• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2022

Parametric studies of heat transfer and fluid flow are very important research of interest because the design and operation of fluid flow and heat transfer systems are guided by these parametric studies. The safety of the system operation and system optimization can be determined by decreasing or increasing particular fluid flow and heat transfer parameter while keeping other parameters constant. The parameters that can be varied in order to determine safe and optimized system include system pressure, mass flow rate, heat flux and coolant inlet temperature among other parameters. The fluid flow and heat transfer systems can also be enhanced by the presence of or without the presence of particular effects including gravity effect among others. The advanced Generation IV reactors to be deployed for large electricity production, have proven to be more thermally efficient (approximately 45% thermal efficiency) than the current light water reactors with a thermal efficiency of approximately 33 ℃. SCWR is one of the Generation IV reactors intended for electricity generation. High Performance Light Water Reactor (HPLWR) is a SCWR type which is under consideration in this study. One-eighth of a proposed fuel assembly design for HPLWR consisting of 7 fuel/rod bundles with 9 coolant sub-channels was the geometry considered in this study to examine the effects of system pressure and mass flow rate on wall and fluid temperatures. Gravity effect on wall and fluid temperatures were also examined on this one-eighth fuel assembly geometry. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, STAR-CCM+, was used to obtain the results of the numerical simulations. Based on the parametric analysis carried out, sub-channel 4 performed better in terms of heat transfer because temperatures predicted in sub-channel 9 (corner subchannel) were higher than the ones obtained in sub-channel 4 (central sub-channel). The influence of system mass flow rate, pressure and gravity seem similar in both sub-channels 4 and 9 with temperature distributions higher in sub-channel 9 than in sub-channel 4. In most of the cases considered, temperature distributions (for both fluid and wall) obtained at 25 MPa are higher than those obtained at 23 MPa, temperature distributions obtained at 601.2 kg/h are higher than those obtained at 561.2 kg/h, and temperature distributions obtained without gravity effect are higher than those obtained with gravity effect. The results show that effects of system pressure, mass flowrate and gravity on fluid flow and heat transfer are significant and therefore parametric studies need to be performed to determine safe and optimum operating conditions of fluid flow and heat transfer systems.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1999

The present study experimentally investigated the effect of refrigeration lubricant on the heat transfer performance in the straight sections and U-bend of a microfin tube evaporator by using R-22/mineral oil and R-407C/POE oil. The apparatus consisted of test section with U-bend, preheater, condenser, oil injection and sampling devices, magnetic pump, mass flow meter etc. The experimental parameters were oil concentration of 0 to 5 wt%, inlet quality of 0.1 to 0.5, mass flux of 219 and $400kg/m^2s$ and heat flux of 10 and $20kW/m^2$. The effects of parameters on the heat transfer coefficients were large in the order of inlet quality, mass flux and heat flux as oil concentration got increased. As oil concentration was increased, heat transfer coefficients were continuously decreased for R-22 and increased by 3% up to the concentration of 1% and then decreased for R-407C under the condition of large inlet quality, and small mass flux and heat flux. But, the heat transfer coefficients were increased up to the concentration of 3% and then decreased for both R-22 and R-407C refrigerants under the opposite conditions. The variation of enhancement factors for R-407C was under 50% of that for R-22 and the variation with respect to the positions in the test section was small. The pressure drops were increased for both R-22 and R-407C refrigerants as oil concentration was increased. The pressure drops for R-407C were smaller by the maximum of 18% than those for R-22.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

The evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of $CO_2$(R-744) in a horizontal tube was investigated experimentally. The main components of the experimental apparatus are a receiver, a variable-speed pump, a mass flow meter, a pre-heater and an evaporator(test section). The test section consists of a horizontal stainless steel tube of 4.57 mm inner diameter. The experiments were conducted at mass flux of $200{\sim}1000\;kg/m^2s$ saturation temperature of $0{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, and heat flux of $10{\sim}40\;kW/m^2$. The test results showed that the heat transfer coefficient of $CO_2$ has a greater effect on nucleate boiling more than convective boiling. Mass flux of $CO_2$ does not affect nucleate boiling too much. In comparison with test data and existing correlations, All of the existing correlations for the heat transfer coefficient underestimated the experimental data. However lung et al.'s correlation showed a good agreement with the experimental data. The evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ increases with increasing mass flux and decreasing saturation temperature. When comparison between the experimental pressure drop and existing correlations. Existing correlations failed to predict the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1994년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.51-52
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• 1994

High permeability, selectivity and stability are the basic properties also required for membrane gas separations. The $CO_2$ separation by liquid membranes has been developed as a new technique to improve the permeability and selectivity of polymeric membranes. Sirkar et al.(1) have atlempted the hollow-fiber contained liquid membrane technique under four different operational modes, and permeation models have been proposed for all modes. Compared to a conventional liquid membrane, the diffusional resistance decreased by the work of Teramoto et al.(2), who referred to a moving liquid membrane. Recently, Shelekhin and Beckman (3) considered the possibility of combining absorption and membrane separation processes in one integrated system called a membrane absorber. Their analysis could be predicted effectively the performance of flat sheet membrane, however, there are restrictions for considering a flow effect. The gas absorption rate is determined by both an interfacial area and a mass transfer coefficient. It can be easily understood that although the mass transfer coefficients in hollow fiber modules are smaller than in conventional contactors, the substantial increase of the interfacial area can result in a more efficient absorber (4). In order to predict a performance in the general system of hollow-fiber membrane absorber, a gas-liquid mass transfor should be investigated inevitably. The influence of liquid velocity on both a mass transfer and a performance will be described, and then compared with experimental results. A present study is attempted to provide the fundamentals for understanding aspects of promising a hollow-fiber membrane absorber.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

중대사고시 금속용융물층의 열속 집중 현상(Focusig effect)에 대해 상부와 측면벽의 냉각 조건과 높이를 변화시키면서 실험과 수치해석을 수행하였다. 상사성(Analogy) 원리를 이용해 열전달 실험 대신 물질전달 실험을 수행하였으며 황산-황산구리 수용액의 전기도금계를 물질전달계로 채택하였다. $Ra_H$ 수 $8.49{\times}10^7{\sim}5.43{\times}10^9$ 범위에서 상부와 측면벽의 냉각 조건을 세 가지로, 높이를 네 가지로 변화시키면서 열전달을 측정하였다. 상부만 냉각인 경우의 실험결과를 동일한 조건인 Rayleigh-Benard 자연대류 상관식과 비교한 바 Dropkin과 Somerscales, Globe와 Dropkin의 상관식과 매우 일치하였다. 측면벽만 냉각인 경우, 상부와 측면벽 모두 냉각인 경우, 상부만 냉각인 경우 순으로 열전달이 감소하였고, 냉각 조건을 고정한 상태에서 높이를 감소시킬수록 측면 열전달이 향상되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

CO₂소화장치의 CO₂노즐과 방호공간 내 벽 사이의 거리변화에 따른 유동 및 CO₂질량전달효과를 분석하기 위하여 CO₂노즐과 후측 벽 사이의 거리를 변화시키면서 전산모이실험을 3차원 비정상상태로 수행하였다. 유동장과 CO₂소화제 농도장을 계산하였다. CO₂노즐과 후측 벽 사이의 거리 증가에 따라 다른 재 순환 유동형태와 벽면제트기류가 형성되었다. CO₂ 소화제 질량전달은 모든 경우에서 각 벽으로부터 방호공간의 중앙으로 일어나지만 CO₂소화제 노즐의 전 후 영역의 CO₂질량분율은 CO₂노즐과 벽 사이의 거리 증가에 따라 높거나 낮게 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 핀-관 열교환기의 공기측 열전달, 마찰 그리고 물질특성을 조사하기 위하여 6종의 열교환기에 대하여 습조건에서 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 핀은 루버형으로 핀피치, 관 열수 그리고 입구상대습도를 변화하였다. 루버핀-관 열교환기의 열전달계수와 마찰계수는 레이놀즈 수가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 핀피치가 줄어들수록 열전달계수는 감소하였고 마찰계수는 증가하였다. 3열 열교환기의 열전달계수와 마찰계수의 핀피치 변화에 따른 영향은 2열 열교환기의 경우보다 덜 민감하였다. 그리고 유입공기의 상대습도에 대한 열전달계수와 마찰계수의 변화폭은 크지 않았다. 또한, 루버핀-관 열교환기의 물질전달계수는 핀피치가 감소할수록 줄어들었으나, 레이놀즈 수 변화에 따른 물질전달계수는 열전달계수와는 달리 관 열수에 따라 서로 다른 경향을 보였다. 유입공기의 상대습도가 높아질수록, 물질전달계수는 다소 줄어 들었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 1997

In advanced nuclear reactors, the passive containment cooling has been suggested to enhance the safety. The passive cooling has two mechanisms, air natural convection and oater cooling with evaporation. To confirm the coolability of PCCS, many works have been performed experimentally and numerically. In this study, the water cooling test was performed to obtain the evaporative heat transfer coefficients in a scaled don segment type PCCS facility which have same configuration with AP600 prototype containment. Air-steam mixture temperature and velocity, relative humidity and well heat flux are measured. The local steam mass flow rates through the vertical plate part of the facility are calculated from the measured data to obtain evaporative heat transfer coefficients. The measured evaporative heat transfer coefficients are compared with an analytical model which use a mass transfer coefficients. From the comparison, the predicted coefficients show good agreement with experimental data however, some discrepancies exist when the effect of wave motion is not considered. Finally, a new correlation on evaporative heat transfer coefficients are developed using the experimental values.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1485-1495
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• 1997

The present study investigates heat/mass transfer around film cooling jets and circular cylinders to compare the characteristics of each other. Experiments are conducted to obtain the detailed heat/mass transfer coefficients of flat plate with injections through an array of holes and for flows around an array of protruding circular cylinders using the naphthalene sublimation technique. The inclination angles of cylinders are set to the same ones of jets; a, the angle between the jet and the surface is fixed at 30 deg. through the whole experiments and .betha., the angle between the projection of the jet on the surface and the direction of main stream is adjusted to 0 deg., 45 deg. and 90 deg. to investigate the effect of variation of injection angles. The influence of blowing rates of jets and those of cylinder length to diameter ratios are also investigated. The results indicate that the increase of angle .betha. influences the spanwise uniformity of heat/mass transfer remarkably for both jets and cylinders, but that variation of cylinder length to diameter ratios has weaker effects on heat/mass transfer coefficients than that of blowing rates.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.289-296
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• 2004

The present study has been performed to investigate the influences of rectangular fins on heat transfer in an impingement/effusion cooling system with crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2 times of the hole diameter. The crossflow passes between the plates, and various rectangular fins are installed on the plates. Reynolds number based on the hole diameter is fixed to 10,000 and the flow rate of crossflow is changed from 0.5 to 1.5 times of that of the impinging jet. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to obtain the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate. Also to analyze the flow characteristics, a numerical calculation is performed. When rectangular fins are installed, the flow and heat transfer pattern is changed greatly from case without fins. In the injection hole region, the jet impinges on effusion plate without deflection and wall jet spreads symmetrically. In the effusion region, the crossflow accelerates due to the decrease of cross-sectional area in the channel. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients are enhanced significantly compared to case without fins. As the blowing ratio increases, the effect of fins against the crossflow becomes more significant and then the higher average heat/mass transfer coefficients are obtained than the case without fins.