• Proceedings of the EASDL Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.107-129
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• 2004

Sesame oil has been popular for hundreds of years in Korea because of its pleasant flavor and health benefits and has been studied for its antioxidant properties and flavor preferences attributed to its manufacturing methods. The objective of this study was to investigate the qualitative properties of six commercial sesame oils (3 Korean, 2 Japanese, 1 Chinese), The fatty acids in the oil are composed of two main acids oleic acid and linoleic acid with a P/S ratio of 4.99${\sim}$5.73. Of the tocopherol isomers, ${\gamma}$-toc ranged from 23.14 to 34.85mg/100g. Lignan such as sesamin(322.91${\sim}$689.39ppm) and sesamolin (62.19${\sim}$289.82 ppm) is found predominantly in sesame oil. Sesamol (8.52${\sim}$51.21 ppm) was significantly different depending on manufacturer, observed as greatest in the Korean and least in the Japanese products. The induction period was longest in order of the Korean, Chinese, and then Japanese product. The red and yellow values in Lovibond color were highest in the Korean and lowest in the Japanese product. The major volatile compounds (in order of content) were pyrazines, phenols, aldehydes, and then furans and contained a small amount of pyrroles, thiazoles and indoles. The levels of total volatiles were greatest in the Korean and least in the Japanese product. The most abundant volatiles in the Korean product were pyrazines, whereas phenols were higher in the Chinese product compared to the others. From these results, the relationships among pyrazines, sesamol, yellowness and induction period showed positive, respectively. In sensory evaluation, Korean panelists preferred, in order, the Korean, Japanese, and then the Chinese product in strength of and preference for the sesame flavor, also ranking it best in overall acceptance. Japanese panelists found similarities in the Korean and Japanese products and gave an equal level of preference for the sesame flavor and overall acceptance. On the other hand, Chinese panelists preferred the Japanese product in strength and sesame flavor rating it best on overall acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.566-574
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• 2014

This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical composition and fermentation conditions of sliced, dried radish kimchi with flying fish roe (DFFR). The levels of crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash in DFFR were higher than those in sliced, dried radish kimchi without flying fish roe (control). DFFR also contained higher levels of Fe and Ca, compared to the control. The inosine monophosphate (IMP) content of DFFR and control was 5.63 and 2.64 mg/100 g, respectively. The polyunsaturated fatty acid and DHA contents in DFFR were approximately 5 and 23 times higher than those in the control, respectively. The major free amino acids contained in these samples were arginine, proline, alanine, leucine, and valine. The number of cells belonging to the Leuconostoc species in DFFR was higher than that in the control. In sensory evaluation studies, DFFR scored the highest in terms of appearance, flavor, taste, and texture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to investigate the major characteristics associated with the flavor rate and their changes according to days after silking of super sweet corn(Cocktail 86) for vegetable and waxy corn(Chalok 1). Ear elongation finished around 22∼24 days after silking. In kernel development, elongation was much more prominant in super sweet corn than that in waxy corn but thickness was vice versa. Pericarp thickness and kernel hardness of super sweet corn were slightly increased but those of waxy corn were increased rapidly as the ears matured. Moisture and sucrose content of super sweet corn remained high but the waxy corn was not. The reducing sugars(glucose, fructose) were relatively high at the early maturity stage but they were decreased as the ears matured and negatively correlated with sucrose and flavor rate. Soluble solids (Brix %) were positively correlated with sucrose and total sugar(sucrose+ glucose+fructose) content in waxy corn but not in super sweet corn and was considered as inappropriate criate criterion to envaluate the sugar content and flavor rate. Pericarp thickness and sucrose content were positively correlated with the flavor rate in both hybrids but total sugar content, and kernel hardness were positively correlated with flavor rate in super sweet corn and waxy corn respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2015

Purpose: Borage oil (BO) and safflower oil (SO) are efficacious in reversing epidermal hyperproliferation, which is caused by the disruption of epidermal barrier. In this study, we compared the antiproliferative effect of dietary BO and SO. Altered metabolism of ceramide (Cer), the major lipid of epidermal barrier, was further determined by measurement of epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and protein expression of Cer metabolizing enzymes. Methods: Epidermal hyperproliferation was induced in guinea pigs by a hydrogenated coconut diet (HCO) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, animals were fed diets of either BO (group HCO + BO) or SO (group HCO + SO) for 2 weeks. As controls, animals were fed BO (group BO) or HCO (group HCO) diets for 10 weeks. Results: Epidermal hyperproliferation was reversed in groups HCO + BO (67.6% of group HCO) and HCO + SO (84.5% of group HCO). Epidermal levels of Cer1/2, GlcCer-A/B, and ${\beta}$-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), an enzyme of GlcCer hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group HCO + BO than in group HCO, and increased to levels similar to those of group BO. In addition, epidermal levels of SM1, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase), enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, but not of Cer3-7, were higher in group HCO + BO than in group HCO. Despite an increase of SPT and aSMase in group HCO + SO to levels higher than in group HCO, epidermal levels of Cer1-7, GlcCer-A/B, and GCase were similar in these two groups. Notably, acidic ceramidase, an enzyme of Cer degradation, was highly expressed in group HCO + SO. Epidermal levels of GlcCer-C/D and SM-2/3 did not differ among groups. Conclusion: Dietary BO was more prominent for reversing epidermal hyperproliferation by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of Cer1/2, GlcCer-A/B, and SM1 species, and of GCase proteins.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.496-502
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• 2004

The development of sesame varieties which contain high contents of lignan compounds has been progressed in Korea. This study was carried out to get the basic information for the breeding of high quality sesame varieties and the development of health functional food sources using lignan compounds from sesame. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin were $4.08\pm1.74$ and $2.47\pm0.68mg/g$, respectively, from sesame cultivated in 2002 and those were $4.08\pm1.51$ and $2.48\pm0.69mg/g$, respectively, from sesame cultivated in 2003. The content of sesamine was high in the order of Danbaek (6.22 mg/g), Seongbun (5.94 mg/g), Namda (5.83 mg/g), and Naman (5.59 mg/g) producted in 2002 and Seongbun (6.27 mg/g), Dasak (5.53 mg/g), Danbaek (5.50 mg/g), chinbaek (5.45 mg/g), and Seodun (5.41 mg/g) producted in 2003. The content of sesmoline was high in the order of Hwangbaek (3.27 mg/g), Seongbun (3.26 mg/g), Annam (3.22 mg/g), Hanseom (3.17 mg/g), and Danbaek (3.16 mg/g) producted in 2002, and Seongbun (3.21 mg/g), Seodun (3.14 mg/g), Pungan (3.10 mg/g), Naman (3.09 mg/g), and Danbaek (3.04 mg/g) producted in 2003. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin of Yangbaek, which has used as a standard variety for sesame breeding, were relatively lower than in any other varieties. These resluts suggest that Yangbaek is not the proper variety as a standard variety for development of high quality sesame. In conclusion, proper good variety as a standard variety for sesame breeding must be determined after careful consideration on the major quality factors including crude oil and lignan compounds as well as agricultural characteristics to develop high quality sesame varieties containing high contents of lignan compounds.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1981

In this study, sesame oil was chosen as the experimental sample and analysed for its triglyceride composition by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in combination with gas liquid chromatography(GLC). The triglycerides were separated from sesame oil by liquid chromatographies on Bio-Beads SX-2 and on Sephadex LH-20, and fractionated into five groups on the basis of their partition numbers by reverse phase HPLC on a column packed with $\mu-Bondapak$ C18 using methanol-chloroform mix-ture as a solvent. Each of these collected fractions gave one to three peaks in the GLC chromatograms according to the acyl carbon number of the triglyceride, and fatty acid composition of the triglyceride was also analysed by GLC. From the results, it was found that the sesame oil consists with twenty one kinds of triglyceri-des, and the major triglycerides of sesame oil are those of $(2\;{\times}\;C18:1,\;C18:2\;;\;17.1\%),\;(C18:1,\;2{\times}C18:2\;;\;17.0\%),$ $(3\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;17.0\%),\;(3\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;10.9\%),$ $(3\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;9.6\%),\;(C16:0,\;C18:1,C18:2\;;\;7.9\%),$ $(C16:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;7.4\%),\;(C16:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;6.8\%),$ $(C18:0,\;C18:1,\;C18:2\;;\;3.1\%),\;(2\;{\times}\;C18:0,\;C18:2\;;\;1.5\%)$ $(C18:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;1.4\%),\;(C16:0,\;C18:0,\;C18:1\;;\;1.3\%),$ $(2\;{\times}\;C16:0,\;C18:1\;;\;1.2\%),\;and\;(C16:0,C18:0,\;C18:2\;;\;1.0\%)$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effect of a traditional herbal complex (HC) extract prepared from a mixture of four oriental herbs (Dioscorea Rhizoma, Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc, Bombycis corpus, Fermented Glycine soja) that have been widely used for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus on hyperglycemia. The water extract of HC showed potent inhibitory effect on $\alpha$-glucosidase with $IC_{50}$ value of 1.24 mg/mL. Additionally, the ethanol extract of HC was also found to exhibit significant inhibitory effect against protein tyrosine phosphatase $1{\beta}$ ($PTP1{\beta}$), which is known as a major regulator of both insulin and leptin signaling. In the $PTP1{\beta}$ inhibitory assay, the most active n-hexane fraction obtained from the ethanol extract of HC, was identified as a mixture of fatty acid derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In high-fat diet-low dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat, the water extract of HC improved the oral glucose intolerance as compared with rosiglitazone. HC also caused a marked decrease of body weight and fasting blood glucose and a significant improvement on glucose tolerance in metabolic syndrome mice model. These findings support that this traditional HC may be useful in the control of blood glucose in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.330-339
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• 2008

Ceramide, cholesterol and free fatty acids are the major intercellular lipids, maintaining the integrity of the skin barrier. However, the roles of these lipids in canine skin barrier function are little known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repairing effects of 2% ceramide (CER), 2% cholesterol (CHO), 2% linoleic acid (LIN) and 2% intercellular lipid mixture (ILM) on damaged canine skin barrier by 1.25% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin pH and skin thickness were assessed. Histological profiles and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) profiles were assessed on day 12. SLS effectively induced the canine skin barrier damage. TEWL was significantly decreased by topical application of CER and ILM in SLS and vehicle-treated skin on day 8 and 12, respectively (p < 0.05, p < 0.0 I). By end of the experiment all lipids significantly decreased the TEWL as compared with SLS and vehicle control, but CER and ILM more significantly decreased the TEWL than UN and CHO, respectively (p < 0.01). Skin hydration was significantly increased by CER and ILM during experimental periods (p < 0.01). Skin pH was significantly decreased by CER, LIN and ILM. In histological profiles, the thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) was significantly increased by the SC lipids as compared with vehicle and SLS (p < 0.01). Especially, CER and ILM showed more prominent improvement of barrier recovery. In TEM of the SC, SLS induced exfoliations of corneodesmosomes in the SC, and CER and ILM effectively protected exfoliations of corneodesmosomes on SLS-damaged canine skin. These results indicated that topical application of CER and ILM dramatically improved damaged-skin barrier function by SLS. Also, it was considered that the use of CER or ILM was recommended for the management of skin barrier dysfunction by irritant and inflammatory skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis.