• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently yet little understood disease. Review was performed to promote understanding on the characteristics, pathophysiology, and risk factors of IBS. Content: IBS is characterized by abdominal discomfort associated with pain and altered bowel function; structural and biochemical abnormalities are absent. Generally IBS is more prevalent in women and people with higher educational and social background, but there are some controversies. IBS is diagnosed by the Rome II or Manning criteria after excluding organic gastrointestinal diseases. The pathophysioloy is explained by abnormal control mechanism of central and enteric nervous system. Mucosal immunity, secretions, and neurotransmitter are also associated with the hypersensitivity and motility change of bowel function. Stress is known as a major triggering factor and contributed to symptoms. Other risk factors are genetic elements, childhood experiences, inflammation, anxiety, depression, diet, and sleep disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.6 s.105
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• pp.888-906
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• 2004

With industrial restructuring and growing competition among places throughout the world, many countries including Korea are getting highly dependent on place marketing as their development strategy. Previous discussions on place marketing strategy maintain that the strategy should be performed on the basis of the unique placeness of each place. Not all places, however, have placeness that can be used for the place marketing strategy. Also, there are some cases of success in place marketing by introducing elements irrelevant to the places. In this context, this study aims to analyze previous debates on place and place marketing, and to investigate the possibility of creating placeness. In addition, it selected as case places the city of Ashland and the city of Jacksonville in the state of Oregon, USA and Tongyeong-si in Korea and examined how the art festivals, one of major means of place marketing, can be used in creating placeness.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2012

R&D Strategic Planning plays a crucial role in determining success or failure of R&D. However, current automatic services for supporting the purpose merely provide fragmentary quantitative/qualitative analytics, and force domain experts to carry out further manual analysis by themselves. Thus, this study aims at automatically supporting R&D strategic planning with efficiency and effectiveness. To achieve the goal, we design major services in the viewpoint of the relationship between technology and R&D actor, which are essential elements in R&D. 'Trends and Predictions', 'Technology Levels', 'Relationship Paths', 'Roadmaps', and 'Competitors and Collaborators' services were designed and implemented on about 15 millions papers and patents. Future works will include the support of higher level in the hierarchy of strategic intelligence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

Beginning in the Wei-Chin and Liu Ch´ao era(AD. 220-589), an awareness of natural beauty emerged as the major interest of scholars which created such a social atmosphere that served as the foundation of prosperous Chinese art. During the T´ang period, the desire to achieve natural beauty began to dominate every field of art including gardening. This study covers the T´ang period when scholars began to be conscious of aesthetics. The main objective of this study is to examine the significance of natural beauty as interpreted by Wangwei, an artist representative of the period, and of Wangchuan Villa in relation to aspects of garden theory. This study is mainly based on Wangwei´s anthology, landscape painting describing Wangchuan Villa, and historical records related to the Villa. The summary of conclusions of this study is as follows: 1) Wangwei´s concept of natural beauty is a combination of objective natural beauty and pastoral beauty, which stresses the essential beauty of nature. Moreover, he considered nature as a religious Utopia. 2)Wangchuan Villa, where Wangwei stayed until his death, was a place of seclusion representing his idea of natural beauty. There, he was able to realize the paradise of Buddhism full of zen aspirations. 3)From the perspective of garden theory, Wangchuan Villa can be classified as a suburb villa in terms of location, as a landscape garden in terms of elements, and as a villa based on a typical private land system in terms of forms. In addition, it may be considered as a garden that laid the foundation to realize a field of non-visible image and non-visible landscape, which is fundamental element of scholarly garden design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate user satisfaction with village bathhouses, selected from a two-year pilot project of common facilities for seniors in rural areas from 2014 to 2015. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire to evaluate user satisfaction, and 96 questionnaires were collected from 10 village bathhouses. User satisfaction was evaluated in five categories with a five-point scale: location and spatial composition; emotions and intimacy; safety; hygiene and equipment; and maintenance and management. The results are as follows. First, scores on hygiene and equipment stood at four points or higher, indicating higher user satisfaction. However, scores on the other four categories were below four points. But when overall user satisfaction was evaluated on a five-point scale, the average score stood at 4.13out of five points and 89.5 out of 100 points. These findings suggest that users were generally satisfied with the bathhouses. Second, a comparison of bathing patterns from before and after bathhouse construction in villages revealed that 42.7% of residents had previously gone to neighboring villages to bathe. Local bathhouse construction led to an increase in overall bathing frequency, exerting a beneficial effect on hygiene. Third, general user satisfaction correlated more closely with items related to location and spatial composition than items of other categories, indicating that the architectural elements of the bathhouses have a major impact. Finally, access to a bathhouse at all times showed strong correlation with satisfaction levels, suggesting a need for the establishment of more bathhouses throughout rural areas.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.747-751
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• 2013

Researches on U-Healthcare service integrating medical information and IT technologies are actively conducted. U-Healthcare service is the next generation's medical paradigm that ensures conveniences to many users so that the society recognizes the importance and attempts for commercialization through various business model are performed. To form such U-Healthcare service market safely, various policies on the social structure should be established through the standard and the medical law to systemize of the medical information led by the governmen. Especially, the government's security policy to ensure the safety for the government leading visualization of U-Healthcare should be firmly established. Firstly, this paper presents U-healthcare Service and policy guideline. Secondly, it analyzes security threatening factors for the safe U-Healthcare service. By classifying the analyzed security threatening factors based on three major elements of the security, Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of security policy for each element is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.120-135
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• 2010

Since emotion, creativity, and imagination has become the source of creating added value, the purpose of this study is to grasp the concept of high concept which has appeared as a major key word of modern culture and analyze the types of emotional expression found in modern fashion. Study methods were focused on literature review and case study. The literature review was conducted by news stories at home and abroad. The examples of case study were collected in fashion collection journals and related Internet web sites with their focus on from 2000 S/S to 2009 F/W to analyze emotional expression found in high concept-reflected fashion. The concept of 'high concept' suggested by Pink, Daniel H. lays on stress on ability to creative emotional value or cultural artistic value hidden behind the functional value, to make stories, and to combine ideas which do not seem to be connected with existing things. As a result of study, The forms of emotional expression found in high concept-reflected fashion included: art collaboration and art inspiration which were expressed through cross-category of culture and art; multi-culture design which expresses a mixture between western fashion and oriental costumes; funology design which expresses efficient value by high technology and fun value through humorous elements; and emotional digital design which can be transformed in function, shape and the use of materials representing light which is effectively used for fashion to represent fantasy or illusion connected with digital technology.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.657-671
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• 2015

The level of ductility is determined by depending on the intended use of the building, the region's seismic characteristics and the type of structural system when buildings are planned by engineers. Major portion of seismic energy is intended to be consumed in the plastic zone in structural systems of high ductility, so the occurrence of damages in load bearing and non-load bearing structural elements is accepted in planning stage under severe earthquakes. However, these damages must be limited among specific values in order not to endanger buildings in terms of the bearing capacity. Isolators placed between the basement and upper structure make buildings behave elastically by reducing the effects of seismic loads and improving seismic performance of building significantly. Thus, damages can be limited among desired values. In this study, the effectiveness of seismic isolation is investigated on both fixed based and seismic isolated models of a hospital building with high ductility level with regard to lateral displacements, internal forces, structural periods and cost of the building. Layered rubber bearings are interposed between the base of the structure and foundation. Earthquake analysis of the building are performed using earthquake records in time domain (Kocaeli, Loma Prieta and Landers). Results obtained from three-dimensional finite element models are presented by graphs and tables in detail. That seismic isolation reduces significantly the destructive effects of earthquakes on structures is seen from the results obtained by seismic analysis.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposes a sensor node positioning algorithm that utilizes the geo-spatial elements and considers the factors to represent the propagation loss generated by the various obstacles in the urban wireless environments. First, we measures the propagation loss about the radio frequencies in major road of the urban, and defines the correlation between the measured loss and the environment information for the road and its surrounding get from Urban GIS. Secondly, through the utilization of the loss-environment correlation, we describes the detailed instruction for requiring the radio coverage decision and deploy system implementation for the wireless sensor node in urban. By the consideration of interference factor by the building and the linear structure of road, we can evaluate the path loss below 5dB RMS error. And, we proposes the way to revise the sensor node deployment based on the corelation and the measured path loss.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

Since the major requisite of software production is manpower, the core element of the competitive power of software is also manpower. However, economic treatments and social status of software manpower are in a very unsatisfactory situation. While Korean government has been continuing to drive the policy to foster the local software industry, the most cultivating policies of software industry are adjusted to the focus to create the local market in software field, reinforce the global competitive power, and intensify the competitive basis of small and medium size business organizations. So it is true that manpower which is key players and core elements of the software industry, have been shunned by the government policy. The purpose of this study is to initiate the necessity of the policy for technical manpower in the software industry and to suggest a policy program to uplift the treatment of them. To achieve this purpose, this paper will analyze the structural relation between variables about software policy and suggest policy programs to improve the treatment of manpower in the software field.