• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

Purpose - This study investigated xenophobia that has been a serious social problem, and classified multi-cultural groups in Korea into married immigrant, foreign labor workers and foreign students studying in Korea to examine the effects of fixed idea on multi-cultural persons, multi-cultural education experience, multi-cultural sensitivity, good feeling on multi-cultural persons upon social distance with multi-cultural persons, and to find out counteractions and cultural capacity on the xenophobia. Research design, data, and methodology - The study classified multi-cultural persons into married women immigrant, foreign labor worker, and foreign students studying in Korea to examine the effects of their thoughts on cultural cognition. Self-administered questionnaire was used. The subject was college students in Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam and Chungcheong with industrial complexes, more married women immigrants and more foreign students studying in Korea. Results - As shown in the findings, Korean people had different emotion and preference on married immigrant or foreign students studying in Korea and foreign labor workers. Conclusions - This study investigated the effect of multi-cultural person's cultural distance upon xenophobia. Different preference to multi-cultural persons depending upon fixed idea might produce xenophobia, so that the government was demanded to establish various kinds of policies of lives to live life together with immigrant at government level.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.35-55
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• 2019

Objective: In this study, I explored the difficulties and rewards of the experience of married middle-aged five women with jobs through narrative inquiry. The graduate course work of married women with jobs is accompanied by more difficulties due to the multiple roles of wife, mother, worker, and student. Methods: Data from this study were collected through in-depth interviews. It took 15 weeks from September 1, 2017 to December 20, 2017. Six in - depth interviews were conducted for each of the five participants, and 60 to 120 minutes were required for one meeting. Results: The researchers gathered stories of married middle-aged women who had undergone doctoral studies and divided them into three categories: 'motivation for entry, difficulty during doctoral study, and rewarding during doctoral study'. Conclusion/Implications: This is expected to be a concrete resource for supporting married middle-aged women in doctoral programs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

This study attempts to examine the effect of family friendly work policies on the work-family balance of employed married women with young children. While previous research has investigated the effects of family friendly work policies, the effects has often been confounded with the effects of other covariates such as worker's and workplace's characteristics. In this study, we try to distinguish the effects of the family friendly work policies from those of other covariates. We draw a sample of 131 employed married women with children under age 12 from the $2^{nd}$ National Korean Family Survey. We compare the level of work-famiy balance of the women by the type of workplace: public sector, large enterprise, medium enterprise, and small enterprise. The results of this study show that some of the differences in the work-family balance of the women working in the different type of workplace can be attributed to socio-demographic background of the women and the work characteristics of workplace. There is, however, an effect of family friendly policies on the work-family balance between those who work in public sector and in medium enterprise after controlling the effects of the covariates.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.435-446
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the this study is to investigate parenting stress of married dental hygienists having preschool and school aged children. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 242 married dental hygienists from September to December, 2015 via e-mail and ordinary mail. The questionnaire consisted of demographics, job-related characteristics, family life satisfaction, and parenting stress. The data were analyzed using Stata 13.0 program. Results: As for job-related characteristics, 36.6% of the subjects answered 'not possible' in work hour flexibility. The reasons why family-work balance is difficult were 'parenting and education(58.7%)' and 'burden of family-work balance(32.4%)'. Family life satisfaction was 3.03, and parenting stress was 2.41. Parenting stress gets higher if their children are younger, monthly income is lower, and mother/father's age are lower. And parenting stress becomes higher if their career as dental hygienists is less, they are contract worker, and frequency to change jobs is higher. Concerning the reason why work-family balance is difficult, parenting stress is found to be high when they choose 'parenting and education', 'burdens of work-family balance', and 'relationship in workplace'. Family life satisfaction reduced parenting stress. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, frequency to change job influences parenting stress. Conclusions: Parenting stress increases turnover and career interruption of married dental hygienists. It is hard to improve work environment without policy support. It will be necessary to establish policy for employed mothers and create a work atmosphere where the policy can be utilized without difficulty.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.425-432
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• 2016

This study is focused on defining what is their career goals and the standard to set up the goals as an individual married immigrant women. Marriage immigrant women are expected to have higher difficult than Korean women do in reality, so the research will figure out what career goal marriage immigrant women have to achieve the goal. As the results, the data has been collected from seven of the married immigrant women through in-depth interview, the conclusion is as followed: First, career goal for married immigrant women turns out self-reliance and valuable life. Career is used in wide spread range including a job, and their career goal is for being a self-employed, a travel guide, an english teacher, and a regular worker. They have various goal for valuable life to feel that their living is better than monetary stuff, to have a healing tour through music, and to exchange with foreign scholars and train junior scholars. They hope they can be confident as a part of the Korean society and be able to help others and to see themselves as valued to live a life.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to identify K.A.P. of industrial workers on health management. The study was conducted Dec 5, 1992 to March 10, 1993. The results were as follows : 1. The total Score of K.A.P. of industrial worker on the Knowledge of industrial health management was 2.52, the Attitude score was 42, the Practice score 2, 62. 2. The office workers' score on K.A.P.(T=-2. 11, P=.038) Attitude score(T=-2.03, P=.045) were higher than that of productive workers' 3. The K.A.P. score of married worker was higher than that of single workers, and showed significant differences statistically. 4. There are significant statistical differences in the Attitude score of workers according to age(F=2.26, F=.0304). 5. There were statistically significant differences among total Scores of K.A.P. (F=3.1141, P=.0498). Practice score(F=8.4421, P=.0004), Knowledge Score (F=3.5833, P=.0323). Performed 84.7%. 6. The relationship between industrial worker's health level score and industrial health status had reverse relationship(R=-.7689. P<.001) Therefore the companies that performed better health management attained a higher health level.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.59-83
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand why female labor force participation rates decline in early times after their marriage. Data were derived from the 4th(2001) to 9th(2006) Korea Labor & Income Panel Study. 194 Korean married women in twenties and thirties who had a job before marriage were analyzed. Survival analysis was used to explore the first labor force exit of married women longitudinally. The major findings are as follows. First, nearly half of them went away from labor market in the first 3 years after marriage. Second, child birth was the most significant factor in predicting women's labor force exit. Married women's employment discontinuity tend to be lowered after child birth, with working hour decreasing, and with the number of available family-friendly policies increasing. Married women's income encouraged them to hold on their career, though husband's income and household income were not significant. Third, married women tended to leave their job before giving birth. Women who remained in the labor market at child birth or until a year after birth were inclined to continue their job thereafter. Fourth, maternity leave and childcare leave diminished the probability of employment discontinuity. Many working wives could not use a maternity leave or childcare leave. This study shows married women usually underwent labor market exit in their newly married time. They cannot help facing conflict between the role of mother's and a worker's. Family-friendly policies could encourage working wives to rear child and continue work at the same time. The findings of this study could serve as fundamental material for further studies and would be a key to find effective solution for problematic issues on reconciling work and family.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.465-473
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between worker's health belief in health promotion programs and their demographic, health, and health behavior characteristics. Methods: This study used survey data from 262 small- and large-scale workplaces. The study included 1149 male and female workers who completed the questionnaires. Results: The health belief score increased significantly with age and length of service. Male, married, shift-work, and white-collar workers showed a significantly higher health belief score than female, single, non-shift-work, and blue-collar ones. Workers with disease history, hypertension, or obesity had a significantly higher health belief score. Regular exercise was significantly correlated with the health belief score. When all the variables were included in the model, the health belief score was significantly higher in workers who were married, had a longer length of service, worked in the sales department, were diagnosed with hypertension, exercised regularly, and felt fatigue. Conclusion: The results showed that workplace intervention programs meet more the needs of workers who have a higher health belief score. In addition, given that healthier life style was related to a higher health belief score, further research is required to find how to change health behavior in workers.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2006

The objective of this study were to explore rural adults' awareness of marriage. The data were collected from 369 adults 20 aged and over living in the rural and analysed by marital status and sex, using SPSS/win program. The major finding of this study were as follows; 1) In the mate selection, rural adults valued personality(41.9%) above everything else without difference in sex or marital status. However, while most of unmarried women preferred white collar worker, educated in the college and over, and $1{\sim}4$ older than them, most of married and unmarried men preferred housewives, educated in the high school, and $3{\sim}4$ younger than them. Also, women wanted to live in the urban after the marriage. 2) In connection with wedding ceremony, most of rural adults preferred modern wedding ceremony, appropriately within their circumstance, and general ceremony hall except the unmarried women. 3) Only 45.9% of unmarried women agreed to marriage compared to 74.5% of unmarried men. The unmarried, especially unmarried women, liked more than the married to love marriage. 4) Rural women have more modern attitude toward the marriage than rural men.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2006

In order to obtain basic reference information for the establishment of effective industrial safety programmes in migrant workers who live in Seoul and Kyungin Area, accident causes were investigated among 210 injured workers. The data were analyzed according to the USA Standards Institute and International Labour Organization method. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The major distribution of national were mostly from china(82.9%), ages are mostly between 30 and 40 years old(32%), and males are more than females, and mostly married. 2. The parts of body most frequently injured were hand and finger, foot and toe, which were 55.3% of total 210 cases. 3. According to the accident type, caught in, under or between were most frequently observed, 40.2% of the total number of injuries. 4. The most responsible source of injuries were power machine, others, moving machine and tool, building construction. 5. According to the unsafe acts, carelessness and unsafety information were most frequently observed, 66.7% of the total number of injuries. 6. There were significantly difference(p<0.05), between type of accident and source of injury, and between working period and unsafe act.