• 제목/요약/키워드: maize(Zea mays L.)

검색결과 121건 처리시간 0.026초

감마모델을 이용한 옥수수의 화분비산 모델링 (Modelling of Pollen Dispersal of Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Gamma Model)

  • 이용호;권영선;왕굉위;이수정;코빌;판디안;홍선희;이동진;백형진;장영석;김욱
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.365-370
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 유전자 조작 옥수수의 유전자 유출을 막기 위한 관리방법 개발의 목적으로 고려대학교 GMO 격리포장에서 2010년에 수행된 화분 비산실험의 결과를 이용하여 Yamamura(2004)의 Gamma model로 모델링하였다. 1. 모델의 결정계수는 0.44로 예측치가 실측치를 잘 설명하였다. 2 옥수수 화분의 최대 비산 방향은 북서쪽으로 나타났다. 3. 최대 비산 방향으로 타가수분율이 0.001까지 낮아지는 거리인 '유전자유출 한계거리(0.001)'는 525 m 그리고 국내법상 비의도적 GMO 혼입허용치인 0.03 까지 낮아지는 거리인 '최소 동일작물 재배 한계거리(0.03)'는 35 m로 나타났다.

옥수수 유식물 신초에서 Brassinosteroid류의 동정 및 생합성 경로 추정 (Identification and Biosynthetic Pathway of Brassinosteroids in Seedling Shoots of Zea mays L.)

  • 강민욱;김영수;김성기
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.411-419
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    • 2003
  • GC-MS/SIM를 통하여 옥수수 유식물 신초로부터 해 castasterone (CS)과 6-deoxocastasterone (6-deoxoCS)을 동정하였다. 또한 BRs의 생합성 전구물질인 24$\alpha$-methylcholesterol과 24$\alpha$-methylcholestanol이 동정하였다. 이들 BRs와 생합성 전구물질은 BRs의 생합성과정 중 후기 C6산화과정에 속하는 화합물로서, 옥수수 유식물 줄기에서는 BRs의 생합성 과정으로 후기 C6산화과정이 주된 생합성 과정임을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 옥수수 유식물 줄기내의 BRs가 발아와 더불어 종자에서부터 이동해 온 것인지, 아니면 줄기 생장 시 줄기 자체가 생합성된 것인지를 조사하기 위하여 몇몇 중요한 후기 C6산화과정의 반응을 촉매하는 효소의 활성이 유식물 줄기에 존재하는지를 조사하였다. 그 결과 후기 C6산화과정에 포함되는 24$\alpha$-methylcholestanol에 서 6-deoxocathasterone (6-deoxoCT), 6-deoxoteasterone (6-deoxoTE) 에서 6-deoxo-3-dehydroteasterone (6-deoxo-3-DHT)을 거쳐 6-deoxotyphasterol (6-deoxoTY),그리고 6-deoxoCS에서 CS로의 과정을 촉매하는 24$\alpha$-methylcholestanol 22(R)-hydroxlyase, 6-deoxoTE dehydrogenase/6-deoxo-3-DHT reductase, 6-deoxoCS oxidase의 활성이 옥수수 유식물 줄기에 존재하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이는 유식물 줄기 생장 시 필요한 BRs가 발아종자로부터 이동되는 것이 아니라, 유식물 줄기 자체에서 생합성 될 가능성이 높음을 나타내는 결과라 할 수 있다. 또한 옥수수 유식물 줄기에서 CS를 brassinolide(BL)로 전환하는 BL synthase의 활성이 검출되지 않아, 옥수수 유식물 줄기에서의 활성형 BR은 BL이 아닌 CS임을 밝혔다.

Plant responses to nano and micro structured carbon allotropes: Water imbibition by maize seeds upon exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon

  • Dasgupta-Schubert, N.;Tiwari, D.K.;Francis, E. Reyes;Martinez Torres, P.;Villasenor Cendejas, L.M.;Lara Romero, J.;Villasenor Mora, C.
    • Advances in nano research
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2017
  • Multiwalled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNT) and micro-structured carbon, such as biochar or activated carbon (AC), have been seen to significantly increase the growth indices of certain plant species such as maize (Zea mays L.). Seed imbibition is the stage where environmental factors that affect water transport across the seed coat barrier, make a large impact. This work explores the effect on water imbibition by maize seeds when the aqueous environment surrounding the seed is diluted by small concentrations (10 and 20 mg/l) of pristine MWCNT (p-MWCNT), carboxylate functionalized MWCNT (COO-MWCNT) and AC. The degree of sensitivity of the process to (i) large structural changes is seen by utilizing the nano (the MWCNT) and the micro (the AC) allotropic forms of carbon; (ii) to small changes in the purity and morphology of the p-MWCNT by utilizing 95% pure and 99% pure p-MWCNTs of slightly differing morphologies; and (iii) to MWCNT functionalization by using highly pure (97%) COO-MWCNT. Water imbibition was monitored over a 15 hour period by Near Infrared Thermography (NIRT) and also by seed weighing. Seed surface topography was seen by SEM imaging. Analysis of the NIRT images suggests rapid seed surface topological changes with the quantity of water imbibed. While further work is necessary to arrive at a conclusive answer, this work shows that the imbibition phase of the maize seed is sensitive to the presence of MWCNT even to small differences in the purity of the p-MWCNT and to small differences in the physicochemical properties of the medium caused by the hydrophilic COO-MWCNT.

옥수수와 녹두의 Invertase Isozymes 활성에 미치는 식물호르몬 및 광선의 효과 (The Effect of Plant Hormones and Light Quality on the Invertase Activity in Maize (Zea mays L.) and Mung Bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.))

  • 이동희;홍정희;김영상
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.21-21
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    • 1995
  • 여러 파장의 광선(백색, 적색, 녹색 그리고 청색광)과 NAA, $GA_3$, BA 등의 식물호르몬을 옥수수와 녹두 유식물의 잎에 처리하여 환원당 축적과 invertase isozymes 활성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. NAA는 옥수수와 녹두 잎의 환원당과 invertase isozymes 활성의 증가를 촉진하였으나, $GA_3$는 환원당 축적과 효소의 활성증가에 효과적이지 못하였다. 한편 BA는 녹두 잎의 imvertase isozmes의 활성증가를 유도하는 반면, 옥수수 잎에 있어서는 큰 영향을 미치니 못하였다. 환원당의 축적에 있어서 적색광은 백색광에 비하여 효과적이였으나, invertase isozymes의 활성증가에 있어서는 여러 파장의 광선 모두가 촉진효과를 보여주지 않았다. 식물호르몬과 광선의 동시처리에 있어서 NAA와 백색광 동시처리는 녹두 잎의 환원당 축척 및 invertase isozymes의 활성증가에 매우 효과적이였으며 NAA와 청색광 동시처리는 옥수수 잎의 환원당 축척과 invertase isozymes의 활성증가에 매우 효과적이었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 옥수수와 녹두 잎의 환원다 축척 및 inverses isozymes의 활성증가에 있엇 식물호르몬, 큭히 NAA는 여러 파장의 광선보다 더 중요한 요인인 것으로 사료된다.

옥수수와 녹두의 Invertase Isozymes 활성에 미치는 식물호르몬 및 광선의 효과 (The Effect of Plant Hormones and Light Quality on the Invertase Activity in Maize (Zea mays L.) and Mung Bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.))

  • 이동희;홍정희;김영상
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.323-333
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    • 1995
  • 여러 파장의 광선(백색, 적색, 녹색 그리고 청색광)과 NAA, $GA_3$, BA 등의 식물호르몬을 옥수수와 녹두 유식물의 잎에 처리하여 환원당 축적과 invertase isozymes 활성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. NAA는 옥수수와 녹두 잎의 환원당과 invertase isozymes 활성의 증가를 촉진하였으나, $GA_3$는 환원당 축적과 효소의 활성증가에 효과적이지 못하였다. 한편 BA는 녹두 잎의 imvertase isozmes의 활성증가를 유도하는 반면, 옥수수 잎에 있어서는 큰 영향을 미치니 못하였다. 환원당의 축적에 있어서 적색광은 백색광에 비하여 효과적이였으나, invertase isozymes의 활성증가에 있어서는 여러 파장의 광선 모두가 촉진효과를 보여주지 않았다. 식물호르몬과 광선의 동시처리에 있어서 NAA와 백색광 동시처리는 녹두 잎의 환원당 축척 및 invertase isozymes의 활성증가에 매우 효과적이였으며 NAA와 청색광 동시처리는 옥수수 잎의 환원당 축척과 invertase isozymes의 활성증가에 매우 효과적이었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 옥수수와 녹두 잎의 환원다 축척 및 inverses isozymes의 활성증가에 있엇 식물호르몬, 큭히 NAA는 여러 파장의 광선보다 더 중요한 요인인 것으로 사료된다.

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Effect of co-inoculation of Brevibacterium iodinum RS16 and Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 on the early growth of crop plants in Saemangeum reclaimed soil

  • Kim, Kiyoon;Kwak, Chaemin;Lee, Youngwook;Sa, Tongmin
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2014
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effect of single and co-inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on early plant growth in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Plant growth promoting Brevibacterium iodinum RS16 and Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 were inoculated on maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased plant height, dry biomass accumulation and macro-nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased plant height in maize by 41.2% at 30 days after sowing (DAS), shoot dry weight and total dry weight compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (N and P) in maize roots was significantly increased with co-inoculation treatment, K and Ca content was significantly increased at B. iodinum RS16 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (P, K, Ca and Mg) in shoot was higher with M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. In case of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, co-inoculation treatment showed 33.7% increase in plant height compared to non-inoculated treatment at 30 DAS. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased root dry weight and total dry weight, macro-nutrient accumulation in roots and N, Ca and Mg accumulation in shoot compared to non-inoculated treatment. P and K accumulation in shoot was significantly increased at co-inoculation treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. This pot culture experiment demonstrated that single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased the early growth and nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.

다양한 계통의 옥수수 미성숙배로부터 캘러스 유도와 식물체 재분화 (Callus induction and plant regeneration from immature zygotic embryos of various maize genotypes (Zea mays L .))

  • 홍준기;박기진;이강섭;김둘이;김주곤;이승범;서은정;이연희
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2017
  • 옥수수의 최적 조직 배양 조건을 확립하기 위하여 옥수수 국내 5 계통과 국외 11 계통 총 16 계통을 포트와 포장 재배하여 미성숙 배를 분리하여 배발생 캘러스 유도 및 식물체 재분화율을 조사하였다. MS 배지에 auxin으로 1.5 mg/L Dicamba와 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 가 첨가된 배지에서 캘러스 형성은 본 실험에 사용된 옥수수 계통 모두에서 높은 빈도로 유도되었으며, 캘러스로부터 식물체 재분화는 5mg/L zeatin이 첨가된 재분화 배지에서 높은 재분화율을 보였다. 또한 포장에서 재배된 옥수수로부터 미성숙 배를 분리하여 사용하였을 때 캘러스 유기 및 식물체 재분화 효율이 높았던 것으로 보아 미성숙 배를 분리하기 위한 옥수수 상태 및 genotype이 중요한 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통하여 배 발생 캘러스 형성 및 식물체 재분화 효율이 조사된 옥수수 계통들은 생명공학 기술을 활용한 신품종 개발을 위한 형질전환 시스템 개발에 유전자원으로 활용될 수 있는 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

Forage Yield and Quality of Summer Grain Legumes and Forage Grasses in Cheju Island

  • Kang, Young-Kil;Cho, Nam-Ki;Yook, Wan-Bang;Kang, Min-Su
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.245-249
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    • 1998
  • Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.), mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.], cowpea [V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.], adzuki bean [V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi], maize [Zea mays L.], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sorghum $\times$ sudangrass [So bicolor intraspecific hybrid], and Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Link) W.F. Wight] were grown at two planting dates (18 June and 15 July) at Cheju in 1997 to select the best forage legumes adapted to Cheju Island for grass-legume forage rotation. Averaged across planting dates and cultivars, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yields were 5,646, 1,056, and 3,637 kg/ha for soybean, 4,458, 676, and 2,661 kg/ha for mungbean, 3,289, 553, and 2,055 kg/ha for cowpea, 3,931, 674, and 2,489 kg/ha for adzuki bean, 12,695, 969, and 7,642 kg/ha for maize, 17,071, 1,260, and 8,857 kg/ha for sorghum, 16,355, 1,163, and 8,543 kg/ha for sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid, and 8,288, 929, and 4,091 kg/ha for Japanese millet. Soybean was higher in CP, ether extract (EE), and TON content but was lower in nitrogen free extract content compared with the three other legumes. The legumes had much higher CP (13.7 to 21.9%), EE (2.42 to 6.23%), and TDN (58.7 to 69.9%) content but lower in crude fiber (CF) content (17.3 to 25.3%) than did the grasses tested except maize which had relatively lower CF content but higher TDN content. These results suggest that soybean could be the best forage legume for grass-legume forage rotation in the Cheju region.

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Solubilization of Hardly Soluble Phosphates and Growth Promotion of Maize (Zea mays L.) by Penicillium oxalicum Isolated from Rhizosphere

  • SHIN WANSIK;RYU JEOUNGHYUN;CHOI SEUNGJU;KIM CHUNGWOO;GADAGI RAVI;MADHAIYAN MUNUSAMY;SESHADRI SUNDARAM;CHUNG JONGBAE;SA TONGMIN
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.1273-1279
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    • 2005
  • Penicillium oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa, an efficient phosphate solubilizing fungus, was evaluated for its production of organic acid in vitro and effect of inoculation on the growth promotion of Maize under greenhouse conditions. The fungus solubilized 129.1, 118.8, and 54.1 mg P/1 of tricalcium phosphate [$Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$], aluminum phosphate ($A1PO_{4}$),and ferric phosphate ($FePO_{4}$), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. Malic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid were detected in the flasks supplemented with various phosphate sources [240, 146, 145 mM/1 $A1PO_{4},\;FePO_{4},\;and\;Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$, respectively] together with a large amount of malic acid followed by the other two. The effects of inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa on maize plants were studied under pot culture conditions. P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa was inoculated to maize plants alone or together with inorganic phosphates in the form of fused phosphates (FP) and rock phosphates (RP). Inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa increased the plant growth and N and P accumulation in plants, compared with control plants, and also had positive effects when applied with RP. The results of this study show that the fungus P. oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa could solubilize different insoluble phosphates by producing organic acids, particularly malic acid, and also improved the efficiency of RP applied to maize plants.

The development of herbicide-resistant maize: stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize using explants of type II embryogenic calli

  • Kim, Hyun A.;Utomo, Setyo Dwi;Kwon, Suk Yoon;Min, Sung Ran;Kim, Jin Seog;Yoo, Han Sang;Choi, Pil Son
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.277-283
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    • 2009
  • One of the limitations to conducting maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using explants of immature zygotic embryos routinely is the availability of the explants. To produce immature embryos routinely and continuously requires a well-equipped greenhouse and laborious artificial pollination. To overcome this limitation, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system using explants of type II embryogenic calli was developed. Once the type II embryogenic calli are produced, they can be subcultured and/or proliferated conveniently. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate a stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize using explants of type II embryonic calli and to evaluate the efficiency of the protocol in order to develop herbicide-resistant maize. The type II embryogenic calli were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 carrying binary vector pTF102, and then were subsequently cultured on the following media: co-cultivation medium for 1 day, delay medium for 7 days, selection medium for $4{\times}14$ days, regeneration medium, and finally on germination medium. The T-DNA of the vector carried two cassettes (Ubi promoter-EPSPs ORF-nos and 35S promoter-bar ORF-nos). The EPSPs conferred resistance to glyphosate and bar conferred resistance to phosphinothricin. The confirmation of stable transformation and the efficiency of transformation was based on the resistance to phosphinothricin indicated by the growth of putative transgenic calli on selection medium amended with $4mg\;1^{-1}$ phosphinothricin, northern blot analysis of bar gene, and leaf painting assay for detection of bar gene-based herbicide resistance. Northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay confirmed the expression of bar transgenes in the $R_1$ generation. The average transformation efficiency was 0.60%. Based on northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay, line 31 was selected as an elite line of maize resistant to herbicide.