• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Lately due to the sudden growth of the construction of an apartment complex in domestic market, many construction companies are eager to provide various public facilities to increase the apartment distribution rate. An introduction of a fitness center is popularized as a part of such development. There has been a continuing development in a private fitness based on analyzing the user's data. However a public fitness is quite different from the private in terms of a user's classification, preference rate, the pattern of use, and location which requires a different facility plan. Nevertheless, all these days a public fitness in an apartment house has been developed without a specific facility plan based on relevant materials. It is worried that such development would cause the facilities not to function as appropriate resident facilities and sink to idle ones. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to make the standard considered in facility planning in future and the base to guide an applying method. In the paper the present condition of fitness centers inside apartment houses has been compared to analyze the progress of the existing facilities and the appropriateness of the organization and the structure division. The result of the research shows that public resident facilities is not the place to perform passive role for fixed activities but one to form a community through the human relationship based on the facility. Therefore a fitness center inside the apartment complex have to be designed to provide service and leisure space as one of main community facilities for residents. To obtain this purpose, when choosing facilities of an apartment complex, first of all the residents' standard of living, apartment size, residents' distinction rate of age and sex, the needs of the times should be fully considered Secondly, the size of each facility space have to be decided based on the practical data analysis in facility use such as space preference, average staying time. Also, future living culture requires the change of the function and space according to the change of social values, so continuing research and data analysis are required to related to fitness center inside an apartment complex in order to present systematic approaching method and the paper will be expected to be a little step toward it.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.259-270
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• 2013

This paper defined the concept of unsold land and diagnosed the cause of unsold land of LH business site. The results are showing as follows. First, unsold land is defined as land could not be sold until the completion of the project, and plan to sell the unsold land can be changed partially. Second, the status of unsold land in the 226 project sites were analyzed. $146km^2$ area corresponding to 74.8% of the total capital area($195km^2$) are unsold. By purpose, co-residential($38km^2$), industry($21km^2$), exclusive residential($16.4km^2$), commercial business($12.5km^2$), education($10.2km^2$) was larger in order. Third, value enhancement target project sites were selected and its symptoms and the cause of unsold land were analyzed. For the project site over average unsold rate, 6 sites located in province and 2 sites located in capital region were selected through collecting the practitioners and expert opinion. These 8 sites are characterized that sale of land for medium and large co-residential, urban support facilities, block-shaped house and attached house was inactive. Also, these sites commonly experienced economic fluctuations, changes in market demand, supply and demand mismatch, inflexible planning standards.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Laser Processing Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.0-0
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• 1998

-Part I- As market needs become more various, the production of smaller quantities of a wider variety of products becomes increasingly important. In addition, in order to meet demands for more efficient production, long-term unmanned factory operation is prevailing at a remarkable pace. Within this context, laser machines are gaining increasing popularity for use in applications such as cutting and welding metallic and ceramic materials. FANUC supplies four models of $CO_2$ laser oscillators with laser power ranging from 1.5㎾ to 6㎾ on an OEM basis to machine tool builders. However, FANUC has been requested to produce laser oscillators that allow more compact and lower-cost laser machines to be built. To meet such demands, FANUC has developed six models of Slab type YAG laser oscillators with output power ranging from 150W to 2㎾. These oscillators are designed mainly fur cutting and welding sheet metals. The oscillator has an exceptionally superior laser beam quality compared to conventional YAG laser oscillators, thus providing significantly improved machining capability. In addition, the laser beam of the oscillator can be efficiently transmitted through quartz optical fibers, enabling laser machines to be simplified and made more compact. This paper introduces the features of FANUC’s developed Slab type YAG laser oscillators and their applications. - Part II - All-solid-state lasers employing laser diodes (LD) as a source of pumping solid-state laser feature high efficiency, compactness, and high reliability. Thus, they are expected to provide a new generation of processing tools in various fields, especially in automobile and aircraft industries where great hopes are being placed on laser welding technology for steel plates and aluminum materials for which a significant growth in demand is expected. Also, in power plants, it is hoped that reliability and safety will be improved by using the laser welding technology. As in the above, the advent of high-power all-solid-state lasers may not only bring a great technological innovation to existing industry, but also create new industry. This is the background for this project, which has set its sights on the development of high-power, all-solid-state lasers with an average output of over 10㎾, an oscillation efficiency of over 20%, and a laser head volume of below 0.05㎥. FANUC Ltd. is responsible for the research and development of slab type lasers, and TOSHIBA Corp. far rod type lasers. By pumping slab type Nd: YAG crystal and by using quasi-continuous wave (QCW) type LD stacks, FANUC has already obtained an average output power of 1.7㎾, an optical conversion efficiency of 42%, and an electro-optical conversion efficiency of 16%. These conversion efficiencies are the best results the world has ever seen in the field of high-power all-solid-state lasers. TOSHIBA Corp. has also obtained an output power of 1.2㎾, an optical conversion efficiency of 30％, and an electro-optical conversion efficiency of 12%, by pumping the rod type Nd: YAG crystal by continuous wave (CW) type LD stacks. The laser power achieved by TOSHIBA Corp. is also a new world record in the field of rod type all-solid-state lasers. This report provides details of the above results and some information on future development plans.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption patterns of traditional Korean rice cake among college students. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 512 college students in the Seoul, Kyunggi, Chungchung, Kyungsang, Junla and Gangwondo areas. The data were statistically analysed using frequency analysis, chi-squared and t-tests and a one-way ANOVA. By examining the results of the student's perceptions of traditional Korean rice cake, it was found that most know little, or only a moderate amount, about this type of food. Meanwhile, more than half the students liked traditional Korean rice cake, as this type of food satisfied their need for a traditional Korean taste, while the reason for disliking was that they were more familiar with western-style confectionary. Most students answered that they only ate traditional Korean rice cake on special occasions, such as big holidays or ceremonies for the dead ancestors. Most answered that they bought those foods at conventional markets, the mile in the neighborhood, (Eds note: I dont't understand, do you mean, “within a mile of their neighborhood”\ulcorner) or atbig malls. The factor they considered the most important at the time of purchase was the quality (taste), which demonstrates the need for the development of traditional Korean rice cakes, with new tastes and shapes, which still satisfy the Korean's taste, whilemaintaining the traditional taste. For the questions that asked about the problems faced by the traditional Korean rice cake manufacturing industry, and the reasons for low consumption, the students responded that buying this type of food was difficult as the outlets selling themwere not easy to find. Our results seem to suggest that there are almost no specialty stores for the sale of traditional Korean rice cake compared to the other types of cakes that are scattered all over the country. (Eds note: this is only my opinion, and I maybe wrong, but I would have thought that trying to market traditional Korean rice cakes at local convenience stores, rather than speciality stores, would make them more available to the general public. Their marketing at speciality stores will maintain the status quo, i.e. people will go to the speciality stores to purchase product for holidays and special occasions, whereas they will go to the local convenience stores to buy general everyday snacks etc.)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.224-234
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• 2017

This paper compares the realities of the salary Peak Policy's status and management processes in Korea and Japan, with the aim of determining the development direction for Korea's salary Peak Policy's. Unlike Japan, which successfully achieved close cooperation between government, firms and workers in implementing the Retirement Age Extension Type salary Peak Policy, Korea experienced many problems due to lack of preparation. In order to rationally develop the salary Peak Policy, the government, firms, and workers must cooperate to increase the policy's efficiency via the following steps. First, gradually increase the proportion of retirement age extension. Second, career development that takes into account the various employment types, flexible working hours and aged workers. Third, development of training programs for senior citizen workers, as well as increasing support for changing of jobs and startups. Fourth, expansion of re-employment after retirement age and ways to make use of the skilled labor. Fifth, increasing work efficiency through bonuses and work evaluation that is specialized for aged workers. This paper argues that such measures are necessary for the co-existence of firms and workers, as well as for improving employment stability and labor market flexibility.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.63-101
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• 2013

This article firstly explores into the concepts, components, and pictures of institutional realization of competition and diversity respectively on the premise that competition and diversity comprise the primary objectives to be pursued by the broadcasting-related laws which provide the concrete measures of media policy, and argues that while the competition objective has differentiation factors, there are also particularities in the diversity value in the broadcasting-related laws as sector-specific competition laws. Then assuming that special competition rules including structural regulatory measures particularly in the broadcasting market are required in order to realize values of competition and diversity harmoniously, this article suggests the following improvement directions for regulations aimed at protection of competition and diversity in the broadcasting-related laws. The first one is with the improvement method for regulations aimed at protection of competition. Regulation on share of audience as an ex ante regulation of status and regulation on prohibited activities as an ex post regulation of conduct may play important roles in substituting the causative regulation while seeking for diversity value. For this purpose, it is needed to develop a concrete method that incorporates diversity-related factors as consideration factors in the standard for determining illegality of prohibited activities by inference to methods of determining illegality in the competition law. The second one is with the improvement method for regulations aimed at protection of diversity. This could be considered from three viewpoints that are the setting of regulatory objectives, the identification of alternative regulatory measures, and the choice of regulatory measures and levels suitable for regulatory objectives. From these viewpoints, the regulatory framework should be improved mainly with institutional measures in which diversity value is used for tools of assessment and analysis, not just remaining as mere rhetorical devices, and whether or to what extent to maintain regulations seemingly unreasonable in terms of harmonization with economic objectives such as competition should be discreetly reviewed.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.185-216
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• 2014

It has been two years since the national certificate of Arts & Culture Education Instructor(ACEI) was implemented the 2012 amendment to the Arts & Culture Education Act. Separate from the initial policy goals, students who attend the program to achieve ACEI certificate share various expectations, motivations and intents. The purpose of the research is to understand the collective identity of future ACEIs to evaluate the initial policy implementation during the period when the collective professional identity has not been fully formed yet. This research studies the data that were collected from 172 students who were attending one of the official ACEI institutes in Seoul area. As one of qualitative research methods, Questionnaire Method was employed to conduct this phenomenological study. James E Marcia's theory provides the theoretical framework for the data analysis of this study. The research results indicate that many students'identity status are between Identity Diffusion and Moratorium, which raises concerns for both arts and cultural fields as well as the policy success. Therefore, this research will relate these findings to the larger arts and culture infrastructure in order to better prepare them as arts and cultural professionals and also to stress the importance of the job market development and social environment that can accept them.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.215-221
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• 2019

The respiratory medical device is a medical device that delivers optimal oxygen or a certain amount of humidification to a patient by delivering artificial respiration to a patient through a machine when the patient has lost the ability to breathe spontaneously. These include respirators for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anesthesia or emergency situations, and positive airway pressure devices for treating sleep apnea, and as the population of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and elderly people worldwide surge, the market for the respiratory medical devices it is getting bigger. As the demand for both airway pressure devices, there is a problem that the ventilator standard is applied because the reference standard has not been established. Therefore, the boundaries between the items are blurred due to the purpose, intended use, and method of use overlapping similar items in a respiratory medical device. In addition, for both airway pressure devices, there is a problem that the ventilator standard is applied because the reference standard has not been established. Therefore, in this study, we propose clear classification criteria for the respiratory medical devices according to the purpose, intended use, and method of use and provide safety and performance evaluation guidelines for those items to help quality control of the medical devices. And to contribute to the rapid regulating and improvement of public health. This study investigated the safety and performance test methods through the principles of the respiratory medical device, national and international standards, domestic and international licensing status, and related literature surveys. The results of this study are derived from the safety and performance test items in the individual ventilator(ISO 80601-2-72), the International Standard for positive airway pressure device (ISO 80601-2-70), The safety and performance of humidifiers (ISO 80601-2-74) and the safety evaluation items related to home healthcare environment (IEC 60601-1-11), In addition, after reviewing the guidelines drawn up through expert consultation bodies including manufacturers and importers, certified test inspection institutions, academia, etc., the final guidelines were established through revision and supplementation. Therefore, in this study, we propose guidelines for evaluating the safety and performance of the respiratory medical device in accordance with growing technology development.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.374-381
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• 2019

A conventional approach for the treatment of long-span edentulous areas is the use of removable dentures. However, placing implants in these areas results in superior functional outcomes by increasing the stability, support, and resistance of the prostheses and improving the masticatory efficiency. Treatment modalities utilizing implants can be further classified into either removable or fixed-type prostheses. Several factors such as the amount of alveolar bone resorption, inter-arch relationship, patient preferences, and socioeconomic status should be considered when determining the appropriate treatment approach. Monolithic zirconia has been considered a suitable material for implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis, because of the drastic improvement in its mechanical properties. It exhibits fewer incidences of fracture and chipping of the prostheses, and has greater bulk of material than metal-ceramic crowns and zirconia-veneered ceramics. Moreover, highly translucent monolithic zirconia is also available in the market, and its application is gradually increasing for anterior tooth rehabilitation. The present report describes a patient who underwent full-mouth rehabilitation with fixed dental prostheses (eight upper and three lower implant placements). All teeth, except bilateral mandibular canines and left mandibular first and second premolars, were extracted after the diagnosis of generalized chronic moderate-to-advanced periodontitis of the remaining teeth. The patient reported satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes during the one-year follow-up visit.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.93-116
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• 2009

As the popularity of logistics service outsourcing has been continuously growing, one of the most frequently addressed issues is how to estimate the effect of cost reduction for users and profit gains from outsourcing contract for providers. Many manufacturing companies agree that logistics outsourcing helps to reduce their operating costs, but some other companies still do not achieve the cost saving or do not trust logistics service providers, so they keep up in-house logistics operations. On the other hand, logistics service providers have low profitability from domestic business activities since they should meet the requirements for highly customized and diverse services from customers and unstable market situation. This study provided the status report dealing with logistics service contracts in Korea. From the focused group interview with logistics professionals, we found out that service scope, scale and cost structure are the most influential factors affecting logistics service contracts. Also, logistics service providers are more sensitive than users regarding value-added logistics service, contract duration and process. Moreover, this study also proposed the standard clauses for logistics service contract and types of logistics contract applied in current logistics fields. As a result, it is expected that these achievements from this study can be utilized to improve the satisfaction of logistics outsourcing in upgrading service quality and customer service level.