of microwave to evaluate 28-days concrete strength.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.7 s.88
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• pp.524-528
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• 2006

Although equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), imposing large plastic shear strain deformation by moving a workpiece through two intersecting channels, is a promising severe plastic deformation method for grain refinement of metallic materials, its batch type characteristic makes ECAP inefficient for multiple-passing. Rotary-die ECAP (RDECAP) proposed by Nishida et al. can achieve high productivity by using continuous processing without taking out the samples from the channel. However, plastic deformation behavior during RD-ECAP has not been investigated. In this study, material plastic flow and strain hardening behavior of the workpiece during RD-ECAP was investigated using the finite element method. It was found that plastic deformation becomes inhomogeneous with the number of passes due to an end effect, which was not found seriously in ECAP. Especially, decreasing corner gap with increasing the number of passes was observed and explained by the strain hardening effect.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 1994

KLN crystals were grown with various melt compositions by $\mu\textrm{m}$-PD method. The composition of KLN crystals was determined by DTA and X-ray diffraction measurements. It can be obtained that KLN micro crystals have a nearly homogeneous composition along the growth axis because of the absence of convection in melt growth interface.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

In this study, interaction of several interface cracks located between a functionally graded material (FGM) layer and an elastic layer under anti-plane deformation based on the distributed dislocation technique (DDT) is analyzed. The variation of the shear modulus of the functionally graded coating is modeled by an exponential and linear function along the thickness of the layer. The complex Fourier transform is applied to governing equation to derive a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy type kernel. These equations are solved by a numerical method to obtain the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tips. The effects of non-homogeneity parameters for exponentially and linearly form of shear modulus, the thickness of the layers and the length of crack on the SIFs for several interface cracks are investigated. The results reveal that the magnitude of SIFs decrease with increasing of FG parameter and thickness of FGM layer. The values of SIFs for FGM layer with exponential form is less than the linear form.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.92-99
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• 2003

Quality inspection of textile products is an important problem for fabric manufacturers. This paper presents an automatic vision-based system for quality control of web textile fabrics. Typical web material is 1-3m wide and is driven with speeds ranging from 20m/min to 200m/min. At the present, the quality assessment procedures are performed manually by expert. But worker can not detect more than 60％ of the present defect and inspect the fabric if moving faster than 30m/min. To increase the overall quality and homogeneity of textile, an automated visual inspection system is needed fur the productivity. However, the existing inspection system are too expensive to purchase for small companies. In this paper, the proposed PC based real-time inspection algorithm gives low cost textile inspection system, high detection rate with good accuracy and low rate of false alarms. The method shows good results in the detection of several types of fabric defects.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 2002

There are many problems in wire fabrication of long length Bi-2223 superconductor by using conventional extrusion method. They are mainly due to high surface resistance and inhomogeneous distribution of inner stress. Hydrostatic extrusion process will not only decrease the extrusion pressure but also enhance homogeneous deformation of material by reducing friction force between billet and container Hydrostatic extrusion method is considered to be useful fur fabrication of the homogeneous wire with high density. In this paper, hydrostatic extrusion process is introduced to fabricate Bi-2223 superconducting tape, and also discussed are the interface homogeneity and microstructural aspects of extruded BSCCO/Ag billet.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

Evaluating the effective properties of materials containing various types of in-homogeneities is an important issue in the analysis of structures composed of those materials. A simple and effective method for the purpose is to impose the periodic displacement boundary conditions on the finite element model of a unit cell. Their theoretical background is explained based on the purely kinematical relations in the regularly spaced in-homogeneity problems, and the strategies to implement them into the analysis and to evaluate the homogenized material constants are introduced. The creep behavior of a thin sheet with square arrayed rectangular voids is characterized, where the orthotropy is induced by the presence of the voids. The homogenization method is validated through the comparison of the analysis of detailed model with that of the simplified one with the effective parameters.