• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-239
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• 2010

A high prevalence of farmer's work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) have been reported in precedent studies. Risk factors - physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic risk factor etc. - in farm-work were identified by previous studies. To prevent farmers from exposing to them and reduce, Agricultural Safety Technology were introduced and used on farm. The purpose of this study is to review and summarize the agricultural safety technology on farm in Korea. According to strategy principles, this technology is classified as four criteria - workload reduction by reducing awkward posture, workload reduction by using manual material handling aids, Comfort improvement by protecting worker from hot, cold environment and work efficiency improvement by workplace redesign and cultivation modification. This technology includes transporting tools, working cloth, personal protective equipment, and pesticide-proof Clothing. Anthropometric study of Korean farmers was also carried out to support the development of equipment and clothes. In long terms, it needs to precaution activity from risk factors by using cultivation modification and working improvement. Although working condition gets better and workload reduce by this technology, it required customized safety technology in each crops - rice cultivation, horticulture and livestock farming. And farmers should use the assistive technology and participate voluntarily in ergonomic intervention program.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to ergonomically evaluate varying tasks performed in a general hospital and to propose their improving measures based on the evaluation results. The tasks found in the hospital were largely classified into two groups of manual materials handling and awkward posture related tasks. Ergonomic tools of NLE, 3-D SSPP and RULA were used for evaluating workload of the tasks. The major findings are: 1) L5/S1 compressive force of patient transferring by one person exceeded the maximum permissible limit(6,400N) by NIOSH. The L5/S1 compressive forces for most of the patient transferring tasks by 2-4 persons were larger than the action limit (3,400N), and the tasks by five persons were analyzed to be safe in the view of L5/S1 compressive force; 2) patient repositioning tasks by 2-3 persons were hazardous on the basis of L5/S1 compressive force, while most of the tasks by 4-5 persons were safe; 3) many tasks performed in wards were found to be stressful, most of which resulted from improper heights of their working tables or working points. Of varying tasks in general hospitals, patient transferring was the most stressful. Based on the results of this study and high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders from other studies, it is recommended that the ergonomics program be introduced and enforced for doing improving activities systematically

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of psychosocial stress (box color and precision demand) on muscle activity were evaluated in laboratory setting. Eight subjects performed sagittally symmetric lifting tasks. Box color (yellow, black), precision demand (yes, no), and box weight (5%MVC, 10%MVC, 15 %MVC) were varied and surface EMG signals from seven muscles(medial deltoid right, biceps brachii right, lateral triceps right, latissimus dorsi right, erector spinae right, external oblique right, internal oblique right) were recorded. EMG signals were band-pass filtered($10{\sim}400\;Hz$), rectified, RMS smoothed and normalized (NEMG). Analysis of variance tests were conducted on the total NEMG (TNEMG: the sum of the seven muscles' NEMGs) and on the individual muscle's NEMGs. Box color had no effect on the TNEMG and on the seven muscles activities(p>0.05). When precision demand was required at the end point of lifts, the mean NEMG showed higher values than no precision demand conditions: TNEMG (14% increase) and medial deltoid(40% increase), biceps brachii(10% increase), lateral triceps(26% increase), latissimus dorsi(25% increase) muscles. Those increases showed more conspicuous as the box weight increased in the muscles of medial deltoid, lateral triceps, and latissimus dorsi.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

The purpose of this survey was to identify ergonomic risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and understand the current MSD risk status in the wholesale/retail industry. The field survey was conducted at 120 wholesale/retail establishments, and the cause of MSD occurred from the national industrial accident statistics by the Ministry of Labor in 2006 was analyzed in terms of company size, a term of work, job title, and cause of occurrence. The numbers of disasters on MSD were 602 which were included 432 disasters who met with low back pain by incident. A checklist was developed by KOSHA to use for the field survey. A total of 419 tasks were identified at the 120 establishments surveyed. The highest frequency was Task 2(45%) which was mostly observed in repetitive work (e.g. displaying, scanning, cutting or wrapping of goods). The second and third were Task 9(34%) and Task 8(14%) which were identified in manual materials handling (e.g. lifting, lowering, carrying or stocking of goods). The results suggest that the three Tasks should be first considered for the control in wholesale/retail industry and that exposure to MSD risk factors in those Tasks should be primarily addressed in order to reduce MSD risk in that industry.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.2199-2201
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• 2008

Sulfur hexafluoride($SF_6$) is a gaseous dielectric used in high voltage electrical equipment such as an insultor or arc quenching medium in the transmission and distribution of electricity. however, $SF_6$ is one of the greenhouse gases(GHG) with a global warming potential that is 23,900 times greater than that of carbon dioxide($CO_2$). for this reason, $SF_6$ emissions in electric equipment shall be controlled to reduce GHG and improve cost-effective use of $SF_6$ for economical benefits. Until recently there has not been any investigation on $SF_6$ emission characteristics and inventory in Korea. To understand emission characteristics during the use-phase, the scope of this study was limited to the following closed pressure system equipment from 10 substations in Korea. This study highlights (1) the investigation of sampling/analysis methodology for $SF_6$ emissions in high voltage equipment, (2) the estimation of $SF_6$ emissions in the use-phase, and (3) the comparison between the emission ratio and the mass-balance applied to inventory study. According to this study, the majority of emissions were related to electric equipment nameplates and the rest of the emissions were related to the handling of $SF_6$ during operations. from this result, emission ratios estimated from this study were similar; GIS was 14% and GCB was 13%, as maintenance process conditions were the same as manual process conditions for both equipment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

The purpose of this study, during the lifting task was researching the difference and a relationship between the ground reaction force and the grip strength by change of position. After grip strength has measured in symmetry position and asymmetry position at 45cm and 75cm of height of hand, ground reaction force was measured by same attitude lifting wooden box. We analyzed the difference of grip strength and ground reaction force in each position change. The results of grip strength, the grip strength of both hand were significant difference that in study subject symmetry and asymmetry position (p<0.01). The results of symmetry lifting task, the study subjects was significant difference of the ground reaction force difference by height (p<0.05). Asymmetry lifting task was significant difference of ground reaction force difference by direction of rotation was changed (p<0.01). The result of it will rotate with non-dominant hand side of lifting tasks from height 75cm where it easily maintains a balance possibility and decreasing the load of the hand. Therefore, from the workshop in the work people, it will be between the height 75cm and non-dominant hand side of trunk rotatory direction in the lifting tasks. Future study is necessary researched about the change of grip strength when the height of the hand is higher, and the difference of the ground reaction force when the change of weight.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a stress analysis on foot by lifting task attitudes. Maximum force and peak pressure were measured on 8 body regions by Pedar system in order to analysis the stress which is affected by task style and angle on foot when Manual Materials Handling task. As for the peak pressure of the whole foot as to the task height during the lifting task, the height from Knuckle to Shoulder was the least in the peak pressure. Also, as for the maximum force and the peak pressure of the whole foot as to the task angle during the lifting task, it could be seen that the more an angle increases, the stress influencing on a foot jumps. As for the maximum force and the peak pressure by foot region as to the task height in case of the lifting task, the height from Knuckle to Shoulder is indicated the smallest value in the maximum force and the peak pressure, thus there is necessary to attain the work design that considered this. Also, as for the maximum force by foot region as to the task angle in case of the lifting task, 0° tasking is indicated to be least, thus there is necessity to be attained the tasking design in a bid to prevent the existence of an angle. The results of this paper are thought to be helpful to the suitable work design, to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders related to the lower limbs, and to the design of ergonomic safety shoes.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Manual material handling(MMH)is major factor which causing physical injuries of worker at working area and frequency of low back pain(LBP) is increasing industrial accidents. Especially, working in bad circumstance such as farm, orchard, harbor loading and unloading, logging place and mining place which located in inclined slope can cause much possibility of hazard and absence of working balance can cause injuries of musculoskeletal system such as joint, bone, ligament. So, this study used EMG system to measure and evaluate muscle force information and fatigue of worker when lifting on slope. The result of measuring averaged integrated EMG(AEMG) shows multifidus muscle be used more than anything else in force. neck extensors are used at 15°, 20°frequently. generally the AEMG result shows multifidus muscle be used in force. Commonly, muscle fatigue of multifidus is higher than other muscle by analysis mean power frequency(MPF). The result of load sharing rate shows multifidus and erectorspinae which are deep spinal muscles is relatively high and neck extensor is low.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7941-7948
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• 2015

Rolling noises during train operation are caused by vibration excited from irregularities of surface roughness between wheel and rail. Therefore, a proper measurement and analysis techniques of acoustic roughness between wheel and rail surface are required for transmission, prediction, and analysis of the train rolling noise. However, since current measuring devices and methods use trolley-based manual handling devices, the measurements induce unstable measuring speed and vibrational interface that increases errors and disturbances. In this paper, a new automatic rail surface exploring platform with a speed controller has been developed for improving measurement accuracy and reducing inconsistency of measurements. In addition, we propose a data integration method of the rail surface roughness with multiple homogeneous displacement sensors and verified the accuracy of the integrated data through standard test-bed railway track investigation.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

The efficiency of fabrication (fab) operation is one of the key factors in order for a semiconductor manufacturing company to stay competitive. Optimization of manpower and forecasting manpower needs in a modern fab is an essential part of the future strategic planing and a very important to the operational efficiency. As the semiconductor manufacturing technology has entered the 8-inch wafer era, the complexity of fab operation increases with the increase of wafer size. The wafer handling method has evolved from manual mode in 6-inch wafer fab to semi-automated or fully automated factory in 8-inch and 12-inch wafer fab. The distribution of manpower requirement in each specialty varied as the trend of fab operation goes for downsizing manpower with automation and outsourcing maintenance work. This paper is to study the specialty distribution of manpower from the requirement in a typical 6-inch, 8-inch to 12-inch wafer fab. The human resource planning in today’s fab operation shall consider many factors, which include the stability of technical talents. This empirical study mainly focuses on the human resource planning, the manpower distribution of specialty structure and the forecast model of internal demand/supply in current semiconductor manufacturing company. Considering the market fluctuation with the demand of varied products and the advance in process technology, the study is to design a headcount forecast model based on current manpower planning for direct labour (DL) and indirect labour (IDL) in Taiwan’s fab. The model can be used to forecast the future manpower requirement on each specialty for the strategic planning of human resource to serve the development of the industry.