• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

Recently, many countries are promoting the rapid development of marine for securing territorial sea. The importance of territorial sea has being emphasized as territorial disputes among countries has been increasing. The South Korea should be encouraged to expand the territory due to territorial disputes with neighborhood countries. The purpose of this study is to derive a improvement plan for the efficient control of the territorial base point through analyzing the existing territorial base point and checking the territorial base point. Therefore, we proposed a variety of new plans for accurate positioning by sea level observation and MBES, reduced the surveying procedure through analyzing the existing territorial base points and provided a basis for the territorial base points which can be the 2nd grade national control points by improving a grade. We also suggested that the territorial base points and sub-territorial base points' database should be given standardized number for increasing the efficient management of other national control points and territorial base points. Finally, we suggested a improved work regulation about analysis and maintenance for territorial base points, the information activity of territorial base points and the new plan of community relations. This study will be a basis for the foundation of maritime territory which could be superior to other countries and the expansion of maritime territory.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to do GIS-based suitable site selection using Scope for Growth index of Styela clava in Jindong Bay. The aquaculture of Styela calva is only conducted in Korea, especially Jindong Bay. Suspended culture of Styela clava was initiated in 2001 and the annual production reached 15,084M/T, but declined to 1,412M/T in 2005. The annual production was increased slightly to 2,484M/T in 2012 but the production is lower than the beginning yield. Scope for Growth(SFG) can indicate interrelationships between environment and organism growth index in aquaculture. GIS-based suitable site selection can be available by the concept of SFG, and fishery management system can be constructed for the sustainable production. As a result of the assessment of habitat suitability, Jindong Bay's SFG value ranges 0.054~0.57J/day and Styela clava farm's SFG values range 0.054~0.57J/day, either. The correlation between Styela clava farm's SFG and the actual production has a good result, as r=0.786, p<0.05. The construction of fishery management system using habitat suitability index ensures the reasonable site selection and the sustainable production in aquaculture farm. It introduces an objective method for the interrelationships between the environmental variation and the organism growth. Consequently, it can promote the decision making practices for the sustainable fishery management.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2017

This study described the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the Ulsan Coastal Waters (UCW). Surface sediment samples from 15 stations revealed the occurrence of 33 species involving the Groups Protoperidinioid (51.5%), Gonyaulacoid (30.4%), Calciodineloid (9.1%), Gymnodinioid (3.0%), Diplopsallid (3.0%) and Tuberculodinioid (3.0%). The recorded cyst abundance in the UCW recorded was low ($260{\sim}1,680cysts\;g-dry^{-1}$) compared to Korean coastal waters. The abundance of heterotrophic cysts is higher in the Ulsan harbour and northwestern parts of UCW with eutrophic areas, however autotrophic species are more prevalent in the southern parts with open sea environments. The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the UCW were characterized by the dominance of Gonyaulax scrippsae, Protoperidinium sp. (Brigantedinium sp.), and Gonyaulax spinifera complex. The advent of the toxic dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense var. bahamense was recorded for the first time in the East-south sea of Korea. Therefore, as a result of ongoing monitoring and management for new toxic dinoflegallates from tropical or subtropical regions, analysis of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the UCW has been deemed necessary.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2018

In order to provide important information for the efficient management of the identified farm ecosystem in Jinju Bay, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of the phytoplankton community using a UPLC pigment analysis and a CHEMTAX program from the timeframe of February 2013 to January 2014. In addition, we measured the available physical and chemical parameters controlling the distribution of the phytoplankton communities. As a result of this comprehensive pigment analysis, it was noted that the Diatoms were the predominant species with an average of 77.1% as noted located in Jinju Bay. It was discovered that during the summer season, the phytoplankton community composition was changed by a reduction of diatoms and noted increases of the Cryptophytes, Prasinophytes, and Dinoflagellates. Especially, it was noted that the Cryptophytes and Prasinophytes were shown with an average of 18.8% and 17.8% in June, respectively. However, it was revealed that the Cryptophytes and Prasinophytes were not shown by a microscopic observation. The phytoplankton community composition was correlated with the temperature and salinity variations as noticed in the Jinju Bay. Therefore, the water temperature and freshwater inputs in the Jinju Bay were important environmental factors for controlling the phytoplankton community composition and the varying Cryptophytes and the noted amounts of Prasinophytes as well.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.227-238
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• 2006

Line density index(LDI) was developed to quantify a densely isothermal line rate as standard index in the ocean environment. Theoretical background on the LDI development process restricting index range 0 to 100 was described. And validation test was done for the LDI application condition that total line length is not greater than 1/10 of unit area. NOAA SST(Sea Surface Temperature) data were used for the experimental application of LDI in the South Sea of Korea. Using GIS, $0.1^{\circ}C$ isothermal lines were linearized as vector data form SST raster data, and unit area were built as polygon data. For the LDI calculation, spatial overlapping(line in polygon) was implemented. To analyze the effect of unit area size for the LDI distribution, two cases of unit area size were designed and descriptive statistics was calculated including performing normality test. The results showed no change of LDI's essential characteristics such as mean and normality except for the range of value, variance and standard deviation. Accordingly, it was found that complex structure of thermal front and even smaller scale of front width than unit area size could influence on the LDI distribution. Also, correlation analysis performed between LDI and difference of temperature(${\Delta}T^{\circ}C$), and horizontal thermal gradient(${\Delta}T^{\circ}C/km$) on the front was obtained from linear regression model. This obtained value was compared with the results from previous researches. Newly developed LDI can be used to compare the thermal front regions changing spatio-temporally in the ocean environment using absolute index value. It is considered to be significant to analyze the relationship between thermal front and marine environment or front and marine organisms in a quantitative approach described in this study.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2009

Muan Bay has extensively undertaken artificial influences through a series of construction of dams and dykes nearby resulting in a substantial increase in highest high water level. To unravel sedimentary responses to the water level rise, we collected a number of surface sediment samples and hydrodynamic data from in-situ observations of tidal currents in Muan Bay in 1998 and 2007. Comparison of the data between 1998 and 2007 shows that the relative content of coarse fractions, sand and gravel, in the sediment samples has increased with a decreased mean size, on average, from 6.2 to 5.8${\phi}$ at the expense of silt contents. Such a coarsening trend, which is more evident around high water level, particularly on the tidal flats of Dongam-ri, Guro-ri and Aphae-do, is most likely attributable to rising water level. On the other hand, an increase of fine fractions locally in the western entrance of the bay can be explained with changes in characteristics of tidal currents imposed by construction of bridges therein, such as decreased velocities and varied direction and phase of the tidal currents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.362-371
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• 2016

The distribution patterns of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and the chemical characteristics of CDOM in the Seomjin river estuary were investigated in March, June and July 2012 in order to determine the spatial and temporal variability of CDOM along the salinity gradient considering the effects of mixing, nutrients and Chl a. The average CDOM values were $1.0{\pm}0.3m^{-1}$, $1.3{\pm}0.4m^{-1}$, and $1.4{\pm}0.3m^{-1}$ in March, June and July, respectively. A high concentration of CDOM (greater than $1.5m^{-1}$) was found at the head of the river which decreased towards the river mouth to as low as less than $0.5m^{-1}$. The average concentrations of CDOM increased from the dry season (March and June) to the wet season (July), and the average slope values ($S_{300-500}$), which were used as indicators of CDOM characteristics and sources, were in the range of $0.013-0.018m^{-1}$. The CDOM and $S_{300-50}$ values showed that not only the concentration of CDOM but also the chemical properties of DOM clearly changed between upstream and downstream in the Seomjin river. CDOM and FDOM showed a negative correlation with salinity ($R^2$ > 0.8), and CDOM was positively correlated with FDOM. Furthermore, the mixing pattern of CDOM was confirmed as conservative for all seasons. The main environmental factors influencing the concentration of CDOM was confirmed as conservative for all seasons. The main environmental factors influencing the concentration of CDOM were salinity (mixing) and water temperature, which meant the dilution of low CDOM seawater, was the controlling factor for the spatial distribution of CDOM. Increases in water temperature seemed to induce the production of CDOM during summer (June and July) through the biological degradation of DOM either by microbial activity or photo-degradation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.289-299
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• 2011

We studied the characteristics of pollutant concentrations in 9 streams that flow into Shihwa Lake in order to provide the scientific data for effective implementation of total pollution loads management system (TPLMS) of the Lake. Suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved nutrients ($NO_2$, $NO_3$, $NH_4$, $PO_4$ and $SiO_2$), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) in stream water from industrial complexes, urban and agricultural regions were determined. Pollutant concentrations in December were higher than that in other sampling periods. COD concentration from industrial complex region with average of 12.6 mg/L was 2 times higher those from urban region (6.6 mg/L) and agricultural region (5.9 mg/L). TP concentration from industrial region also showed higher concentration than other regions. TN concentration in stream water was 5.89 mg/L for industrial region, 3.02 mg/L for urban region and 5.27 mg/L for agricultural region, respectively, suggesting inflow of TN due to fertilizer usage in agricultural field. Relative percentage of nitrogen compounds in TN follows the sequence: $NH_4$ (35.1%) > $NO_2$ (20.0%) > DON (22.8%) > PON (8.9%) > $NO_2$ (3.2%). Concentrations of dissolved nutrients, TP and TN in stream water were 3.2~37.2 times higher than that in Shihwa Lake seawater, therefore large amount of pollutants may be directly entered into Shihwa Lake without any treatment. For Gunja stream of industrial region, pollutants at midstream showed relatively higher concentration compared to upstream and downstream. It is necessary to manage the illegal discharging of sewage and waste water. Our results provide valuable informations on the estimation and reduction of total pollutant loads in the process of establishing adequately strategic and implemental plan of Shihwa Lake TPLMS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2006

Electronic Navigational Charts(ENCs) are official nautical charts which are equivalent to paper charts with supplementary information. Although their main purpose is to be used for the safe navigation of ships, they also contain much information on coasts and seas which may be interesting to ordinary people. However, there is no easy way to access them because of therir specialized data format, access method and visualization. This paper proposes on implementation of SVG for the access and services of ENCs. SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) makes it possible to make use of Vector graphics for servicing maps in basic internet browsing environment. Implement of SVG for ENC applications by this research is free of special server side GIS mapping system and client side extra technology. The implementation of SVG for ENC Applications can be summarized as follows: Firstly, SVG provides spatial information to possess searching engine to embody SVG map. Secondly, SVG can provide high-quality vector map graphics and interactive facility without special Internet GIS system. It makes it possible to use services with very low cost. Thirdly, SVG information service targeting on maritime transportation can be used as template, so it can be used dynamically any other purpose such as traffic management and vessel monitoring. Many good characteristics of SVG in mapping at computer screen and reusability of SVG document provide new era of visualization of marine geographic information.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1930-1936
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• 2007

Electronic Navigational Charts(ENCs) are official nautical charts which are equivalent to paper charts with supplementary information. Although their main purpose is to be used for the safe navigation of ships, they also contain much information on coasts and seas which may be interesting to ordinary people. However, there is no easy way to access them because of their specialized data format, access method and visualization. This paper proposes m implementation of SVG for the access and services of ENCs. SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) makes it possible to make use of Vector graphics for map services in basic internet browsing environment. Implementation of SVG for ENC applications by this research is free of special server side GIS mapping system and client side extra technology. The Implementation of SVG for ENC Applications can be summarized as follows: Firstly, SVG provides spatial information to possess searching engine to embody SVG map. Secondly SVG can provide high-quality vector map graphics and interactive facility without special Internet GIS system. It makes it possible to use services with very low cost. Thirdly, SVG information service targeting on maritime transportation can be used as template, so it can be used dynamically any other purpose such as traffic management and vessel monitoring. Many good characteristics of SVG in mapping at computer screen and reusability of SVG document provide new era of visualization of marine geographic information.