• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2010

Objectives: The lung cancer mortality in Korea has increased remarkably during the last 20 years, and has been the first leading cause of cancer-related deaths since 2000. The aim of the current study was to examine the time trends of occupational lung cancer and carcinogens exposure during the period 2006-2009 in South Korea, by assessing the proportion of occupational burden. Methods: We defined occupational lung cancer for surveillance, and developed a reporting protocol and reporting website for the surveillance of occupational lung cancer. The study patients were chosen from 9 participating university hospitals in the following 7 areas: Seoul, Incheon, Wonju, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan, and Gwangju. Results: The combined proportion of definite and probable occupational lung cancer among all lung cancers investigated in this study was 10.0%, 8.6%, 10.7%, and 15.8% in the years 2006 to 2009, respectively, with an average of 11.7% over the four-year study period. The main carcinogens were asbestos, crystalline silica, radon, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), diesel exhaust particles, chromium, and nickel. Conclusion: We estimated that about 11.7% of the incident lung cancer was preventable. This reveals the potential to considerably reduce lung cancer by intervention in occupational fields.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2009

The main objective of this breeding program is to develop high yielding, disease resistance and good processing potato cultivar. 'Gui Valley' is a clonal selection resulting from a cross between 'ND2471-8' and 'Cona'. It has medium plant height and light green foliage. 'Gui Valley' has medium flowering habit and light pink flowers. 'Gui Valley' is a medium maturing potato cultivar and tubers are smooth, yellow skin, light yellow flesh, long-oval tuber shape, distinct red eyes with medium depth and medium dormancy. It has high level of tuber uniformity and good keeping quality. 'Gui Valley' demonstrates resistance to potato virus Y (PVY), soft rot, but moderately susceptible to late blight and common scab. It is also resistant to most of the internal and external physiological disorders particularly dehiscence, hollow heart and internal brown spot. The specific gravity of 'Gui Valley' is significantly higher (1.097) than that of 'Shepody' (1.078). 'Gui Valley' has suitable for processing mainly French fries and chips. This cultivar has high level of tuber uniformity and capable of yielding 37.6 $t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, which is 18.2% higher than the control potato cultivar 'Shepody' under optimum agronomical practices.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 1976

Reorganization of myun health care service is one of the main issues in health care delivery in rural Korea. The fundamenta, concept of the role and function of the myun health subcenter is that it is the basic unit of rural health care service and is to provide comprehensive health care service through the integration of curative and preventive services. The aim of this study is to analyze the patterns of curative activities in the myun health subcenter in terms of the most prevalent types of diseases, necessary diagnostic methods and required equipment, types of treatment, necessary drugs and materials, and finally the cost of curative services. The population on which this study was done was the 1596 patients who visited the two myun health subcenters (Sunwon Myun and Naega Myun) in Kang Wha County, the area of the Yonsei University Community Health Teaching Project, during period from May 1, 1975 to June 10, 1976. For the patient's record in the clinic, problem oriented medical records were used. Decisions regarding the disease classification, the diagnostic methods used and selection of the most appropriate and adequate medical treatment were made by a group of three experienced physicians after reviewing the medical records which had been written by public physicians who were treating patients in the study area. The records were reviewed by resident staff members of the Department of Preventive Medicine, of Yonsei University College of Medicine. A brief summary of results of the study is as follow: 1. 29.9% of the patients who visited the clinics were ages between 0-4. No sex difference was observed among patients less than 20 years of age. However, among patients over 20 years old, females predominated. Thus it is evident that the majority of patients were either children or mothers and grandmothers. 2. The distance from the individual villages to the myun health subcenter was one of important factors in determining the ratio of clinic visits. However, other factors such as the activities of the health workers also affected the rates substantially. 3. The most common 25 diseases comprised 90.2% of all the diseases recorded. Acute respiratory infection (25.5%), Skin (12.7%) , diarrheal diseases (6.8%), neuralgia and back pain (4.9%) and. all other injuries (3.9%) were the five most common diseases. 4. Of all the diseases diagnosed and treated, 9.2% required simple laboratory tests for diagnosis, 6.5% required X-ray examination, and altogether 13.6% required either laboratory test or X-ray examination. 5. Treatment and management of 42.0% of the cases could be accomplished with simple, inexpensive drugs, 12.8% required the use of more expensive drugs (mostly antibiotics) and injections were required in 19.7% of the cases. Minor surgery and referral were necessary in 5% of the cases. 6. The cost for diagnosis and treatment was estimated with a standard which was set by general concensus. The average cost of diagnosis was 144 per case and the cost of treatment was 726 per case, The Total average cost per visit was 870.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 1997

Variations in growth and yield of adlay(Coix lachyma-jobi var. ma-yuen Stapf) was monitored in farmer's fields in Yunchon, the main producing area in Korea, where the field condition showed difference in topograyphy, crop rotation, and ridge shape. Rotation cropping increased remankably stem length, and number of effective tillers, reduced the occurrence of leaf blight and crop damage by the disease, and in addition showed positive effect to repress the occurrence of stem-borerin upland field. Stem length was greater in upland field than in paddy field and this result seemed to be related to lodging degree. The even field with crop rotation system showed the highest seed yield and followed by hillside field and paddy field resulted the lowest yield.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.187-201
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the health status and health promoting behavior of older adults in rural area. The design of research was descriptive study. 883 older adults over sixty years living in the rural area of Pusan city were surveyed from July 9. 1999 to July 20. 1999 through direct interview using a questionnaire and physical examination. The collected data were analyzed for percentage. mean. Chi square-test. ANOVA using the SPSS computerized program. The main results were as follows: 1. 43.4% of subjects lived alone or with only partner. 2. 37.13% of subjects had perceived own health condition as bad. 3. Major 'chronic diseases that the subjects were suffered were diabetes(25.94%) and hypertension(9.11%). 4. The mean score of perceived depression was 17.71 of 44. 5. 87.98% of subjects replied that they had good relationship with their family and friends. 6. 8.57% of subjects were identified as over weight. while 10.85% were low weight. 7. 29.93% of subjects replied that they were smoking. By the group. the rate of smoking of man was significantly higher than women. and lower age group than higher age group, and higher education group than lower education group. 8. 70.38% of subjects didn't practice exercise. By the group, the rate of exercise of woman was significantly lower than man, and higher age group than lower age group, and lower education group than higher education group. 9. 12.33% of subjects replied for the frequency of drinking as more three -times a week. By the groups. man showed significantly more frequency than woman. the lower age group than higher age group, the lower education group than the higher education group. 11. The mean score of nutrition state was 3.73 which means moderate risk state. 12. The 57.53% of subjects replied, their sleeping time as below 7 hours. 13. The 15.75% of subjects had experience a periodical inspection. In conclusion, older adults in rural area were identified having various health risk factor, Looking at the results. It is necessary to develope health promotion program which enhances older adults to practice health promoting behavior and to manage their chronic disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

Background: Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-$PGE_1$) has vasodilating and platelet aggregation inhibitory characteristics and it has been used as a treatment for patients with blood flow dysfunction disease. Based on the mechanisms of lumbar spinal stenosis, including veno congestion, neuro-ischemia and mechanical compression, we aimed to study whether intravenous Lipo-$PGE_1$ injection has any therapeutic effect on hyperalgesia in a rat foraminal stenosis model. Methods: In this study, twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control (n = 10) and Lipo-$PGE_1$ (n = 10) groups. A small stainless steel rod was inserted into the L5-6 intervertebral foramen to induce intervertebral foramen stenosis and chronic DRG compression. In the Lipo-$PGE_1$ group, $0.15{\mu}g/kg$ of Lipo-$PGE_1$ were injected intravenously via a tail vein for 10 days starting from the $3^{rd}$ day after operation. Behavioral testing for mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia was performed for 3 weeks after the injections. Results: From the $10^{th}$ day after Lipo-$PGE_1$ injection, the rats in the experimental group showed significant recovery of their mechanical threshold, and this effect was maintained for 3 weeks. No significant differences of the thermal hyperalgesia were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intravenously injected Lipo-$PGE_1$ may be effective for alleviating neuropathic pain, which isthe main symptom of spinal stenosis, by improving the blood flow dysfunction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

This was a qualitative study on medical aid patients to understand the cause and process of statistical difference of health service utilization between medical aid and health insurance patients. The main results were the following; 1) There was few overuse of health service in medical aid patients. The reason of heavy utilization was mainly due to the complicated disease. Some of them were considered to overuse physical therapy and oriental acupuncture. 2) In case of medical aid patients, medical cost was paid by their welfare benefit of government or by the support of family or neighbors. They usually could not adequately use the services of uninsured benefit or large hospitals due to the cost. Some patients just endured the pain. There was still discrimination for medical aid patients in some medical institutions. 3) The health officials and institutions did not provide sufficient information to medical aid patients about the policy of medical cost support. 4) Health policies, such as selective clinic system, medial aid case management, approval of extended care, were considered to contribute in preventing unnecessary use of health service. However, this might limit adequate use of medical aid service. In conclusion, there is little evidence of overuse of health service for medical aid patients, which is different from the previous studies. A new plan is necessary, because medical aid patients thought that the necessary health service was not accessible to them.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2011

Objectives : Based on data collected from patients who suffered from dental caries during the period between 1990 and 2008, the number of patients and their trends were analyzed as a source of evidence to conduct the oral health plan. Methods : A population of sample design for patient survey data was derived from computerized data saved at medical institutions accredited by National Health Insurance Corporation. Large institutions such as dental hospitals were included for the complete enumeration test, while the rest of medical institutions, for example, dental clinic, relatively small institutions, were used for the sample survey. Most of patients with dental caries were outpatients and their disease was treated at the dental hospital or dental clinic in general, therefore, main analysis was carried out at those institutions. Results : The rate of patients who suffered the dental caries has decreased to 56.8% in 2008 from 78.5% in 1990. The rate of patients who visited the dental hospital for treatment has increased to 4.8% in 2008 from 0.5% in 1990, whereas the percentage of those who visited the dental clinic has fallen to 97.9% from 99.5% during the same period. The ratio by age, in the meantime, it showed that patients aged 40s has increased to 13.5% in 2008 from 7.2% in 1990, and the number also has risen in 50s from 5.6% in 1990 to 9.9% in 2008. However, the number of children aged 0 to 9 who visited hospital for treatment of dental caries has fallen to 17.0% in 2008 from 33.9% in 1990. Conclusions : By figuring out the trends of patients with the dental caries during the period between 1990 and 2008, fundamental data for the oral health policy have been collected. As a result, the necessity of a new medical treatment system for managing the dental caries in terms of patient ages as well as the oral health policy and campaign was taken into consideration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.765-774
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide informative statistics which can be used for effective Diabetes Management Programs. We collected and analyzed the data of 666 diabetic people who had participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007 and 2008. Group classification on management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus is based on the K-means clustering method. The Decision Tree method and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to study factors of the management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus. Diabetic people were largely classified into three categories: Health Behavior Program Group, Focused Management Program Group, and Complication Test Program Group. First, Health Behavior Program Group means that even though drug therapy and complication test are being well performed, people should still need to improve their health behavior such as exercising regularly and avoid drinking and smoking. Second, Focused Management Program Group means that they show an uncooperative attitude about treatment and complication test and also take a passive action to improve their health behavior. Third, Complication Test Program Group means that they take a positive attitude about treatment and improving their health behavior but they pay no attention to complication test to detect acute and chronic disease early. The main factor for group classification was to prove whether they have hyperlipidemia or not. This varied widely with an individual's gender, income, age, occupation, and self rated health. To improve the rate of diabetic management, specialized diabetic management programs should be applied depending on each group's character.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays a key role in neuronal cell damage, which is associated with neurodegenerative disease. The aim of present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of perilla oil (PO) and its active component, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), against hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to $250{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 24 h were treated with different concentrations of PO (25, 125, 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$) and its major fatty acid, ALA (1, 2.5, 5 and $25{\mu}g/mL$). We examined the effects of PO and ALA on $H_2O_2$-induced cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and nuclear condensation. Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX. RESULTS: Treatment of $H_2O_2$ resulted in decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, and increase in the nuclei condensation as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining. However, PO and ALA treatment significantly attenuated the neuronal cell death, indicating that PO and ALA potently blocked the $H_2O_2$-induced neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the $H_2O_2$-induced up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA. CONCLUSIONS: PO and its main fatty acid, ALA, exerted the protective activity from neuronal oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$. They regulated apoptotic pathway in neuronal cell death by alleviation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved caspase-9 and -3. Although further studies are required to verify the protective mechanisms of PO and ALA from neuronal damage, PO and ALA are the promising agent against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death.