• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.313-326
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• 2022

This study presents a noble scheme for distributed and parallel simulations with optimized agent placement for simulation instances. The traditional parallel simulation has some limitations in that it does not provide sufficient performance even though using multiple resources. The main reason for this discrepancy is that supporting parallelism inevitably requires additional costs in addition to the base simulation cost. We present a comprehensive study of parallel simulation architectures, execution flows, and characteristics. Then, we identify critical challenges for optimizing large simulations for parallel instances. Based on our cost-benefit analysis, we propose a novel approach to overcome the performance constraints of agent-based parallel simulations. We also propose a solution for eliminating the synchronizing cost among local instances. Our method ensures balanced performance through optimal deployment of agents to local instances and an adaptive agent placement scheme according to the simulation load. Additionally, our empirical evaluation reveals that the proposed model achieves better performance than conventional methods under several conditions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2050-2077
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• 2015

One of the major issues in emerging cloud management system needs the efficient service level agreement negotiation framework, with an optimal negotiation strategy. Most researchers focus mainly on the atomic service negotiation model, with the assistance of the Agent Controller in the broker part to reduce the total negotiation time, and communication overhead to some extent. This research focuses mainly on composite service negotiation, to further minimize both the total negotiation time and communication overhead through the pre-request optimization of broker strategy. The main objective of this research work is to introduce an Automated Dynamic Service Level Agreement Negotiation Framework (ADSLANF), which consists of an Intelligent Third-party Broker for composite service negotiation between the consumer and the service provider. A broker consists of an Intelligent Third-party Broker Agent, Agent Controller and Additional Agent Controller for managing and controlling its negotiation strategy. The Intelligent third-party broker agent manages the composite service by assigning its atomic services to multiple Agent Controllers. Using the Additional Agent Controllers, the Agent Controllers manage the concurrent negotiation with multiple service providers. In this process, the total negotiation time value is reduced partially. Further, the negotiation strategy is optimized in two stages, viz., Classified Similarity Matching (CSM) approach, and the Truncated Negotiation Group Gale Shapely Stable Matching (TNGGSSM) approach, to minimize the communication overhead.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-91
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• 2018

The animated pedagogical agent has been implemented to promote learning outcomes and motivation in multimedia learning. It has been claimed that one of the advantages of using pedagogical agent is persona effect - the personalization or social presence of pedagogical agent can enhance learning engagement and motivation. However, prior research is inconclusive as to whether and how the features of the pedagogical agent have effects on the persona effect. This study investigated whether the similarity between a pedagogical agent and the real instructor in terms of the voice and outlook would improve students' perception of the agent's persona. The study also examined the effect by the size of pedagogical agent on the persona perception. Two experiments were conducted with a total of 115 college students. Experiment 1 indicated a significant main effect of voice on the persona perception. Experiment 2 was conducted to examine whether the size of pedagogical agent would affect the voice effect on the persona perception. The results showed that the instructor-like voice yielded higher persona perception regardless of the pedagogical agent's size. Overall, the study findings indicated that the similarity in voice positively fostered the agent's persona.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.755-764
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• 2020

Due to pronounced mechanical performance and being environmental friendly, aqueous polymer isocyanate adhesive (API) has been widely applied in the production of formaldehyde-free wood products. In this study, flame retardant formaldehyde-free plywood was prepared by incorporation of flame retardants into the API adhesive. Partially phosphorylated poly (vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) which was prepared by reacting poly (vinyl alcohol) with phosphoric acid was used to replace PVA in API formula. In addition, Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) was chosen as additive flame retardant, replacing traditional filler CaCO₃ in API adhesive formula. And then, the flame retardant API adhesive with main agent (PPVA replacing PVA70wt.%, SBR emulsion 30wt.%), curing agent 10wt.% (accounts for of the main agent), and 20wt.% LDHs (accounts of the main agent) was used to prepare flame retardant plywood. The effect of application of PPVA and Mg-Al LDH on bonding strength of plywood was investigated. The flammability characteristics of the plywood were determined by cone calorimeter test (CCT). The results revealed that compared with the plywood prepared with API adhesive, the use of PPVA and LDH enhanced the flame retardancy of plywood without negatively affecting bonding strength. The CCT tests indicated that the heat release and smoke production flame retardant API plywood were lower than those of the ordinary API glued plywood. Promising developments for flame retardant API adhesive were expected in future applications of flame retardant formaldehyde-free plywood.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.53-56
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• 2008

This paper reports on the ACQA(Animated agent for Conversational Question Answering) project conducted at LIMSI. The aim is to design an expressive animated conversational agent(ACA) for conducting research along two main lines: 1/ perceptual experiments(eg perception of expressivity and 3D movements in both audio and visual channels): 2/ design of human-computer interfaces requiring head models at different resolutions and the integration of the talking head in virtual scenes. The target application of this expressive ACA is a real-time question and answer speech based system developed at LIMSI(RITEL). The architecture of the system is based on distributed modules exchanging messages through a network protocol. The main components of the system are: RITEL a question and answer system searching raw text, which is able to produce a text(the answer) and attitudinal information; this attitudinal information is then processed for delivering expressive tags; the text is converted into phoneme, viseme, and prosodic descriptions. Audio speech is generated by the LIMSI selection-concatenation text-to-speech engine. Visual speech is using MPEG4 keypoint-based animation, and is rendered in real-time by Virtual Choreographer (VirChor), a GPU-based 3D engine. Finally, visual and audio speech is played in a 3D audio and visual scene. The project also puts a lot of effort for realistic visual and audio 3D rendering. A new model of phoneme-dependant human radiation patterns is included in the speech synthesis system, so that the ACA can move in the virtual scene with realistic 3D visual and audio rendering.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2023

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely applied to various engineering fields. Especially, RL has shown successful performance for control problems, such as vehicles, robotics, and active structural control system. However, little research on application of RL to optimal structural design has conducted to date. In this study, the possibility of application of RL to structural design of reinforced concrete (RC) beam was investigated. The example of RC beam structural design problem introduced in previous study was used for comparative study. Deep q-network (DQN) is a famous RL algorithm presenting good performance in the discrete action space and thus it was used in this study. The action of DQN agent is required to represent design variables of RC beam. However, the number of design variables of RC beam is too many to represent by the action of conventional DQN. To solve this problem, multi-agent DQN was used in this study. For more effective reinforcement learning process, DDQN (Double Q-Learning) that is an advanced version of a conventional DQN was employed. The multi-agent of DDQN was trained for optimal structural design of RC beam to satisfy American Concrete Institute (318) without any hand-labeled dataset. Five agents of DDQN provides actions for beam with, beam depth, main rebar size, number of main rebar, and shear stirrup size, respectively. Five agents of DDQN were trained for 10,000 episodes and the performance of the multi-agent of DDQN was evaluated with 100 test design cases. This study shows that the multi-agent DDQN algorithm can provide successfully structural design results of RC beam.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2017

In this study, the expansion and compressive strength tests of emergency restoration material were carried out to restore cavity causing ground subsidence. The expansion and compressive strength characteristics according to component ratio of main material - hardener and mix proportion of blowing agent - accelerator were analyzed based on the test results. As a result of the relationship of curing time - expansion ratio analyses, it confirmed that expansion ratio decreased with reduced curing time regardless of mix proportion of blowing agent - accelerator in main material, if component ratio of hardener increased. This means that component ratio of the main material - hardener had greatly affected the expansion ratio. The compressive strength characteristics of emergency restoration material confirmed that strength was affected by mix proportion of blowing agent - accelerator. Therefore, it is necessary to apply reasonable component ratio and mix proportion to consider the required injection time, expansion ratio and strength of restoration material, when emergency restoration in ground cavity is required.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.647-656
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• 2013

The desire of humankind that longed for reappearance of visual makes progress within the development of linear history. The directing point at the moment was the 'eye'. Upon completion of setting the aiming point, visual image attempts reflection of main agent beyond reappearance of it and, by extension, aimed to visualize desire which was latent in the instance of main agent. It was able to experience a fantasy in paintings, photos and movies as a stage of desire, of course. Digital, however, suggested a new phasis in creating a fantasy world. This study aimed to research the fantastic nature in digital image that a fantastic image is created as a reflection of both independence and unconsciousness. As a result of research, this study revealed that digital image, as a channel that image and imaginative desire which were saved in id, is created as a perfect stage on the basis of verisimilitude, granting an experience toward realization of desire to a main agent raising id which was repressed by the ego and superego to the surface.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this review study is to identify clinical indications of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) external application and to suggest directions for future research and treatment by analyzing domestic cases applying HHT external treatment except for pharmacopuncture research. Methods : We searched 235 studies published in Korean since 2000 from four domestic databases: Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP), and Korean studies Information Service Systems(KISS) using keywords such as 'HTT and external use', 'HHT and external agent' 'HHT and wet dressing', or 'HHT and case'. We excluded duplicate papers, papers related to acupuncture including pharmacopuncture, or papers not related to the topic. Results : We selected and analyzed seven case reports. HHT external agent was used alone in one case, as main treatment in two cases, and as adjuvant treatment in four cases. HHT external application was applied to various skin diseases accompanied by inflammation mainly in the form of wet dressings. Conclusion : HHT external agent may be effective on various skin diseases accompanied by inflammation when applied alone or in combination with other agents according to the treatment stage. Based on this results, further studies will be needed to establish the primary clinical indication of HHT external agent.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.864-867
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• 2002

LG Electronics developed a perfect flat color display tube which was named "FLATRON" . This tube provides ergonomic performances with perfectly flat face and innovative manufacturing process. Foil transfer is a new technology for manufacturing screen layer for Flatron. Its main features include several properties of film, releasing agent, adhesive, aluminum layer, holes after bake-out and foil transfer process. It will be used innovative and cost oriented process for FLATRON for in CRT mass production..