• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2002

The effects of basal media, carbon, nitrogen, phosphate and some major macro elements on growth and shikonin production in Lithospermum erythrorhizon hairy root culture were studied. Among examined media, growth of hairy root cultured in B5 liquid medium was rapid, whereas shikonin production was high in MS liquid medium. Under B5 basal medium, sucrose concentration for optimal growth and shikonin production was 9% and 4% respectively. The growth and shikonin production on pH changes in B5 medium resulted little effect in pH 5.8 to pH 8.8 ranges, whereas growth was decreased dramatically in both above 8.8 and under 5.8. Nitrogen source and concentration effected on the growth and shikonin production. The highest growth rate was in B5 medium (50 mM $KNO_3$ and 1 mM $NaH_2PO_4)$, whereas the highest shikonin production was in the condition supplemented with 5 mM $KNO_3$ and 10 mM $NaH_2PO_4$.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1995

지하철의 운행에 의한 소음과 진동은 운행로 주위의 주민을 괴롭히는 중요한 요소의 하나이다. 일반적인 건물의 진동은 횡방향의 진동을 많이 고려하고 있으나 지하철의 운행에 의한 건물의 진동은 수직방향의 진동을 주요하게 다루어야 한다. 수직방향의 진동을 고려하기 위한 구조물은 보의 진동이 고려된 모델이어야 한다. 따라서 구조물의 수평방향 진동을 고려하기 위하여 사용된 모델은 수직방향의 진동을 고려하기 위한 모델과 같이 사용될 수 없다. 건물의 수직진동을 고려한 해석을 수행하기 위해서는 보의 관성력을 충분히 고려할 수 있는 모델이 사용되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지하철의 운행에 의한 구조물의 수직방향진동을 고려하기 위한 구조물의 해석 모델기법에 대하여 연구한 결과 기둥의 경우 하나이상 보의 경우 두개 이상의 요소로 나누어 해석하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

The 3' region of Potato virus X (PVX) has the 74 nt 3'-nontranslated region (NTR) that is conserved among all potexviruses and contains several cis-acting elements for minus-strand and plus-strand RNA accumulation. Three stem-loop structures (SL1-SL3), especially formation of SL3 and U-rich sequence of SL2, and near upstream elements in the 3' NTR were previously demonstrated as important cis-acting elements. To Investigate the binding of these cis-acting elements within 3' end with host protein, we used the electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and UV-cross linking analysis. The EMSA with cellular extracts from tobacco and RNA transcripts corresponding to the 150 nt of the 3' end of PVX RNA showed that the 3' end of PVX formed complexes with cellular proteins. The specificity of protein binding was confirmed through competition assay by using with 50-fold excess of specific and non-specific probes. We also conducted EMSA with RNAs containing various mutants on those cis-acting elements (${\Delta}10$10, SL3B, SL2A and ${\Delta}21$; J Mol Biol 326, 701-720) required for efficient PVX RNA accumulation. These analyses supported that these cis-acting elements are required for interaction with host protein(s). UV-cross linking analysis revealed that at least three major host proteins of about 28, 32, and 42 kDa in mass bound to these cis-elements. These results indicate that cis-acting elements from 3' end which are important for minus and plus-strand RNA accumulation are also required for host protein binding.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.99-119
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• 2015

본 연구는 청소년의 임파워먼트 형성에 초점을 둔 가정과 교육내용 선정 및 구성을 위해, 한국과 미국 가정과 교과서의 교육내용은 어떠한지 검토하고 시사점을 도출하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2009년 개정 교육과정에 기초하여 집필된 중학교 기술 가정 교과서 7종과 6~8학년 미국 교과서 4종을 대상으로 '청소년의 이해' 단원의 내용요소를 비교분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 임파워먼트 형성을 위한 23개의 가정과교육 내용요소를 선정하였다. 개인내적 임파워먼트 형성을 위한 내용요소로는 발달, 개성, 유전과 환경, 가치와 목표, 자아정체감, 자아존중감, 자신감, 정서, 스트레스의 9개, 대인관계적 요소로는 사회성, 역할, 친구, 의사소통, 갈등해결, 의사결정, 필요와 욕구, 자원관리, 우선순위의 9개, 사회적 요소로는 도덕성, 독립심, 리더십, 책임감, 시민의식의 5개가 선정되었다. 둘째, 이를 기준으로 한 미 교과서를 비교분석한 결과, 한국 교과서는 23개의 내용요소 중 58%, 미국 교과서는 90%의 내용을 다루고 있었다. 또한 한국 교과서는 학생들이 청소년 임파워먼트 관련 개념들을 잘 이해할 수 있도록 설명하는 데 중점을 두고 있었으며, 한편 미국 교과서는 학생들이 이러한 개념들과 학생들의 삶을 관련짓는 데 중점을 두고 있었다. 마지막으로 한 미 교과서 모두 사회적 임파워먼트를 형성하기 위한 내용요소를 가장 적게 다루고 있었다(한국: 37%, 미국: 70%).

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광물학회.한국암석학회 2003년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.54-54
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• 2003

The metasedimentary rocks together with various granitoids are the main constituents in Taebaeksan gneiss complex, northern Yeongnam Massif. Chemical compositions of sedimentary rocks may reflect the nature of the provenance and could be crucial for understanding the evolution of early continental crust. Previous workers have suggested that the provenance and tectonic studies based on the geochemistry of sediments are applicable to the Precambrian samples. In this study we analyzed the major, trace and REE elements of metasedimentary rocks to understand their provenance and tectonic setting during sedimentation. The overall geochemical characteristics of metasedimentary rocks are similar to those of average shale of the post-Archean. Major element chemistry indicates mature and sorted nature of the sediments. The degree of weathering in the source rocks the is not uniform, as inferred from a large scatter in chemical indices of weathering (CIW). The immobile trace elements such as Th, Sc, and REE can be used to discriminate various sedimentary processes. The Th/sc ratios (0.9 - 4.4) are larger than those of the upper crust and average shale, suggesting that the felsic source predominates. The contents of Ni and Cr and the variations in the ratio of compatible to incompatible elements are similar to the average post-Archean shale. Uniform chondrite-normalized REE pattern with the LREE enrichment (LaN/SmN = 4.9 ${\pm}$ 0.4) and slight negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu$\^$*/ = 0.7 ${\pm}$ 0.1) also support this observation. The presence of negative Eu anomaly indicates that intracrustal igneous processes involving plagioclase separation have affected the provenance rocks. The LREE enrichment implies the major role of felsic rocks in source rocks. The eNd (1.9 Ga) values of metasediment rocks vary from 9.4 to 6.7, corresponding to TDM of 2.9 - 2.7 Ga. On the other hand, the 147Sm/144Nd ratios are 0.1079 - 0.1101, corresponding to typical tettigenous sediments. The geochemical features of metasedimentary rocks such as high abundances of large ion lithophile elements, high ratios of Th/Sc and La/Sm, commonly high Th/U ratios, negative Eu anomalies, and negative eNd, suggest a provenance consisting virtually entirely of recycled upper continental crust in passive margin environment. Tectonic discrimination diagrams based upon major element compositions also support this suggestion. In conjunction with igneous activity and metamorphism in the convergent margin setting at 1.8 - 1. 9 Ga, the transition from passive margin to active margin characterize the Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution in northern Yeongnam Massif.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.251-274
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• 2016

Practical methodology for categorizing collaborative disciplines or research in a quantitative manner is presented by developing a Correlation Matrix of Major Disciplines (CMMD) using bibliometric data collected between 2009 and 2014. First, 21 major disciplines in science and engineering are defined based on journal publication frequency. Second, major disciplines using a comparing discipline correlation matrix is created and correlation score using CMMD is calculated based on an analyzer function that is given to the matrix elements. Third, a correlation between the major disciplines and 14 research fields using CMMD is calculated for validation. Collaborative researches are classified into three groups by partially accepting the definition of pluri-discipline from peer review manual, European Science Foundation, inner-discipline, inter-discipline and cross-discipline. Applying simple categorization criteria identifies three groups of collaborative research and also those results can be visualized. Overall, the proposed methodology supports the categorization for each research field.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine the elements that are required and that need improvement in the contents of dietary life education and the educational environment by analyzing the importance-satisfaction of a dietary life education program for dietary life education trainees. The results of the rank test for the satisfactory elements of dietary life education were in the order of competence of instructors, educational contents, time of education, educational environment and affordability of tuition. The importance-satisfaction analysis of the contents and construction of the dietary life education program showed that "suitable contents for the theme of the class", "contents and construction of practice class", "diversity of practice menu" and "diversity of educational contents" had high importance and satisfaction scores and therefore, could be maintained at their current levels. Meanwhile, "adequacy of class time" and "contents and construction of theory class" showed low importance and satisfaction scores, requiring a little effort. Whereas, "time and construction of group practice", "structure of textbook for class" and "duration of course and number of classes" showed relatively low satisfaction compared to importance, requiring major efforts for improvement. Similarly, analysis of the lecture element from dietary life education showed that "professional lecture by instructors", "lectures suitable for themes" and "lecture applicable in real life" had relatively low satisfaction compared to importance, requiring major efforts for improvement. In addition, analysis of the educational environment from dietary life education showed that "adequacy of lecture room space", "cooking equipment", "diversity of cooking utensils" and "sanitary condition of cooking utensils" also require major efforts for improvement. Therefore, dietary life education should not be executed with a simple delivery of knowledge but with both theory and practice classes to increase its application in real life, and active and specific efforts are required to nurture professional instructors and establish educational strategies.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.703-716
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• 2022

This study was conducted with students who had experience in purchasing nail products asa result of by taking the nail design course of the department of beauty at a junior college. The purpose of this study was to provide useful information to nail companies, including the importance of product elements and effective media promotion, to support the planning and promoting of nail products for beauty major students. Means analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were conducted on detailed characteristics related to nail beauty (degree of nail management, degree of contact with nail beauty media) and considerations for the purchase of nail products. The results were as follows: For beauty major students, it was concluded that the greater the interest in nail beauty, such as degree of nail management and degree of contact with nail beauty media, the greater the interest in product quality, purpose, and safety, which are practical product elements considered when purchasing nail products. It was also confirmed that Instagram and YouTube advertising media have a significant effect on promoting nail product brands for beauty major students. As the subjects of this study comprise beauty major students in their early 20s, there is a limit to expanding and applying the conclusions of this study to general nail product consumers. Therefore, in subsequent studies, analysise of a wider range of nail product consumers should be conducted through an expanded sampling method.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2014

세계도시의 철도역들은 새로운 역사개발 및 기존역사 재생에 있어서 대중교통지향형개발(TOD) 패러다임에 의한 개발을 실시해 오고 있다. TOD는 대중교통결절점을 중심으로 고밀화, 복합적 토지이용, 보행친화적 환경조성, 다양한 대중교통수단 연계 등을 융합한 도시개발이라 할 수 있다. 국내의 연구에서는 TOD 개발에 있어 정책적, 방향성 제시를 위한 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 방법론적으로는 TOD 계획요소에 대한 대중교통이용률, 토지이용의 효율화, 지하철이용자수요와의 실증분석 등의 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 TOD의 주요 계획요소에 대한 미약한 현황분석은 TOD의 실질적인 정책적, 제도적 지원을 창출할 수 있는 근거를 마련하지 못하는 실정이며, 역세권의 문제점을 파악하는데 다양한 관점에서 고려되지 못하는 한계점을 지니고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행연구와 FGI를 통해 TOD 계획요소를 도출하며, 역세권 반경 500m를 기준으로 분석한 자료의 표준화(Re-Score)값과 AHP 분석을 통해 산출된 계획요소에 대한 중요도를 곱하여 평가점수를 도출한다. 분석결과 TOD 계획요소의 중요도는 접근특성, 대중교통특성, 토지이용특성, 인구특성 순으로 나타났고, 서울시 32개 주요 환승역세권은 잠실역, 사당역, 교대역 등이 TOD 평가점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2012

The wintertime high loading for atmospheric pollutants is certainly expected in the Byunsan Peninsula of Korea because of a great-scale reclamation project having construction of 33 km tidal sea dike impounding an area of over 40,000 ha and long-range transport. The goal of this study is to trace the origin of this wintertime burden for ambient particulate matter (hereafter called "PM") in the Byunsan Peninsula of Korea. The size-segregated (i.e., cutoff size from 0.01 ${\mu}m$ to 4.7 ${\mu}m$) PM sampling was conducted at a ground-based site of Byunsan Peninsula located in the west coast of Korean Peninsula during the height of dike constructing. Data archived in this study are the mass concentrations of ionic, elemental, and carbonic components in size-fractioned PM. The elemental mass of individual submicrometer particles was also analyzed. The sum of 5-source (i.e., elemental carbon, organic materials, inorganic secondary pollutants, crustal matter, and sea-salts) concentrations shows the bimodal distribution (major and minor peaks formed around $D_p$, 0.65 ${\mu}m$ and $D_p$, 4.7 ${\mu}m$, respectively) by border with 0.19 ${\mu}m$ of cutoff size. The concentrations of EC in $PM_{1.1-0.01}$ in winter and spring times were 4.62 ${\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ and 3.74 ${\mu}g\;m^{-3}$, respectively. Elemental masses of submicron individual particles are classified into two groups, i.e., the major elements (Cl, Al, Si, S, and P) and the minor trace elements. Cluster analysis differentiated the elements in submicron individual particles into 4-cluster. Among them, three clusters are in agreement with the major (Al, Si, S, and P), minor (Fe, Ca, and K), and trace compositions of coal burning. Meanwhile, Cl classified as an independent cluster has different source profile which was mainly due to the Saemangeum seawall project. Some highly toxic elements (e.g., Cr, Mn, and As (and/or Pb)) were also detected in some part of submicron individual PM. As a consequence, the combination of the Saemangeum project and winter monsoon played a considerable part in the double aggravation of wintertime air pollution in the Byunsan Peninsular.