• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.5A no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2005

In many countries, the electric power industry is undergoing significant changes known as deregulation and restructuring. These alterations introduce competition in generation and retail and require open access to the transmission network. The competition of the electric power industry causes many issues to surface. Among them, unbundling of the transmission service is probably the most complicated as it is a single and integrated sector and the transmission revenue requirement must be allocated to market participants in a fair way. In these situations, it is valuable to research the methodologies to allocate transmission usage. The power tracing method offers useful information such as which generators supply a particular load or how much each generator (load) uses a particular transmission line. With this information, we can allocate required transmission revenue to market participants. Recently, several algorithms were proposed for tracing power flow but there is no dominant power tracing method. This paper proposes a power tracing method based on graph theory and complex-current distribution. For practicability, the proposed method for transmission usage allocation is applied to IEEE 30 buses and compared with the method proposed by Felix F.Wu.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze women's street fashion in Shenyang and to understand the regional design preference. The city, Shenyang is not only known as the one of three major northeastern province in China, but also known as the city where large numbers of Korean fashion companies have launched in. The observation focused mainly on young/young adults and missy in Oe Market and ZungJie(中街) which are the most busy streets in Shenyang. A digital camera or a camcorder were used to take photos of these women. In addition, video captures or photos were analyzed by three fashion experts. Finally, the photos were classified by item and data was coded for statistics and reviewed through frequency and percentage. As a result, it was found that most young women in Shenyang liked to wear a casual style such as easy t-shirt, denim pants or skirt and a feminine style such as a one-piece dress in summer. Top items that were favoured by young women in Shenyang were t-shirts and blouse types, while they favoured to wear denim pants of indigo blue for bottom items. Frequently found colors among these womens' clothing were white, black, vivid blue, red and red purple. I strongly believe this study will provide basic but significant information for the establishment of design and marketing strategies to the Korean fashion brands, who is trying to access Chinese fashion market.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2011

This study aimed to predict retail sales of local markets in Jinan city of China with the Huff model. Using the Huff Model, we examined whether the predicted retail sales of local markets may be different in Jinan, China, from the department stores, supermarkets, shopping centers/shopping malls, and home appliance stores. The probability that a customer shops at location depends upon the store size and the travel time factors calculated by the Huff Model. We found that the predictedretail sales of shopping malls have a greater value than others. People who live in a mid-sized city may have easier access to any stores within the city boundary than people in metropolitan areas. Therefore, people in a mid-sized city are more sensitive to store size, because a bigger store size means greater opportunities, incentivizing consumers to travel further to competing stores after passing by nearer, smaller stores. This study has some limitations. First, the data is somewhat restricted in that the subject stores do not represent all of the stores in Jinan. Second, we cannot compare the estimated market share of the stores and the actual sales data. It is further suggested in this study that more databases be developed throughout such East Asian countries as Korea and Japan and that a different parameter λ value in the Huff Model be utilized for mid-sized cities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1217-1230
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• 2021

Using a multinomial logit model with the panel-data set of Vietnam manufacturing firms, this paper investigates the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) - small and medium enterprises (SMEs) linkages and other factors on SMEs' participation in the global value chain (GVC). We consider GVC firms are those engaging in any of the three modes including (i) using domestic inputs to export (D2E), (ii) using imported inputs to produce for the domestic market (I2P), (iii) using imported inputs to export (I2E). We discover that FDI-SME linkages statistically encourage Vietnamese SMEs to integrate into the GVC via I2P and I2E, while no statistical association between FDI-SME linkage and D2E participation is found. GVCs participation likelihood is also positively correlated with the introduction of new product introduction. The establishment of firms' production facilities in industrial zones and foreign ownership are both reported to be significantly decisive factors to SMEs' decisions on GVC participation. Besides, there is a strong association between firms' attributes, i.e. employment, capital intensity as well as financial access, and their participation in the GVC. Local governance quality (proxied by the Provincial Competitiveness Index) and the share of skilled labor at the province-level can facilitate firms' integration into GVCs, while greater market concentration may be a hurdle to such potential.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Wi-Fi provides some low-power connection solutions that other Bluetooth cannot provide, and at the same time brings many benefits. First, there is a potentially higher data rate: it can reach 230mbps. Wi-Fi coverage is also wider than competitors, and its operating frequency is also 5GHz, which is much less congested than 2.4GHz. Finally, it also supports IP networks, which is important if you want to send data to the cloud without complexity. The 802.11ac standard of the previous generation still accounts for most shipments (80.9%) and revenue (76.2%). However, there is a limit to accepting IoT devices that will continue to increase significantly in the future. To solve this problem, the new Wi-Fi 6 standard is expected to be the solution (IEEE 802.11ax) which is quickly becoming the main driving force of the wireless local area network (WLAN) market. According to IDC market research analysts, in the first quarter of 2020, independent access points (APs) supported by Wi-Fi 6 accounted for 11.8% of shipments, but 21.8% of revenue. In this paper, we have compared and analyzed the IoT connectivity, QoS, and security requirements of devices using Wi-Fi 6 network.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.313-324
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• 2022

We investigate the impacts of tariff, tariff-rate quota, conformity assessment, and traceability requirements set by the rice importers using panel data of 17 rice exporters exporting to 119 countries in two years 2015 and 2018, using both Ordinary least square (OLS) and Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPLM) methods. Results from our gravity models strongly indicate that tariff and tariff rate quota remain significantly detrimental to the world's rice exporters because these measures place downward pressure on the rice exporters' prices and the importers' import quantity, creating barriers to market participation. Our study also provides strong evidence about the role of origin certificates in allowing rice exporters to gain access to foreign markets. Meanwhile, regulatory standards such as traceability requirements and logistical and distributional requirements imposed by the rice importers are found to be major obstacles to rice importation from less-developed countries. Our study provides insights into tariff and non-tariff barriers existing in the global rice market, which is likely to assist policymakers operating in developing countries to help shape their policies and bolster rice competitiveness.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1007-1012
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• 2005

Although the design-build (DB) delivery system has been taking great strides in the world and relevant researches have also been quite abundant, few studies have dealt with its potential impacts on the construction industry as a whole. This research first identified the potential entry barrier factors, which may hinder the market access, based on the theory of industrial economics and characteristics of DB project. Then through a nation-wide questionnaire survey involving 103 construction contractors and engineering consultants, the influences of each factor on company's competitiveness and corporate strategies were scrutinized, and consequently, the evolution of the construction industry was examined. It is found that as opposed to the traditional design-bid-build delivery system, the DB delivery system elevates competitive advantages of large organizations in terms of the financial capability, working experience, human resource, and administrative strength, and among them, the financial strength was concluded to be the most significant force in differentiating corporate strategies and widening the gap of competitiveness between companies. It is inferred if the government extensively adopts DB delivery system, large organizations that already possess the competitive advantage tend to obtain both design and construction abilities, and dominate the DB market. Small and medium sized companies will find little room to maneuver and be forced to become specialty sub-contractors.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.141-160
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• 2021

The scale of global FDI has been decreasing since 2016 due to the ongoing US-China trade dispute, the strengthening of FDI inflow screening regulations with concern over strategic technology leaks, and the spread of reshoring trends due to the reinforcement of national preferences. Eventually, the competition to attract FDI between countries is expected to become more intense. Therefore, in order to attract high-quality FDI for Korea that will contribute to the development of the national economy, it is pressing to evaluate and improve the domestic FDI attraction environment. This study aims to analyze which areas of Korea's economic and non-economic environments need improvement for gaining advantage amid the fierce competition to attract FDI between countries, by the relative comparison between Korea and the U.S., and based on the ranking indicated in key FDI attractiveness indices. As a result, improvement is needed in the following areas. First, according to IMD's "World Competitiveness Ranking 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of business efficiency, productivity, finance and business legislation in terms of government efficiency. Second, according to INSEAD's "Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of internal openness, external openness, employability, lifelong learning, access to growth opportunity, and business and labor landscapes. Third, according to WEF's "Global Competitiveness Index 2019", Korea was inferior to the US in terms of product market, labor market, business dynamism and workforce skills.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

According to a research by global IT market research institute IDC, CSIM(Converged Security Information Management) market of Korea was estimated to be 1.7 trillion KRW in 2010, and it has grown approximately 32% every year since. IDC forcasts this size to grow to 12.8 trillion KRW by 2018. Moreover, this case study exemplifies growing importance of CSIM market worldwide. Traditional CSIM solution consists of various security solutions(e.g. firewall, network intrusion detection system, etc.) and devices(e.g. CCTV, Access Control System, etc.). With this traditional solution, the the data collected from these is used to create events, which are then used by the on-site agents to determine and handle the situation. Recent development of IoT industry, however, has come with massive growth of IoT devices, and as these can be used for security command and control, it is expected that the overall amount of event created from these devices will increase as well. While massive amount of events could help determine and handle more situations, this also creates burden of having to process excessive amount of events. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss potential events that can happen in CSIM system and classify them into 3 groups, and present a model that can categorize and process these events effectively to increase overall efficieny of CSIM system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.12C
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• pp.1258-1267
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• 2003

As the need for stable and high speed wireless Internet service Brows, the wireless LAN service provider hurries to preempt wireless LAN service market. IAPP(InterAccess Point protocol) is defined to be able to provide a secure handoff mechanism of wireless LAN terminal information between AP(Access Point)s, and the related IEEE standard is IEEE 802.11f. For the secure handoff of wireless LAN terminal, it is necessary to transfer terminal's authentication & accounting information securely from old AP to new AP IEEE 802.11f recommends RADIUS server as IAPP server which authenticates AP and provides information for secure channel between APs. This paper proposes IAPP server using Diameter protocol to overcome the limit of RADIUS sewer, and describes about the interaction between server components and integration method with the current IAPP client system.