• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권4호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2020

Finite element (FE) model based structural damage detection (SDD) methods play vital roles in effectively locating and quantifying structural damages. Among these methods, structural model updating should be conducted before SDD to obtain benchmark models of real structures. However, the characteristics of updating parameters are not reasonably considered in existing studies. Inspired by the l_∞ norm regularization, a novel anti-sparse representation method is proposed for structural model updating in this study. Based on sensitivity analysis, both frequencies and mode shapes are used to define an objective function at first. Then, by adding l_∞ norm penalty, an optimization problem is established for structural model updating. As a result, the optimization problem can be solved by the fast iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (FISTA). Moreover, comparative studies with classical regularization strategy, i.e. the l₂ norm regularization method, are conducted as well. To intuitively illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a 2-DOF spring-mass model is taken as an example in numerical simulations. The updating results show that the proposed method has a good robustness to measurement noises. Finally, to further verify the applicability of the proposed method, a six-storey aluminum alloy frame is designed and fabricated in laboratory. The added mass on each storey is taken as updating parameter. The updating results provide a good agreement with the true values, which indicates that the proposed method can effectively update the model parameters with a high accuracy.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2000

Studies were made on the optimization of media to c비tivate Thraustochytrium aureum A TCC 34304 for the enhanc엉d p production of linoleic acid. The medium optimization was made with the artificial sea water medium. Yeast extract, sodium g glutamate, peptone and tryptone were considered as nitrogen source. The effect of $\infty$ncentration of nitrogen source as well a as initial glucose on the production of linoleic acid were investigated to optimize the media. The maximum yield of lipid was 0 0.302 mg/g cell mass when initial glucose $\infty$ncentration was 10 g/L and sodium glutamate was used as nitrogen source, a and the yield of linoleic acid to unit cell mass was also maximum to be 8 % in that case. The highest linoleic acid c concentration was obtained in the initial glucose concentration 30 g/L regardless of the kinds of nitrogen source and the | linoleic acid concentration was 0.208 g/L when peptone was supplemented to be 2 g/L.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2008

Bovine hepatic extract is recognized as possessing detoxifying activity against various liver diseases. In orderto develop a process for its mass production, various enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were tested, and bovine hepatic extracts were prepared. These extracts were then examined for composition, microorganism levels, and vitamin $B_{12}$ content. Among the enzymes tested, papain was selected based on yields for dry residue and amino nitrogen. The other enzymes tested included bromelain, ficin, pancreatin, and protease NP. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were established at 65$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr, with an addition of 1%(w/w) papain to the beef liver. The prepared spray-dried bovine hepatic extract showed an 11% recovery yield on a raw beef liver basis, with 95% dry residue and 11.8% total nitrogen content. Microorganisms were not detected in the dried extract, and its vitamin $B_{12}$ content was 4.1 ${\mu}$g/g. In summary, the conditions established in this study could be applied for the high yield mass production of bovine hepatic extract.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Numerical study on the new design of the liquid mass flow meter in infinitesimal flow rate for semiconductor production is performed. The heater and thermistor are wired on the circular tube about 0.3mm inner diameter with designed gap between them. After the time interval from the single pulse heating the thermistor reaches its peak temperature and this time interval is almost inversely proportional to the liquid mass flow rate. The axial conduction in tube wall and convection through the flow is combined. As a result, the peak temperature moving velocity is much smaller than flow mean velocity and there is no linear relationship between them. In this study, the effects of design parameters such as the tube inner/outer diameter, wired heater width, and the gap between heater and thermistor are investigated and the trends of optimization in these parameters are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2001

The effects of various operating parameters(agitation speed, impeller type, antiform agents, impeller spacing etc.) on air-liquid mass transfer was characterized by volumetric mass transfer coefficient($k_La$). Also, the dual-impeller agitated systems are compared with single-impeller agitated systems with a special focus on its applications for bioreactors, $k_La$ was take over a range of 200~450 rpm of agitation speed, and 0.5~2.5 vvm of air flow rates, for four single impeller and impeller combinations consisting of four impeller types, namely rushton, pitched blade, scaba, intermig were tested. The rushton impeller showed the best $k_La$ as compared with other single impellers. The dual impeller system are found to be superior as compared to single impeller in all aspects, The best combination of the dual impeller was a intermig of axial flow type as an upper impeller and a rushton of radial flow type as a lower part. Also, the control of the DO level with the variation of agitation speed was more efficient than that with an increase in air flow rate. The addition of antiform dropped the $k_La$ very large up to 1g/L regardless the type. PPG was less effect on $k_La$ than other antiforms. The impeller spacing and presence of solute are found very effective on $k_La$. When the $NaNO_3$is presented as solute, the $k_La$ increased approximately 50% then control.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to verify the transfer function of input acceleration and output control force by linearizing a velocity-dependent damping term of Liquid Column Vibration Absorber (LCVA). Analytical and experimental research is conducted to identify natural frequency, damping ratio and participated mass ratio of LCVA with various section ratios of vertical and horizontal areas. Findings obtained experimentally by the shaking table test are compared with analytical findings using optimization technique with constraints. The results indicate that the level of liquid and section ratio of LCVA affect the characteristics of damping ratio and mass ratio. Damping and mass ratio increase as the section of vertical column of LCVA decreases, due to turbulence in the elbow of LCVA.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2021

We aimed to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method of nannozinone A, active metabolite of Nannochelins A extracted from the Myxobacterium Nannocytis pusilla, in mouse plasma using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mouse plasma samples containing nannozinone A and 13C-caffeine (internal standard) were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method with methyl tert-butyl ether. Standard calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 1 - 1000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.998) with the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision results less than 15%. LLE method gave results in the high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 78.00-81.08% with limited matrix effect in the range of 70.56-96.49%. The pharmacokinetics of nannozinone A after intravenous injection (5 mg/kg) and oral administration (30 mg/kg) of nannozinone A were investigated using the validated LC-MS/MS analysis of nannozinone A. The absolute oral bioavailability of nannozinone A was 8.82%. Plasma concentration of nannozinone A after the intravenous injection sharply decreased for 4 h but plasma concentration of orally administered nannozinone A showed fast distribution and slow elimination for 24 h. In conclusion, we successfully applied this newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of nannozinone A to the pharmacokinetic evaluation of this compound. This method can be useful for further studies on the pharmacokinetic optimization and evaluating the druggability of nannozinone A including its efficacy and toxicity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.2253-2261
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• 2022

In this study, nano-scaled shielding materials were assembled and fabricated by doping different weight percentages of Nano-mercuric oxide (N-HgO) into Nano-Bentonite (N-Bent) based on using (100-x% N-Bent + x% N-HgO, x = 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt %). The fabricated N-HgO/N-Bent nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM and evaluated to evaluate their shielding properties toward gamma radiation by using four different γ-ray energies form three point sources; 356 keV from ¹³³Ba, 662 keV from ¹³⁷Cs as well as 1173, and 1332 keV from ⁶⁰Co. The γ-rays mass attenuation coefficients were plotted as a function of the doped N-HgO concentrations into N-HgO/N-Bent nanocomposites. The computed values of mass attenuation coefficients (µ_m), effective atomic number (Z_eff) and electron density (N_el) by the as-prepared samples were found to increase, while the half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) were identified to decrease upon increasing the N-HgO contents. It was concluded also that the increase in N-HgO concentration led to a direct increase in the mass attenuation coefficient from 0.10 to 0.17 cm²/g at 356 keV and from 0.08 to 0.09 cm²/g at 662 keV. However, a slight increase was observed in the identified mass attenuation coefficients at (1172 and 1332 keV).

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1072-1078
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• 2002

The constrained motion requires the determination of constraint force acting on unconstrained systems for satisfying given constraints. Most of the methods to decide the force depend on numerical approaches such that the Lagrange multiplier method, and the other methods need vector analysis or complicated intermediate process. In 1992, Udwadia and Kalaba presented the generalized inverse method to describe the constrained motion as well as to calculate the constraint force. The generalized inverse method has the advantages which do not require any linearization process for the control of nonlinear systems and can explicitly describe the motion of holonomically and/or nongolonomically constrained systems. In this paper, an explicit equation to describe the constrained motion is derived by minimizing the performance index, which is a function of constraint force vector, with respect to the constraint force. At this time, it is shown that the positive-definite weighting matrix in the performance index must be the inverse of mass matrix on the basis of the Gauss's principle and the derived differential equation coincides with the generalized inverse method. The effectiveness of this method is illustrated by means of two numerical applications.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

Enzymatic hydrolysis of dark muscle of skipjack was optimized by using response surface methodology. Three factors of independent values were pH (4.2 to 9.8), time (0.6 to 3.4 hrs) and temperature (34℃ to 76℃), and independent values were optical density and brix. The optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were pH 7.0 to 8.0, 55℃ and 3 hrs. The headspace volatile compounds of reaction flavors using the enzymatic hydrolysate, cysteine and xylose were identified by using the combination of a canister system, gas chromatography and mass selective detector. Among 67 compounds, we identified 8 sulfur-containing compounds and 7 furans which were thought to be highly related to meat-like flavors.