• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물환경조절학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.39-40
• /
• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of root zone heating on the growth of cut minirose Rosa hybrida L. ′Little Marble′ in winter season. Effects of four different root zone temperatures of 16, 20, 24$^{\circ}C$ and non-heating control on the growth and productivity were compared. Harvested cut-flowers were measured for stem length, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights, numbers of leaves, stems and flowers, days to flower, and chlorophyll concentration. The results showed that mean height was the greatest at 16$^{\circ}C$. Days to flower was the shortest at 24$^{\circ}C$. Fresh and dry weights of top (shoot＋leaf＋flower), shoot and leaf were the greatest at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Stem and flower numbers were the greatest at 16$^{\circ}C$, but leaf number was the greatest at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Mean cut flower yield was the greatest at 16$^{\circ}C$. Chlorophyll concentration was slightly higher at 16$^{\circ}C$, but was not significantly different among the treatments. Stem diameter was the greatest at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Dry matter was the greatest at 24$^{\circ}C$. Total yield of cut rose stems increased with increasing temperature. Combined heating could save 24% in fuel cost as compared to the air heating alone. The results obtained suggested that optimal root zone temperature for the growth of cut rose "Little Marble" was 2$0^{\circ}C$, and the greenhouse heating energy can be saved by minimal air heating combined with root zone heating to 2$0^{\circ}C$.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.267-276
• /
• 2014

Exposures to lead (Pb) are associated with neurological problems including psychiatric disorders and impaired learning and memory. Pb can be absorbed by iron transporters, which are up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder in which increased iron deposition in various parenchymal organs promote metal-induced oxidative damage. While dysfunction in HFE (High Fe) gene is the major cause of hemochromatosis, the transport and toxicity of Pb in Hfe-related hemochromatosis are largely unknown. To elucidate the relationship between HFE gene dysfunction and Pb absorption, H67D knock-in Hfe-mutant and wild-type mice were given drinking water containing Pb 1.6 mg/ml ad libitum for 6 weeks and examined for behavioral phenotypes using the nestlet-shredding and marble-burying tests. Latency to nestlet-shredding in Pb-treated wild-type mice was prolonged compared with non-exposed wild-types (p < 0.001), whereas Pb exposure did not alter shredding latency in Hfe-mutant mice. In the marble-burying test, Hfe-mutant mice showed an increased number of marbles buried compared with wild-type mice (p = 0.002), indicating more repetitive behavior upon Hfe mutation. Importantly, Pb-exposed wild-type mice buried more marbles than non-exposed wild-types, whereas the number of marbles buried by Hfe-mutant mice did not change whether or not exposed to Pb. These results suggest that Hfe mutation could normalize Pb-induced behavioral alteration. To explore the mechanism of repetitive behavior caused by Pb, western blot analysis was conducted for proteins involved in brain dopamine metabolism. The levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter increased upon Pb exposure in both genotypes, whereas Hfe-mutant mice displayed down-regulation of the dopamine transporter and dopamine D1 receptor with D2 receptor elevated. Taken together, our data support the idea that both Pb exposure and Hfe mutation increase repetitive behavior in mice and further suggest that these behavioral changes could be associated with altered dopaminergic neurotransmission, providing a therapeutic basis for psychiatric disorders caused by Pb toxicity.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.135-145
• /
• 2015

석조문화재의 산성안개에 의한 손상을 예측하기 위하여 경주남산화강암, 응회암과 대리암에 pH4.0과 pH5.6의 인공안개를 적용하였다. 풍화된 경주남산화강암은 신선한 암에 비해 산성안개에 의한 무게감소가 더 크다. 응회암은 산성안개시험 매 회당 약 0.005 %의 무게감소율로 시험 대상 암석 중 가장 크게 변하였다. 응회암과 풍화된 화강암은 산성안개 보다는 산성비에 의한 무게감소가 더 크게 발생할 것이며, 대리암은 산성강우의 상태와 상관없이 무게감소가 나타날 것으로 예측되었다. 산성안개와 반응한 후 풍화암의 공극률과 흡수율이 월등히 증가한 결과를 보여, 풍화암이 신선한 암보다 산성안개에 취약할 것으로 예상된다. 대리암의 흡수율은 시험 후 약 50% 증가하였다. 암석의 색상이 시험 후 황색쪽으로 약간 변화되었으며, 신선한 암보다는 풍화된 화강암에서 그 경향이 더 크다. 대리암은 산성안개와 반응 후 백색도가 증가하였다. 산성안개가 적용된 암석에서 검출되는 다량의 양이온은 반응에 의해 분해된 구성광물에서 기인한다.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 수산화 알루미늄이 다량 포함되어 있는 인조대리석 폐기물을 폐광산지역의 지하수 및 지표수 등에서 검출되는 유해중금속 제거용으로 재활용 가능성을 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 폐기물을 $550^{\circ}C$에서 $1000^{\circ}C$ 온도범위에서 열처리하여 알루미나 분말을 추출하였으며, 이렇게 얻어진 열처리분말에 대해 온도에 따른 상변화를 XRD를 통해 분석하고, 비표면적 측정, SEM 분석 등을 통해 분말의 특성을 조사하고, 중금속인 비소의 흡착특성을 조사하였다 그 결과, 열처리된 알루미나 산화물 분말이 중금속 처리에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 열처리분말의 구성성분에 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 열처리 분말 성형체를 소결한 결과, $1200^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 60% 이상의 높은 기공률을 가진 펠렛을 제조할 수 있었으며, 소결조제인 glass 분말의 첨가에 의해 $900^{\circ}C$의 낮은 소결온도에서도 기공률을 유지하면서 비교적 높은 비소흡착률을 가지는 시편을 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 1998

The structure such as building and cultural properties was composed of various materials like wood, metal and stone that have been utilized and exposed to air, wind and rain far a long time. However, because of their special characteristics as structure, collecting of samples that may involve their destruction cannot be permitted, ever for material analysis. Therefore, h order to study the Influence of atmospheric pollution on structure, atmospheric corrosion tests were achieved by making use of materials(bronze. ancient copper, copper, steel and marble) in field exposure tests. Atmospheric exposure sites are selected from places which are characterized by urban, rural, Industrial and marine enoronments In Northeast Asia. According to the results of atmospheric corrosion tests: The corrosion rates of Industrial states In china were more serious than other sampling sites. In the correlation of meteorological factors. wet hours was defiled as Intogeacted hours under that atmospheric temperature is above $0^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity in above 80% that has a great influence on corrosion tests of materials in case of a short time. The relative humidity was above about 75% that resulted in great increase of corrosion rates. In the esimation of corrosion rates between materials, corrosion rates of steel was about thirty times and decuple larger than that of other materials excluding marble in unshelterd exposure and In sheltered exposure.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.274-286
• /
• 1994

Direct shear tests were on ducted in a laboratory setting in order to investigate the shear strength and deformation behavior of rock joints. Also, the characteristics of acoustic emissions (AE) during shearing of rock joints were studied. The artificial rock joints were created by splitting the intact blocks of Hwangdeung granites and Iksan marbles. Joint roughness profiles were measured by a profile gage and then digitized by Image analyzer. Roughness profile indices(Rp) of the joints were calculated with these digitized data. Peak shear strength, residual shear strength, shear stiffness and maximum acoustic emission(AE) rate were investigated with joint roughness. The peak shear strenght, the residual shear strength and the shear stiffness were increased as roughness popfile index or normal stress increased in the shear tests of granites. In the tests of marble samples, the shear deformation characteristics were not directly affected by joint roughness. As the result of two directional shear tests, the shear characteristics were varied with shear direction. AE count rates were measured during the shear deformation and the AE signals in several stages of the deformation were analyzed in a frequency domain. The AE rate peaks coincided with the stress drops during the shear deformation of joint. The dominant frequencies of the AE signals were in the vicinity of 100 kHz fo rgranite sample and 900 kHz for marble samples. The distribution of amplitude was dispersed with increasing normal stress.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제19권E2호
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2003

The material exposure tests have been carried out since 1993 to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and material corrosion with the cooperation of the researchers in Japan, China, and Korea. The test pieces such as bronze, copper, marble, and carbon steel have been exposed under both unsheltered and rain-sheltered outdoor condition separately at 18 sampling sites in East Asia. At the same time, the concentration of SO$_2$ and NO$_2$ has been measured simultaneously with passive sampler. The meteorological data were collected from the AWS (Auto-mated weather station) In each country and chemical compositions of wet deposition were also analyzed by the bulk sampling of rainfall every month. As the results, it was found that the corrosion rates of test pieces in the ambient air were appeared to be in the order of carbon steel > marble > bronze copper. The corrosion rates of test pieces in the unsheltered outdoor condition were 2.34 to 5.88 times larger than those in rain-sheltered condition. It was also found that the corrosion rate in the heavy polluted area in China was the highest, and the corrosion rates of the metal pieces were generally proportional to SO$_2$ concentration. Between two sites in Korea, the test pieces at Daegu site showed higher corrosion rates that would be due to the higher SO$_2$ concentration.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권16호
• /
• pp.112-122
• /
• 1995

TEN-STORIED STONE PAGODA ON THE SITE OFWON-GAKSA(Temple) which is one of three marble pagodas in South Korea, were dated from the thirteenth year of the reign of King Sejo(1467). On the roof and surface of each the stories, there were large amount of the contaminants such as pigeon′s excretions, dust and environmental elements for a long time. The pH of contaminants is not acid, but is 7.2, neutral. To find the species of organic acidscontained in the contaminants and the degree of damaging for a marble pagoda, we analyzed the contaminants using GC-MSD method by the following procedures. Organic acids were extracted by saponifying whole contaminants. After Saponification, the organic acids were mathylated to increase their volatility upon subsequent GC-MSD analysis. The mathyl esters of the organic acids are extracted from the acidified aqueous solution. And the organic extracts were washed with adilute base solution. The washed extract were analyzed by GC(Hewlett Packard 5890)with a nonpolar capillary column(Crosslinked 5% Ph Me Silicone, $50×0.2㎜×0.33\mum$film thickness, USA) and Mass Spectrometric Detector(Hewlett Packard 5970B).As the result, it was found that 12 organic acids were the main compound in pagoda′contaminants, and the amount of organic acid were negligible.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.535-546
• /
• 2020

The stress environment of deep rock masses is complex. Under the action of earthquakes or blasting, the strength and stability of anchored rock masses in fracture zones or faults are affected. To explore the variation in anchored rock masses under creep-fatigue loading, shear creep comparative testing of anchored marble specimens with or without fatigue loading is performed. Considering the damage variable of rock under fatigue loading, a rheological model is established to characterize the whole shear creep process of anchored rock masses under creep-fatigue loading. The results show that (1) the overall deformation of marble under creep-fatigue loading is larger than that under only shear creep loading, and the average deformation is increased by 18.3%. (2) By comparing the creep curves with and without fatigue loading, the two curves basically coincide when the first level stress is applied, and the two curves are stable with the increase in stress level. The results show that the strain difference among the specimens increases gradually in the steady-state stage and reaches the maximum at the fourth level. (3) The shear creep is described by considering the creep mechanical properties of anchored rock masses under fatigue loading. The accuracy of this creep-fatigue model is verified by laboratory tests, and the applicability of the model is illustrated by the fitting parameter R2. The proposed model provides a theoretical basis for the study of anchored rock masses under low-frequency earthquakes or blasting and new methods for the stability and reinforcement of rock masses.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.209-225
• /
• 2010

남서부 경기육괴 홍성의 동부 예당호 부근의 신리지역은 원생대 후기의 덕정리 화강섬록암-토날라이트, 압쇄 각섬석 정편마암 및 함석류석 변성염기성암을 포함하는 대리암이 분포한다. 이 논문에서는 신리지역의 대리암 내 원생대 후기 함석류석 변성염기성암의 광물화학 및 지화학 자료를 보고하고자 한다. 신리지역의 함석류석 변성염기성암을 $SiO_2$ 대 $Na_2O+K_2O$의 분별도에 도시하면 $SiO_2$의 함량은 46.98-51.17 wt% 그리고 $Na_2O+K_2O$의 함량은 1.95-2.85 wt%로 솔레아이트질 서브-알칼라인 현무암의 영역에 점시된다. Zr/Y 대 Zr의 분별도에서도 함석류석 변성염기성암은 서브-알칼라인 현무암의 영역에 점시된다. 신리 지역의 변성염기성암의 희토류 원소 농도를 콘드라이트 조성치에 표준화한 희토류 양상은 중앙해령과 유사한 현무암의 희토류원소 양상을 보여준다. 평균 초생맨틀값으로 미량원소 성분을 표준화하여 도시한 거미 성분도상에서는 신리변성염기성암는 경희토류가 부화되어 있고, 전반적으로 주원소 및 미량원소의 지화학적 특징은 판 내부 환경의 현무암과 유사한 경향을 보여준다. 이들 양상은 기 보고된 비봉과 백동지역의 변성초염기성암과 관련된 고압형 변성염기성암의 중앙해령 현무암과 유사한 호상열도 현무암 혹은 배호분지 현무암의 양상과 상이하다. 신리지역 대리암 내에 포함된 변성염기성암의 광물군과 광물화학을 근거로 계산된 변성 압력-온도 조건은 석류석 중심부에서 9.6-12.7 kb, $695-840^{\circ}C$, 석류석 가장자리에서 9.6-13.6 kb, $630-755^{\circ}C$로 온도가 감소하며 압력이 거의 일정한 변성진화과정을 보여준다. 이들 변성 압력-온도 진화경로는 비봉 및 백동 변성염기성암의 등온하강 후퇴변성작용 경로와는 다름을 알 수 있다. 이들 암체에서 보고된 트라이아스기 변형, 변성 시기와 더불어 원생대 후기의 변성작용과 생성 시기 등을 포함한 보다 상세한 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것이다.