• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.661-669
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the difference in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction by gender and to explore the influences of demographic status. employment characteristics. and job satisfaction/marital satisfaction on each type of satisfaction. Method: Social statistics survey data collected by National Statistical Office in 1998 were used for the secondary analysis in the study. Job satisfaction was measured by questionnaires, which consisted of 12 items such as task, promotion, placement, wage, benefits, future in the work, working environment, human relationship. and working hours. And marital satisfaction was collected by questionnaires which consisted of 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Result: The results show that more than 60% of women were working as part-time employees. Their education levels were lower than men. Men were satisfied significantly more in their jobs than women. Men also had higher marital satisfaction. The employment status had the most important factor on the job satisfaction. and the marital satisfaction was the second important factor among women and men. As for the age, while older men showed higher job satisfaction, younger women showed higher job satisfaction, 28.04% of the variance in the job satisfaction for men and 33.86% for women were accounted for by the following variables: the younger age. the higher education. job satisfaction, and the higher marital satisfaction, 22.15% of the variance in the marital satisfaction for men and 21.19% for women were accounted for by these variables. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were differences in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction between genders, and that job satisfaction and marital satisfaction influenced each other. Employment status was the most predictive factor on the job satisfaction. Married women had an unstable employment status such as part-time position. The stability of employment could be considered as a strategy for enhancing job satisfaction for both sexes. The reason that women had lower marital satisfaction than men will have to be further investigated.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.1 s.60
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• pp.72-81
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between health behavior patterns and demographic, socio-economic characteristics, health status, health information in Korea. The quantification method through canonical correlation analysis was conducted to the data from Korea National Health Survey in 1995, which consisted of 5,805 persons. The health lifestyle patterns were quantified as good diet lifestyle, passive lifestyle to the negative direction and drinker lifestyle, smoker lifestyle, hedonic lifestyle and fitness lifestyle to the positive direction. The covariate were related to health lifestyle patterns in the order of sex, age, marital status, occupation, health information, economic status, level of physical labour and health status. Characteristics of male, age below 50, married, blue colored worker, no health information, low in economic status, heavy level of physical labour, and poor in health status were positively related to drinker lifestyle, smoker lifestyle, hedonic lifestyle, fitness lifestyle sequentially.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.931-946
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• 2015

Many multiple life insurance products consider benefits that are contingent on the combined survival status of two lives. To value premiums of the insurance products accurately, we need to consider the impact of the survivorship of one life on another. To show a dependence relation between married couple, we calculate correlation coefficients by using married couples data from National Pension Service and the results show some positive dependence between them. Moreover, by analyzing the death after bereavement, we find a evidence that mortality rates increase after the death of a spouse and, in addition, that this phenomenon, the broken-heart syndrome, diminishes over time. The results of this study can support the method to calculate the premium of multiple life insurance reflecting more realistic joint mortality rates.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.321-331
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing decreasing depressive mood of married women with depression. Methods: Data that integrate the Korean longitudinal survey of women and families in 2014 and 2016 were used. Subjects for this study were 974 people who participated in the fifth survey in 2014 and the sixth survey in 2016, and married women were included in the depression group in the fifth survey. The data was analyzed with $x^2$ test, t-test, and logistic multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The decreased-depression group's depression decreased from 11.78 points in the fifth survey to 6.31 points in the sixth survey. This study showed that main factors such as age (OR=0.96, p=.002), educational level (OR=0.54, p=.007), economical status (OR=0.62, p=.037), satisfaction with marriage life (OR=1.15, p<.001), use of medical services (OR=1.65, p=.002), and physical activity (OR=1.08, p=.019) help decrease married women's depression. Conclusion: This study findings indicate a need to develop the strategies to increase satisfaction for marriage life and physical activity and to enhance health promotion to decrease depression among depressed married women.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.147-164
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• 2008

The goal of this study was to examine the economic and cultural factors that influenced the intention of having a second child. In particular, this study intended to examine whether the factors related to the intention of having a child differed by the employment status of married women. The data for this study were drawn from the National Survey on the Trend of Marriage and Birth. This survey was conducted in 2005 by Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs. The sample consisted of 690 married women who had one child(282 employed and 408 unemployed). The data were analyzed by logistic regression with SAS 9.1 program. The results showed that the employed women's intention of having a second child was affected by the husband's hours of housework, having a own mother(child's grandmother) and the perception of value of child. The employed women's intention of having a second child was affected by the perception of emotional value of child, and the sex of the first child. In sum, there were differences between the employed women and the unemployed women in the variables affecting the intention of having a second child. Perception of value of child was found important for both the employed and the unemployed women. Besides husband's hours of housework, having a mother and the needs for public support about child birth and rearing were found significant for the employed women. For the unemployed women, the costs of child care/education and the sex of the first child were found significant. The findings of this study suggested that different policy interventions be developed to satisfy the needs of the employed women and the unemployed women.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

Black has played a more important role in the history of fashion than other colors. In general, black was regarded as a color of negative images. However, as people have recognized the aesthetic value of black color, they have expressed unique and various images of black through the medium of clothes. This study was based on both theory research and actual survey, where survey sheets were distributed to collect data. For data analysis, SPSS 10.0, a statistics software, was used, and frequency, pecentage, t-test, ANOVA test, and Duncan test were adopted and analyzed. The survey was conducted on 608 men over 20 in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province, and other areas for two months from May 20, 2005 to July 25, 2005. The analysis showed the following results. First, Dignity was the mostly cited image of black color among men followed by modernity, sorrow, feminineness, abstinence, and sensuality. Second, Men showed different responses according to their age. In sum, men more strongly recognize abstinence and sensuality in black dress as they become older. Marital status significantly affected men's recognition of black dress in terms of abstinence and sensuality. Abstinence was more strongly recognized by married men than single men. In addition, married men pointed out sensuality of black dress more frequently than single men. In short, married men tended to recognize abstinence and sensuality more easily than single men. Education level clearly affected men's recognition of dignity, modernity, and abstinence in black dress. In sum, as men got higher education, they tended to increasingly recognize dignity and modernity in black dress. In conclusion, this study has proved that black dress has unique aesthetic values and reflects various images according to age, marital status, education level.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2006

The objective of this study were to explore rural adults' awareness of marriage. The data were collected from 369 adults 20 aged and over living in the rural and analysed by marital status and sex, using SPSS/win program. The major finding of this study were as follows; 1) In the mate selection, rural adults valued personality(41.9%) above everything else without difference in sex or marital status. However, while most of unmarried women preferred white collar worker, educated in the college and over, and $1{\sim}4$ older than them, most of married and unmarried men preferred housewives, educated in the high school, and $3{\sim}4$ younger than them. Also, women wanted to live in the urban after the marriage. 2) In connection with wedding ceremony, most of rural adults preferred modern wedding ceremony, appropriately within their circumstance, and general ceremony hall except the unmarried women. 3) Only 45.9% of unmarried women agreed to marriage compared to 74.5% of unmarried men. The unmarried, especially unmarried women, liked more than the married to love marriage. 4) Rural women have more modern attitude toward the marriage than rural men.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1993

The purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To estimate the amounts of differences in service expenditures resulting from the effects of mother's marital and employment status. 2) To find out the relationship of socio-economic variables to expenditures for time-saving durables and services Data were taken from the 1988-1989 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The sample consisted of 2,216 families with 334 single-mother families and 1,792 married-mother families. Tobit regres-sion analyses were used to test of variables related to expenditures for (a) food away from home. (b) clothing care (c) child care (d) domestic services and (e) total services. The results of this study were as follows; 1) The percentage difference from non-employed married-mother families was higher for employed single-mother families than for other types of families indicating the positive effect on expenditures on market substitutes of mother's marital and employment status. 2) The father's wage rate was associated only with expenditures for domestic services. A positive relationship was found between family nonlabor income and domestic services Total family income was positively associated with expenditues for all dependent variables. There was a negative relationship between expenditures for child care and age of mother squared. Mother's education was associated with expenditures in all categories. Families of nonwhite spent less on time-saving durables. food away from home, and total services and spent more on apparel services than families of white mothers. The presence of young child was positively related to total services and child care services and negatively related to food away from home.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

This research explores the generational similarities and discrepancies of socio-demographic and housing statuses between young adult children leaving the parental home and their parents. Utilizing the 20th Korean Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), this study identified a total of 609 households who have left their parent home from 1999 to 2017. Two-thirds of the adult children were married couples while the rest was singles. Children's educational level was higher, and their household size was smaller than their parents. Both generations were mainly headed by employed and married men. The vast majority of the adult children lived in the same area with their parents and lived as tenants in much smaller housing than their parents. On the contrary, most parents were homeowners of a large single-family home. The generational differences were clearly observed in housing tenure, housing structure, and housing size. Although leaving parents' home is part of a transition to adulthoods (depending on the stability of the labor market and the affordability in the housing market), that process was largely triggered by the employment status that can lead to economic independence rather than their marital status. Both housing and job opportunities are important factors to determine independent life.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-132
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• 2014

This study examined the use of Facebook in United Arab Emirates. There were two objectives of this study. The first purpose was to identify the motive for the use of Facebook among people in U.A.E. This study conducted the survey using both qualitative and quantitative methods. One hundred eighty-three working people were used from the survey. Thirty-five questions identified from the interviews were used for the questionnaire design in quantitative method. Factor analysis showed six factors namely usefulness, usage, reliability, making new friends, ethical issue and openness of information. The total variance explained by all the factors was fifty-two percent. This study also examined the demographic variables whether they would play an important role in using the social network site. The study included two more variables, income and married status, which were not frequently examined by previous studies. MANOVA showed statistical significant differences (p < .01) across six factors. ANOVA results showed that gender variable affected only the factor of openness of information. Males were more likely to share their information compared to females. Income variable affected all the factors except the openness of information. The results showed that high-income people had the highest meanscores on three factors (usage, reliability, making new friends) while low-income people had the highest means on usefulness and ethical factors.Marital status had significant effects on usefulness, reliability, and ethical factors. Married people had the low scores on reliability and ethical factors. Lastly, education variable had no effect on all the factors examined.