• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to perform a pattern analysis in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) resulting from unilateral mastication due to chronic periodontitis. Methods: Thirty participants with signs or symptoms of TMD who engaged in unilateral mastication due to periodontitis-related discomfort (test group) were selected. Another 30 subjects exhibiting signs or symptoms of TMD resulting from unilateral mastication not due to chronic periodontitis (control group) were also recruited. An interview-based questionnaire was administered, and an examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with determination of periodontal status was performed. Results: The duration of unilateral mastication was significantly longer in the control group than in the test group. There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of unilateral mastication and the Community Periodontal Index score. Using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) axis I algorithms, all the subjects were assigned to 3 main groups. The test group exhibited significantly a higher diagnostic distribution of group III (arthralgia, osteoarthritis, or osteoarthrosis), and in both the test and control groups, the number of diagnoses was larger for the non-chewing side. The control group showed a significantly higher diagnostic distribution of group I (myofacial pain), and in both the test and control groups, the number of diagnoses was larger for the chewing side. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that unilateral mastication due to chronic periodontitis could induce not only pain but also structural TMJ changes if adequate treatment is not administered and supported within a short time from the onset of the condition. Therefore, immediate treatment of chronic periodontitis is recommended to prevent not only the primary progress of periodontal disease, but also secondary TMJ-related problems. Furthermore, subjects who have suffered chronic long-term periodontitis without treatment should be urged to undergo a TMJ examination.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2014

Background: Apoptosis plays a role in the development of pleural effusion. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, a marker for epithelial cell apoptosis, was evaluated in pleural effusion. Methods: A total of 79 patients with pleural effusion were enrolled. The underlying causes were lung cancer (n=24), parapneumonic effusion (n=15), tuberculous effusion (n=28), and transudates (n=12). The levels of M30, an epitope of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, were measured in blood and pleural fluids using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with routine cellular and biochemical parameters. The expression of M30 was evaluated in the pleural tissues using immunohistochemistry for M30. Results: The M30 levels in pleural fluid were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis ($2,632.1{\pm}1,467.3U/mL$) than in patients with lung cancer ($956.5{\pm}618.5U/mL$), parapneumonic effusion ($689.9{\pm}413.6U/mL$), and transudates ($273.6{\pm}144.5U/mL$; all p<0.01). The serum levels were not significantly different among the disease groups. Based on receiver operating characteristics analysis, the area under the curve of M30 for differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from all other effusions was 0.93. In the immunohistochemical analysis of M30, all pathologic types of cancer cells showed moderate to high expression, and the epithelioid cells in granulomas showed high expression in tuberculous pleural tissues. Conclusion: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 was most prominently observed in tuberculous pleural effusion and showed utility as a clinical marker. The main source of M30 was found to be the epithelioid cells of granulomas in tuberculous pleural tissues.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2000

This research is a field investigation to collect basic information about the safe and efficient use of physical restraint in hospitals and for the ultimate minimization of restraint use. The objects of this study were sixty-four patients. They were restrained physically. Add their 32 family members, 24 nurses of two university hospitals in Seoul were also involved in the study. From April 16, to May 27, 1999. Research data were collected throughout the observation and interview process. Also, the data was analyzed using frequencies and field study notes that were invented by researchers. Results of this study were as follows: 1. According to the sex and age distinction; male's restraint use was 75%, female's was 25% and pre-schoolage children 39.1%, middle age 26.5%, and senior citizens 20.3%. According to the disease distinction; neuro-system was 35.9%, respiratory system was 21.9%. In the Ward, 40.6% of ICU patients were restrained and 39.0% of pediatric ward children were also to restraint. 70.3% of patients were restrained under 5days, while 10.9% were restrained 10days. 2. Types of physical restraints were wrist restraint (45.21%), arm board (35.62%), leg restraint (8.22%), chest restraint (6.85%), elbow restraint (2.74%) and mitten restraint (1.37%). 3. The percentage was 3.5%, which was in 64 restrained out of 1828 hospitalized people. At 1st investigation, the ratio was 3.5%, the 2nd was 3.0% and the 3rd was 3.9%. 4. The reasons of using the physical restraint were 'to protect implements' (72.84%), 'to protect patients' (18.52%), 'to protect an operative site' (8.64%). 5. The result of the patients; family and nurses' response analysis was: 'It seems to be safe', 'It uses properly', 'It is convenient for relatives and nurses', 'It is helpful to treatment', 'Objective think it is not restraint' were 79.9%. 'It is discomfort and stuffy', 'The implement is ineffective' were 21.1%. However in interview of the patients who can do verbally communication, 6 of 7 was responded that 'It is stuffy and uncomfortable'. 6. When restraint is used, the main decision is usually made by the nurses 42.2% of the time. The statistics read as thus: nurses and the physician in charge 31.3%, nurses and family 12.5%, physician's order 7.8%, only family 6.2%. Although the record of restraint was only 15.6% so that only 10 cases out of all the 26 ICU patients restrained. This study shows that physical restraints which of infringe independent-right of patients, are used without using criterion, explaining the agreement. Also, subjective decision of physician, nurses, and family make the decision of using restraint. So development of practice manuals and rules for restraint implementation is urgent.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2011

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the degree of stress and social support among residents in a rural area. Methods: We used the baseline data of the Korean Genomic Rural Cohort (KGRC), a sub-cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KOGES) that collected data about relationships among environmental, genetic risk factors, and chronic illness in Korean adults since November 2005. The cases chosen for the study included 1737 men and women, aged 40 to 70, living in a rural area of Wonju-city, South Korea. A questionnaire interviewing method was addressed in 2006. The final participants consisted of 1349 participants, of which 589 were male (43.7%) and 760 were female (56.3%). We applied the hierarchical multiple regression analysis with three stages. The first and second stages include socio-demographic and health-related behaviour factors and the third stage includes more social support factors. Results: The main findings revealed that the amount of social support and health-related behaviour significantly influenced the level of stress the subjects reported. The degree of stress was shown to be significantly higher for the following individuals: females, those who were divorced, the bereaved, participants who suffer from chronic disease, and non-exercisers. Low social support was shown to be negatively associated with stress. Conclusion: Social support factors along with socio-demographic and health-related behavior had an influence on stress levels in Korean rural adults. It is necessary to relieve residents from stress through diverse social support programs and healthy living initiatives.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.332-344
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of Asian research and suggest a direction for the future development of nursing research in Asian countries Methods: To examine the current status of Asian nursing research, 539 abstracts presented at the 2011 East Asian Forum of Nursing Scholars in Seoul were analyzed according to the structured analysis format. Results: The results showed that most of the studies (77.6%) were quantitative design, but qualitative design was also conducted. Most of quantitative studies were quasi experimental designs and questionnaires are most frequently used for data collection. Only 8.5% of the studies used physiological measures. Key words were categorized into four nursing metaparadigms: clients, environment, health and nursing. The most frequently mentioned domain was health. Main themes of research were elderly, chronic disease, health promotion, and nurse/nursing management. Most frequently used key words were elderly, social support, depression, and stress. Conclusion: Major trends were similar in Asian countries, and mostly conducted with quantitative designs. Research topics were varied and major interests in nursing research topics were elderly, health promotion, and mental health in all countries. We need to develop nursing science based on closer communication and cooperation among Asian countries.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2010

Excessive oral and maxillofacial bleeding causes upper airway obstruction, bronchotracheal and gastric aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid and correct bleeding control is very important for saving lives in the emergency room. Despite the conventional bleeding control methods of wiring (jaw fracture, wound suture and direct pressure), continuous bleeding can occur due to the presence of various bleeding disorders. There are five main causes for excessive bleeding disorders in the clinical phase; (1) vascular wall alteration (infection, scurvy etc.), (2) disorders of platelet function (3) thrombocytopenic purpura (4) inherited disorders of coagulation, and (5) acquired disorders of coagulation (liver disease, anticoagulant drug etc.). In particular, infections can alter the structure and function of the vascular wall to a point at which the patient may have a clinical bleeding problem due to vessel engorgement and erosion. Wound infection is a frequent cause of postoperative active bleeding. To prevent postoperative bleeding, early infection control using a wound suture with proper drainage establishment is very important, particularly in the active bleeding sites in a contaminated emergency room. This is a case report of a rational bleeding control method by rapid wiring, wound suture with drainage of a rubber strip & iodoform gauze and wet gauze packing, in a 26-year-old male cerebral palsy patient with active oral and maxillofacial bleeding injuries caused by a traffic accident.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.118-126
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• 2008

Dental fear is one of the main barriers to the use of dental services, leading patients to avoid periodical dental check-ups or treatments, thus making oral health worse, and sometimes becoming the reason that dental professionals fail control the behavior of patients. Therefore, a dental fear must be controlled carefully in order to promote oral health and effective dental treatment. This study was taken from 313 people 13 to 18 year olds to measure their levels of dental fear. After analyzing the characteristics of dental fear and its related factors, as well as other factors which influence dental fear, we acquired the following results. 1. The level of dental fear was high, compared with advanced countries with relatively good oral health. 2. The strongest physiological response experienced during a dental treatment was the tension of muscles. These dental fears were mainly related to anesthetic needles and drills. 3. Levels of dental fear became higher, the number of times for the dental services utilization had reduced, avoid regular dental examination and perceived oral disease symptoms increased. 4. One of the biggest influences on dental fears turns out to be direct painful experiences and beliefs about dentists.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

A dental treatment room is always exposed to diverse kinds of pathogenic bacteria, and may be a mediating place of cross-infection given being contaminated the interior of a room through several routes in the form of patient's secretion and aerosol. The main agent of preventing cross-infection is a dental hygienist in the dental treatment and the dental treatment room where are scattered about a risk of cross-infection. A dental hygienist needs to have right recognition on infection control before being active as a clinical expert. This infection-control recognition level is influenced from the clinical practice. Accordingly, to survey recognition of infection control, a self-administered questionnaire research was conducted targeting 314 students who are fixed the clinical practice as regular subject in the junior course out of curriculum for the Department of Dental Hygiene at some of 4-year universities. Data collection was performed from December 9, 2011 to February 22, 2012. Except 11 copies of questionnaire with insincere response among the collected materials, 303 copies were finally analyzed by using SPSS WIN 20.0. The following conclusions were obtained. In the infection disease section, both on and off campus showed 4.89 points from 'the importance of recognizing the infections prevention', 4.65 points from 'recognizing the compulsory preventative injection for hepatitis type B', 4.77 points from 'recognizing the necessity of the preventative injection for hepatitis type B', 4.71 points from 'whether practice the prevention in reality or not', and 4.76 points from 'the educational helps to the prevention'. In other words, the section recorded the highest and meaningful points. It is considered to be needed the development in systematic and diverse infection-control educational programs and the differentiated education depending on school year for dental hygiene students.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to collect the statistics of pediatric problems and to develop more effective oriental medical treatments for pediatric diseases, their clinical applicability, and chief complaints on pediatric inpatients in oriental hospitals. Methods The study was composed of seventy inpatients that were age from 0 to 20, had received hospital treatment at the pediatrics in Dongguk Bun-Dang Oriental Medicine Hospital for seven years from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2008. The chief complaints were mainly categorized by oral examination on their patients. Results 1. In this study, male children were thirty one and female children were 39. Thus, sex ration of male to female was 0.79:1. 2. In age distribution, one month to one year were three (4.3%), 1 to six years were forty two (60%), six to ten years were fifteen (21.4%), and ten to twenty years were ten (14.3%). 3. In November, the number of inpatients was the highest (15.7%) in a year. However, there were no significant seasonal differences. 4. In the systemic division, the respiratory diseases : 44(62.9%), the digestive diseases : 11(15.7%), the infectious diseases : 5(7.1%), the musculoskeletal diseases : 3(4.3%), the diseases of nervous system : 3(4.3%), the gynecologic diseases : 1(1.4%), the liver and biliary disorders : 1(1.4%), and etc. : 3(4.3%). 5. The chief complaint of the inpatients is pneumonia, a common cold, respiratory complex symptoms, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, diarrhea and etc. Conclusions The two main causes of inpatients were respiratory diseases and digestive disease. More data of inpatients are required for further study. Thus, the new diseases and treatment methods should be studied as a field of oriental medical treatment.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis, a disease whose prevalence has been steadily increased, is important for successful treatment. Current laboratory methods for diagnosing dermatophytosis rely on KOH mount and fungal culture method. However, these methods have low sensitivity and are time-consuming (2~4 weeks to diagnosis). In our previous study, a rapid molecular diagnostic assay (PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay, REBA) was developed to identify the following 6 main species of dermatophytes: Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum. However, the REBA required more evaluation to validate its use in clinical examinations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and validate the ability of the PCR-REBA to successfully identify dermatophytes in clinical isolates from dermatophytosis patients. Both conventional identification methods and the PCR-REBA were used to assess the presence of species of dermatophytes in 148 clinical isolates. The results of the two approaches were compared, and discrepancies between the two approaches were resolved by fungal ITS1 sequence analysis. T. rubrum was the most prevalent dermatophyte identified by conventional identification methods (118/148, 79.7%) and the PCR-REBA (131/148, 88.4%). The overall rate of consistency between conventional identification methods and the PCR-REBA was 79.0% (117/148 samples). Fungal ITS1 sequence analysis showed that PCR-REBA results were correct for 93.5% (29/31) of the discrepant samples. The PCR-REBA is rapid, sensitive, and highly specific compared with conventional identification methods. Thus, the PCR-REBA is a potentially useful tool for identifying dermatophytes in clinical settings.