• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

The wood anatomy of Mangifera indica belonging to the species of Anacardiaceae native to Bangladesh was described. The species of this family was distinctive in having growth rings, thin-to thick-walled, nonseptate libriform fibres, vessels with simple perforation plate and nonvestures intervessel pittings. Paratracheal axial parenchyma was vasicentric, lozenge-aliform and confluent. Axial parenchyma band more than 3 cells wide and in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. 3-4 cells per axial parenchyma was dominantly present. Ray height was less than 1mm. Body ray cells were procumbent with one row of upright and square marginal cells. More than one prismatic crystals of about the same size was present in upright or square ray cells.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.26-36
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• 1994

The comparative wood anatomy of 1 species belonging to genus Myrica of Myricaceae, 9 species to genus Populus and 8 species to genus Salix of Salcaceae, occurring in Korea, was described and coded according to IAWA list(Wheeler, 1989). Myrica rubra. of Myricaceae is a typical diffuse-porous wood with numerous vessels per $mm^2$ and its pores are mainly angular in outline. Vessels scalariform perforation plates with a few bars, very small inter vessel pits; axial parenchyma abundant, diffuse or diffuse-in-aggregates which is distinct and easily observed on cross section; rays 1-3 seriate, Kribs' heterogeneous I or II types, frequently contains rhomboidal crystals; Dark pigmented substances included in some rays and axial parenchyma. Salicaceae, a typical diffuse porous wood, has mainly radial pore multiple, large intervessel pits, distinct alternate pits, simple perforation plates, ray-vessel pits with circular large pits, uniseriate rays, marginal parenchyma composed of 1-2 layers. In some species, ray parenchyma contain crystals. Populus and Salix wood can be distinguished from one another by the following characters. Pores of Populus woods almost angular in outline. Uniseriate homogeneous rays slightly higher than Salix and long linear on tangential section. Whereas Salix woods appear the pores almost oval, uniseriate heterogeneous rays, which are smular narrow fusiform on tangential section and lower in height than Populus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.82-87
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• 1995

Anatomical characteristics of genus Platycarya, Juglans and Pterocarya of Juglandaceae occurring in Korea were described and coded based on the IAWA list. Juglandaceae are ring-porous or semi-ring-porous. Vessels have simple perforation plates and helical thickenings in some genus. Axial parenchyma cells were abundant, most apotracheal but rarely paratracheal and rays with 1-5 seriate. Platycarya is ring-porous wood with 2-3 rows of vessels in the pore zone. Helical thickenings were found only in small vessel of latewood. Axial parenchyma were commonly diffuse-in-aggregates or vasicentric. Rays 3-5 seriate. belonging to Kribs' heterogeneous II or III type with frequent occurrence of rhomboidal crystals. Juglans are semi ring-porous with few vessels in $mm^2$ and pores are commonly solitary. Axial parenchyma were diffuse-in-aggregate or marginal. Rays were mostly homocellular and 3-5 seriates. Pterocarya is similar to Juglans in anatomical features but the reticulate parenchyma consisting of 1 layer on transverse section and biseriate rays.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to compare the 1% safranine solution flow depth in radial and longitudinal direction of Prunus sargentii. Longitudinal flow of safranine solution was found higher than radial flow. Body ray parenchyma was found more permeable than marginal ray parenchyma and it was about 1.3 times higher. Intercellular space conducted safranine solution more than ray parenchyma. Vessel was found to be the main avenue for liquid conduction in longitudinal direction. Different anatomical features of ray, vessel and fiber affected the penetration depth of safranine solution. Moreover initial penetration depth was found to be high and thereafter decreased gradually.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.307-311
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to know the essential oil penetration depth in radial and longitudinal direction of Prunus sargentii. Oil penetration depth was found greater than radial flow depth. Vessel conducted oil more than wood fiber. In radial direction, body ray parenchyma was found more permeable than marginal ray parenchyma and it was about 138% times higher. Furthermore penetration depth of oil in intercellular space was greater than ray parenchyma and it was about 250% higher than ray parenchymas. Initial flow speed was found high and then it gradually decreased.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1990

Procambium developed in the histogenetical zone below the marginal meristem. The development of procambium is correlated with the developmental stage of the leaf. As long as the marginal cells are crescent-shaped, the first-order procambium develops. When the marginal cell becomes wedge-shaped, the higher order procambium appears. The reticulated venation is developed through forking and anastomosis. The meshes of the first order enlarge in the process of leaf growth and the meshes of the second and third order develop in the meshes of the first-order through the differentiation of the residual meristem. Therefore, the venation is hierachically arranged and is as recognizable from the thickening of the veins. The outermost vein is produced parallel to the leaf margin, in which the differences between the costal and intercostal parts of the marginal meristem are removed. The endodermis and pericycle differentiate from the same mother cell. The procambium and sclerenchyma originate from a common source during the first developmental stage. A small cellular cluster lies within the parenchyma at the upper and lower sides of the procambial trace and differentiates into sclerenchyma.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2007

This report describes the wood anatomy and 1% safranine solution penetration depth in radial and longitudinal directions of Anthocephalus chinensis belonging to the family Rubiaceae native to Bangladesh. The wood of this species was mostly characterized by diffuse porous, vessel with simple perforation plate, vestured alternate intervessel pittings, relatively medium vessel elements and fiber, and nonseptate fiber with distinctly bordered pits at radial wall. The body ray cell was procumbent with 2 to over 4 rows of upright and square marginal cells. Sometimes, the rays with procumbent, square and upright cells were mixed. Latewood fiber was thin to thick walled while it was very thin walled in earlywood. Axial parenchyma was diffuse, vasicentric, 5-8 cells per parenchyma strand dominantly present. Liquid penetration depth was observed in radial and longitudinal directions at moisture level of 7.42%. Longitudinal penetration was found 6.3 times higher than radial penetration. The initial penetration rate of safranine solution was high, but gradually decreased during the course of time. Different anatomical features were found to be responsible for the variation of safranine solution penetration depth compared to Gmelina arborea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.53-56
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• 2018

Computed tomography (CT) findings of hepatic adenoma in veterinary medicine are variable and unlike in human medicine, not defined clearly. A 12-year-old neutered male Shih Tzu presented after a seizure, with weight loss, salivation, and cachexia. An abdominal mass was identified on radiography, and ultrasonographic images showed a mixed echo pattern with marked vascularity. CT showed that the mass originated from caudate lobe, was heterogeneously hypoattenuated compared with the hepatic parenchyma, and had irregular margins. Contrast enhanced CT showed that the mass enhanced like the surrounding liver parenchyma. However, it contained unenhanced areas and enhanced vessels were observed in the arterial phase at the periphery of the mass. The margins of mass were more enhanced in the venous phase than the arterial phase and the hypoattenuating regions within the mass were not enhanced. Greater enhancing in the venous phase is seen with adenomas; however, the heterogeneous enhancement pattern, especially the marginal vascular enhancement and internal hypoattenuating regions, is seen with malignancy. Although this is a single case of hepatic adenoma, the atypical enhanced pattern of this case can provide useful information to predict the malignancy of primary liver tumor.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2013

Anatomical characteristics of White Jabon (Arthocephalus cadamba) and Red Jabon (Arthocephalus macrophyllus) were investigated by IAWA hardwood feature list. Both species were diffuse-porous, and radial multiple pore with 2~3 rows was mostly observed. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina was 100 to $200{\mu}m$, and vessels per square millimeter were 5 to 20. White Jabon has more vessels than Red Jabon. The number of solitary pore per square millimeter in both species was similar, but more pore multiple was observed in White Jabon. Axial parenchyma diffuse was observed in both species, but axial parenchyma of White Jabon was hardly identified on the cross section. Rays were classified into "body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright/square marginal cells" type and partly "all ray cells upright and/or square" type on radial section. Ray width 1 to 3 cells and 1 to 2 cells observed in White Jabon and Red Jabon, respectively. Ray height of White Jabon was $420{\mu}m$ and Red Jabon $474{\mu}m$. Fiber length was the range of 900 to $1,600{\mu}m$ in both species, and it showed a tendency to increase from pith to bark. Consequently, it is considered that pore multiple, ray width and axial parenchyma are to be suggested the keys for identification of both species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.15-19
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• 1999

Three wood coffins of Chosun Dynasty period buried about 450 years ago were excavated in the sound condition in Andong area in the early 1998. The proprietors of wood coffins were grandparents, Mr. Myoung Jong Lee and Mrs. Mun, and their grandson, Mr. Eung Tae Lee, and the social standing of their family was known to belong to the nobility in those days by the clan genealogy. All the wood coffins investigated through light microscopy had same anatomical characteristics as follows: abrupt to somewhat abrupt tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood; normal longitudinal and horizontal resin canals with thin-walled epithelium; tylosoids in resin canals; bordered pits frequently in 1 row on radial walls of tracheids; 1 or 2 window-like pits per cross-field; uniseriate and fusiform rays; heterogeneous rays composed of body ray parenchyma cells and marginal ray tracheids or homgeneous rays composed of only ray tracheids; dentate ray tracheids; occasional trabeculae traversing tracheids in radial direction. Based on theses microscopic characteristics, all the wood coffins were identified to be Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) or Korean black pine (Pinus thunbergii). Korean black pine growing naturally in coastal area might not be probable because the site of excavation, Andong area, was mountainous and inland area of Korea Thus, Korean red pine was thought to be the possible species for the wood coffins because of its natural distribution through the Korean Peninsula and the easy availability.