• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.134-153
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 19세기에 중건된 조선시대 창경궁의 내전 전각을 대상으로, 지붕가구를 구성하는 주요 부재들의 치수계획을 고찰하고 서까래의 물매를 결정하는 요소를 분석하여 궁궐건축 내전 전각에 있어서 지붕가구계획의 기법을 밝히고자 하였다. 창경궁 내전 전각의 지붕가구를 형성하는 주요 부재의 치수계획은 다음과 같다. 먼저 평주의 길이는 궁궐지의 기록과 일치하였으며 고주의 계획치수는 촌(寸)단위까지 사용하였다. 영춘헌과 같이 평주의 길이가 촌단위까지 치목되어질 때 고주의 길이는 완척으로 계획되어 평주와 고주 사이에 형성되는 장연의 물매는 일정한 값을 갖는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 초익공 부재는 대체로 1.2척(尺)의 높이를 가지며 이익공의 경우에는 0.8척으로 초익공보다 0.4척 정도 작게 나타났다. 한편 장혀의 단면 폭은 0.3척으로 규모에 관계없이 일정하며, 다만 단면 높이의 경우 0.6~0.7척으로 대별된다. 도리의 직경은 1척을 기준으로 0.1척을 가감(加減)하였으며, 장연의 직경은 전각의 규모에 따라 0.5~0.6尺의 사이에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한국 전통목조건축 지붕가구의 형성에서 서까래의 물매결정은 먼저 장연의 물매를 정한 후, 건물의 전체 높이를 결정하는 종도리의 높이를 정하고, 중연을 걸기 위해 동자주의 위치와 높이를 조정하는 방식으로 지붕가구를 계획하는 것으로 파악되었다. 특히 장연 물매는 건물 규모에 따라 특별히 정해진 값이 있는 것이 아니라 전면 평주높이와 포작의 구성 등에 따라 자연스럽게 결정된 것으로 추정된다. 그리고 중연을 사용하는 경우 중연물매의 결정방식은 양통 어칸을 등간격으로 분할한 후, 동자주의 위치 또는 길이를 조정하는 방법을 사용하였던 것으로 추정할 수 있다.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to classify types of the eaves structure of buildings with the Jusimpo-type structure and to analyze the characteristics of each eaves structure. For this objective, forty buildings were selected and investigated. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First, the main members of framework which handle a load burden on the long-rafter(長椽) are classified as the Jusim-dori(柱心道里) and the Oemok-dori(外目道里). Based on the method of handling a load, the eaves structure is classified into three types; the Jusim-processing-type(柱心中心形), the Oemok-processing-type(外目中 心形), and the Oemok-processing-variant-type(外目中心變異形). The Jusim-processing-type is the set where the internal length of a long-rafter is longer than the length of the eaves on the basis of the center of a column. The Oemok-processing-type is the set where the external length of a long-rafter is longer than the internal length of it. And the Oemok-processing-variant-type is the set where the internal length of a long-rafter is longer than the external length of it, but it is shorter than the length of the eaves which includes the extruded length of a Buyeon(浮椽). Second, the Jusim-processing-type had been generally adopted in the Jusimpo-type structure of the Goryeo Dynasty. But since the 17th century, the Oemok-processing-type had the highest application rate. Third, the change from the Jusimdori-processing-structure to the Oemokdori-processing-structure means that the long-rafter is moved to the direction of outside of the building, and thus the Jung-dori(中道里) is gradually moved to the column center. And, the change of the eaves with the Jusimpo-type structure was not a process for increasing the length of the eaves but a process for adopting the advantages of the Dapo-type structure by changing the arrangement of purlin. Fourth, the change from the Jusimpo-type structure to the Dapo-type structure could be understood as a process for moving the main point for handling a load from the Jusim-dori to the Oemok-dori.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2019

Vinyl house consists of main rafter, lateral member, clamps and polyethylene film. Many vinyl houses are used to grow fruits, flowers and vegetables in the countryside. Due to climate change, vinyl houses are often destroyed by strong winds or typhoons in summer. Many farmers suffer great economic damage from the collapse of vinyl houses. So it is very important to build a safe vinyl house and find a method to withstand this heavy wind load. In this study, a structural analysis was performed on four types of vinyl houses(10-single-4, 10-single-6, 10-single-7, 10-single-10). In addition, axial force and flexural moment are obtained from the structural analysis of four types of vinyl house. For these four types of vinyl house, structural safety was reviewed by obtaining the combined stress ratio by the strength design method. This structural review showed that the specifications for the vinyl house proposed in the design are not safe. Especially, the result of structural analysis for four types of vinyl house showed that the vinyl house structure constructed as a standard was a very dangerous structure. Therefore, it is necessary to devise diverse methods in order to make vinyl houses structurally safe for heavy wind load in the future. Also a variety of manual development is needed to prevent the collapse of vinyl houses at heavy wind load.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2019

Vinyl house consists of main rafter, lateral member, clamps and polyethylene film. Many vinyl houses are used in the countryside to grow vegetables. These vinyl houses have occasionally been collapsed due to heavy snowfall in winter. Many farmers get a lot of economical damages, if vinyl houses are collapsed. So it is most important to built a safe vinyl house that can withstand heavy snowfall. In this study, a structural analysis was performed on three types of vinyl houses(07-single-01, 10-single-04, 12-single-01). In addition, the structural analysis of the three types of vinyl houses provided axial forces, flexural moment, and combined stress. For these three types of vinyl houses, structural safety was reviewed by obtaining the combined stress ratio by the strength design method. This structural review showed that the specifications for the vinyl house proposed in the design are not safe. Especially, the result of increasing the design snow load by 15 percent and 30 percent showed that the vinyl house structure constructed as a standard for vinyl house was a more dangerous structure. Therefore, it is necessary to revise regulations such as increasing the thickness of rafters or widening the gap in order to make vinyl houses structurally safe for heavy snowfall in the future, and to devise diverse methods to make vinyl houses that are structurally safe.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 기존 비닐하우스 아연도 강관을 사용한 하우스 폭 3.6m와 5m 천창개폐형 대립계 포도 비가림하우스에 대한 구조적 안전성을 검토하고, 인장강도 $400N{\cdot}mm^{-2}$(SGH400 등) 이상의 파이프를 사용하는 조건에서 하우스 폭 5m인 천창개폐형 대립계 포도 비가림하우스에 대하여 구조적으로 안전한 최적 파이프 규격을 제시하고자 수행하였다. 주기둥 $3m{\times}$서까래 60cm인 천창개폐형 3.6m 비가림하우스의 경우, 적설심 35cm에서는 구조적으로 안전한 것으로 분석되었으나 측면 및 전후면 풍속 $35m{\cdot}s^{-1}$에서는 불안전한 것으로 나타났으며, 동일 주기둥과 서까래 간격을 갖는 천창개폐형 5m 비가림하우스의 경우에는 적설심 35와 풍속 $35m{\cdot}s^{-1}$에서 모두 불안전하여 구조보강이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 동일 주기둥과 서까래간격을 가지나 인장강도 $400N{\cdot}mm^{-2}$ 이상을 갖는 파이프를 사용하는 조건에서 천창개폐형 5m 비가림하우스의 최적 파이프 규격은 지붕높이 1.6m(아치형)와 지붕높이 1.8m(복숭아형)에 대하여 동일하게 두 경우로 규격화 할 수 있었다. 즉, 안전풍속 $35m{\cdot}s^{-1}$와 안전적설심 40cm에서 구조적으로 안전한 서까래 규격은 ${\Phi}31.8{\times}1.5t@600$이었으며, 안전풍속 $35m{\cdot}s^{-1}$와ss 안전적설심 35cm에서는 서까래 ${\Phi}25.4{\times}1.5t@600$인 것으로 분석되었다. 덕면으로부터 곡부보까지의 높이는 안전적설심보다는 안전풍속에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며, 처마를 높임에 따라 측면풍속에 대해서는 방풍벽파이프(측벽서까래)를, 전후면 풍속에 대해서는 마구리기둥의 규격을 강화하여야 하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the present status of dwelling spaces and deduct sustainable elements in transformation of them by comparing the restored drawings with the surveyed drawings focused on traditional houses that exist in the urban area of cheongju city in Korea. In alteration and extension of these traditional houses, scale of a private room became larger as it has been connected and expanded, the exterior main hall (Daecheong) became the interior living room, and the conventional kitchen was westernized and changed from K type to DK or LDK type. The toilet located at outside was installed by the attached aisle (Toetgan) inside and the existing room. The extension was completed with equipments, storage space, and rental accommodation. The conservative and sustainable elements in the various transformation of them are as follows. Firstly, it was to maintain 3 rooms such as main room (anbang)-main hall (daecheong)-detached room (gunnunbang). Secondly, it was to sustain the circulation of kitchen and arrangement of the - type worktable even though it was westernized. Thirdly, extension of storage space was completed less than 600 mm within the eaves. Although there were functionally and structurally many changes in 18 houses, 4 houses had maintained wooden floor of main hall, 5 houses long planked wooden floor of the attached aisle, and 12 houses rafter ceiling of the main hall and the attached aisle.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제6호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 1995

In this paper, a strategy for utilizing the Korean tradi-tional spaces and interior design elements in inner space in order to express Korean-style interior design has been studied. Characteristics of Korean tradition was gathered from literatures in two categories; space and el-ements. Space again has been studied in detail in the area of split, continuity, hierarchy, elasticity, dynamics. And study of elements includes floor, wall, ceiling, dan-chung, lattice, laytiles on a roof, rafter, extended eaves, the line of eaves. 30 Korean restaurants were selected, analysed and compared with literature review. Based on the compari-son, a strategy for proper expression and utilization of Korean tradition is suggested. In the process of compari-son, current status of implementation and problems were found. Traditional elements are used in about 50% of Korean restaurants located in hotels, and 25% of those located in department stores. With the survey and other professional's opinions, an implementation plan is suggest-ed as follows; 1. Succession design method of tradition should use main-ly amelioration method and use copy and partly abstraction method. 2. Expression of tradition has to include all of space, ele-ments, and decoration. In space structure, Korean tra-dition space structure must be applied. 3. In order to design with feeling of Korean tradition, various different Korean elements have to be used. 4. In order to express high quality design, high-quality elements has to be used.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2010

This paper is aimed to clarify field technique of non-educated constructors in timber structure of korean-style secondary station(Gong-So) on the annex of catholic church. The main object of this study is Sin-Sung and Su-Bun secondary stations which post-lintel structure was 2high columns(Go-Ju) 5beams(Ryang) in Jeon-Buk area of Korea. We reached the following conclusion. Firstly, these secondary stations are required a lots of space for number of persons with the introduction of basilica plane. These plans have different intervals in the layout. Secondly, they constructed the holy space by using high columns(Nae-Jin-Go-Ju). The former problems of plan layout are sloved by reinforcement and replacement eaves and rafter of logitudinal. Thirdly, the elements showed the natural feature such as irregular wooden floor, arch-type head pentrating tie and a ceiling. In the end, we knew that non-educated constructor had found a way in the problem for accepting unreasonable work.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2020

The area of facility horticulture in Korea is increasing rapidly, the single-span pipe house which uses galvanized steel pipe as the main rafters occupies 78.7% of the facility area. Lightweight structures such as the single-span pipe house are vulnerable to meteorological disasters such as strong winds, economic losses of the state, local governments and farmers are continuing as construction does not meet the design standards. In order to minimize economic losses in the horticultural specialty facilities sector, the Rural Development Administration has been operating the horticultural disaster resilient standard for horticultural specialty facilities since April 2007. The only standard for the pipe connector is the disaster resilient standard, there is no standard for the uplift capacity of the house pipe foundation and the research on it is also insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of uplift capacity according to the foundation type, compaction ratio and embedded depth through soil box test. The results of the maximum uplift capacity according to the type, compaction ratio and embedded depth can be used as the basic data for the basic design of the pipe house conforming to the disaster resilient standard. Due to the limitation of soil box test, it may be different from the behavior of pipe house installed on site. In the future, the field test and the actual pipe house should be made and supplemented by comparing this result with the field test values.

• 농업생명과학연구
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.273-281
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 온실시공 및 유지관리 지침마련을 위한 기초자료로 사용하기 위하여 플라스틱 필름 온실의 구조재를 대상으로 휨 시험을 실시한 후, 하중-변위의 관계를 검토하였다. 그 결과 시편의 형상에 관계없이 시편의 규격이 클수록 항복 및 최대하중이 큰 경향을 보였으며, 변위도 동일한 양상을 보였다. 강관이 각관보다 항복 및 최대하중은 적게 나타났으며, 변위는 크게 나타났으며, 강관의 경우는 항복 및 최대하중 하에서의 변위는 각각 1.42~4.20mm 및 5.80~24.13mm정도의 범위에 있었다. 각관의 경우에 변위는 각각 1.62~3.00mm 및 3.13~8.01mm정도의 범위였다. 그리고 본 시험의 결과와 기존의 연구에서 제시한 기준 값들을 보면, 동일한 부재임에도 불구하고 부재들이 사용되는 온실형태나 사용목적(예, 샛기둥)에 따라 큰 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 유리온실인 와이드 스팬 및 벤로 형을 대상으로 제시하고 있는 경우(h/100, h/80)에도 변형이 각각 28.0mm 및 35.0mm(기둥 길이 280cm 적용)정도로서 네델란드의 유리온실 표준 기준(14.0mm)과 비교해도 큰 차이가 있었다. 스팬이 60cm인 경우, 주서까래나 도리 부재의 본 시험결과는 기존의 연구에서 제시한 값들 보다 각각 55.7% 및 39.3%정도 크게 나타났다. 그리고 기둥의 경우, NEN의 기준 값인 14.0mm와 비교해서 본 시험결과는 43.7%정도 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 변위제한은 온실의 종류나 형태 및 규격 등 다양한 요인에 의해서 다를 수 있기 때문에 이들 요인들을 반영한 연구나 시험들을 진행하여 온실 시공 및 유지관리 등에 반영할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.