• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

It is important to grasp the accurate lighting level for appropriate maintenance of the road lighting equipment. It is developed 2 division illuminance measurement systems. This system has a small size and no need to block the way and achieves the speedy measurement and high accuracy data in automatically measurement. As a result, this system can save expense and time to measure roadway lighting.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1130-1135
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• 2004

The vertical roller mill is the important machine grinding and mixing various crude materials in the manufacturing process of portland cement. Vertical roller mill is subjected to the cyclic bending stress by rollers load. It demands $4{\times}10^7$ cycle but has $4{\times}10^6{\sim}8{\times}10^6$ cycle. It fractures at the edge of grinding path of outside roller. The repair expense for it amounts to 30% of total maintenance. Therefore, this study shows optimal design for vertical roller mill using DOE and neural network.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.1322-1324
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• 2004

Lately, there is urban transit vehicles in trend that speed is increased and safety are reinforced. In the case of Japan, is developing vehicles that the electric motor of direct drive type for maintenance expense curtailment and noise decrease. It is predicted to happen the demand of EMU met new environment such as wide area railway in domestic. Furthermore, It is need the introduction of vehicles met new standard according to reinforcement of safety standard such as interior finishing material. Therefore, This paper present about the development direction of urban transit vehicles in domestic environment.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1570-1572
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• 2005

Is changed from ground signal way to Onboard signal way serving speed elevation of railroad worldwide. Therefore, importance of Onboard signal equipment is rising. Onboard signal equipment value of first time construction important. Domestic railroad and city railroad are built without standard current. Therefore, much expense is paid in maintenance and alternate of equipment. Therefore, establish standard for devices of childhood. Therefore, can have curtailment of operational expenses and specialization of skill human strength.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.509-517
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• 2008

Rolling stock is the method of railway transportation. Especially, in the subway system which has short headways particularly during the rush hours, even one train's trouble on the main line might influence the whole line. Accordingly, to prevent a train trouble on the main line, high expense is used for the maintenance parts, workforce and facilities, etc. according to the preventive maintenance program. Therefore, in designing a EMU, emphasis should be put on the minimization of trouble and its extending influence on the mainline with the priority of safety and reliability. Seoul subway line 5 is the line that complements the first stage Seoul subway(lines 1,2,3 and 4) and is built deeply with many curved sections causing lots of dust. Studies were made to find out the importance of car design, selection of specifications and continuous maintenance on the basis of the analysis and countermeasure of the line 5 EMU inverter trouble case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Importance of road that is country base equipment is occupying fair part. Therefore, establishment of road and maintenance expense for road management are increasing continuously. These problem can manage efficiently through data model construction that take advantage of framework data. But, because of difference of method of study in research institution, framework data research was constructed being overlapped until current. This is because framework data research was no access of application side. Therefore, National Geographic Information Institute presented subject framework data model guide through framework data model standardization business. This research constructed road management data model that take advantage of traffic framework data. Therefore, we can check equal data construction and reduce expense accordingly. Also, because there are not data model development instances by framework data model, it is difficult that judge whether is suitable to apply framework data model guide. Hence, in this study, the extended road management data medel and the suitability of framework data is presented.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.234-244
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• 2003

In distributed file-systems, cooperative caching algorithm which owns the data cached at each node jointly is used to reduce an expense of disk access. Cooperative caching algorithm is the method that increases a cache hit-ratio and decrease a disk access as it holds the cache information of distributed systems in common and makes cache larger virtually. Recently, several cooperative caching algorithms decrease the message costs by using approximate information of the cache and increase the cache hit-ratio by using local and global cache fields dynamically. And they have an advantage that increases the whole field hit-ratio by sending a replaced block to the idel node on cache replacement in order to maintain the replaced block in the cache field. However the wrong approximate information deteriorates the performance, the concistency maintenance goes to great expense to exchange messeges and the cost that manages Age-information of each node to choose the idle node increases. In this thesis, we propose a cooperative cache algorithm that maintains correct cache information, minimizes the maintance cost for consistency and the management cost for cache Age-information. Also, we show the superiority of our algorithm through the performance evaluation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

Although the subject of sprinkler installations in Korean regulations is less strict than in other advanced countries, many building owners and managers tend to install sprinklers only in the types of buildings designated by law or create building designs for which sprinkler installation standards are not applied. This is because priority is given to cutting installation expenses rather than providing building fire safety. In this study, the benefit is estimated for various expenses from installation and maintenance of sprinklers as an investment. As a result of comparing sprinkler system installation expense and the financial benefit by efficiency analysis, the payback period is 1/20 of the building life expectancy and its efficiency is twice the expense. Therefore, installation of sprinklers by regulation has financial efficiency and it is desirable to broadly encourage the installation of sprinklers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.704-714
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• 1997

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the operation and the environment of foodservice in elementary schools nationwide. A questionnaire about foodservice management to practice and foodservice operation was mailed to dietitians of each school . Of the 1, 416 schools that participated in this survey, 388 schools were selected for analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. More schools in small cities . Education levels of dietitians were significantly different from area to area. Mean total length of employment for dietitians at school foodservice was 4.7 years and varied significantly by area and the type of foodservice system. Foodservice has been operated for 2-5 years in most of schools. Schools in large cities served more people than those in small cities and rural areas. Also , schools adapting conventional foodservice system served more people than those adapting commissary or joint management system. Foodservice expense also veried significantly by area and foodservice systems. Mean foodservice expense per meal were significantly higher in schools adapting commissary system than those adapting other systems. Most schools employed dietitians, cooks, and assistant cooks, but not engineers not drivers. Mothers of students were working voluntarily. The degree of participation by mothers in cooking , serving , and cleaning was higher in schools of small cities and rural areas than those in large cities, in schools adapting commissary or joint management system than those adapting conventional system. Education and training ranked as personnel management had one of the hardest tasks. Education and training of employees were also difficult for dietitians, especially in commissary or joint management systems. Percentage of schools having separate lunchroom was higher in small cities rural areas than in large cities, in joint management or commissary system than conventional system. Most difficult matters in serving was the portion control. Over 40% of schools did not use standard recipes. Menu cycles were shorter in schools in small cities and rural areas which adapted the joint management system than area other schools. Except refrigerators, thermos , display racks, sterilizers, sinks, worktables, and table, all other equipment were insufficient in most of schools. More than half of the schools didn't have rice cookers, flatware racks, and distributing carts which are stated plainly in detailed enforcement regulations for school foodservice. Cooking equipments were described as the most needed by dietians. According to the results of this survey, many and urgent problems need to be addressed improve the quality of school foodservice . Lunchroom setups, effective personnel management and expenses, recipes standardization, serving size control and regular checking and repairing of equipments are all problems to be addressed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.11B
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• pp.758-771
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• 2005

Information systems in current corporations are managing and storing large data officially happened on individual and various databases. Corporations for migrating the stored data from these individual databases are adopting with technologies of EAI, MDR, DW etc.. However these technologies are not only required to expenses introduction charge and maintenance cost but also have problems of heterogeneous environment required per each vender In this paper, to solve problems of these current existing technologies, we propose to design our data migration system to migrate source data and semantic constraint condition between heterogeneous relation databases based on web service. As corporations use web services, they can reduce introduction expense and maintenance cost because of using current existent web environment. Each system can independently migrate XML based data against any platform, system environment, and Implementation language.