• 제목/요약/키워드: magnetic relaxation

검색결과 275건 처리시간 0.02초

Determination of the Size Distribution of Magnetite Nanoparticles from Magnetic Measurements

  • Yoon, Sung-Hyun
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.368-373
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    • 2011
  • Particle size distributions in 10 nm magnetite ferrofluids are analyzed based on both dc and ac magnetic measurements. Modified log-normal distributions are used for fitting the experimental results, which allows for a proper account of the narrow distributions. The calculated average particle sizes are in good agreement with the TEM results. However the ac method gives a much narrower distribution width than that of the dc magnetization curve fit. The proposed measurements combined with the analysis methods are useful for the characterization of ferrofluids being considered for biomedical applications.

Characteristics of HTS SQUID-based Susceptometer

  • Timofeev, V.P;Kim, C.G;Shnyrkov, V.I
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.82-85
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    • 1998
  • A portable HTS RF SQUID-based system, weighing less than 20 kg has been built for susceptometry applications in weak magnetic fields, It includes a YBCO sensor for measuring the axial magnetic field component with a resolution of about $7{\times}10^{-13} T/Hz^{1/2}.$ This is determined by the intrinsic magnetic noise in the quasi-white noise region. There is a relaxation for a sudden increase in field due to magnetic flux creep in HTS. In this instance the time did not exceed 3~5 minutes.

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모형을 이용한 1.5T와 3.0T 자기공명에서의 뇌 대사물질들의 수소 T1과 T2 이완시간의 비교 (Comparison of Proton T1 and T2 Relaxation Times of Cerebral Metabolites between 1.5T and 3.0T MRI using a Phantom)

  • 김지훈;장기현;송인찬
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.20-26
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    • 2008
  • 목적 : 주요 뇌 대사물질들의 T1 및 T2 이완시간들을 1.5T 및 3.0T 자기공명영상에서 산출하고 비교하여, 실제 임상응용의 기초자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1.5T와 3.0T에서 N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr)을 함유한 모형을 이용하여 STEAM (STimulated Echo-Acquisition Mode)방법으로 반복시간 (Repetition time)을 5000 ms, 에코시간 (Echo time)을 20 ms로 고정한 후 혼합시간 (Mixing time)을 11단계로 변화시켜서 획득된 스펙트럼들에서 뇌 대사물질들의 T1 이완시간을 산출하였으며, PRESS (Point-REsolved SpectroScopy)방법으로 반복시간을 3000 ms에 고정시킨 후 에코시간을 5단계로 변화시켜서 획득된 스펙트럼들에서 뇌 대사물질들의 T2 이완시간을 산출한 후 그 결과들을 1.5T와 3.0T사이에서 비교하였다. 결과 : T1 이완시간에 대하여, NAA는 1.5T에서 $2293\;{\pm}\;48\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $2559\;{\pm}\;124\;ms$로 산출되어 1.5T와 비교하여 3.0T에서 11.6% 길어졌고, Cho은 1.5T에서 $2540\;{\pm}\;57\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $2644\;{\pm}\;76\;ms$로 3.0T에서 4.1% 길어졌으며, Cr 은 1.5T에서 $2543\;{\pm}\;75\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $2665\;{\pm}\;94\;ms$로 3.0T에서 4.8% 길어졌다. T2 이완시간에 대하여, NAA는 1.5T에서 $526\;{\pm}\;81\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $468\;{\pm}\;74\;ms$로 산출되어 3.0T에서 11.0% 짧아졌고, Cho은 1.5T에서 $220\;{\pm}\;44\;ms, 3.0T에서 $182\;{\pm}\;35\;ms$로 3.0T에서 17.3% 짧아졌으며, Cr 은 1.5T에서 $289\;{\pm}\;47\;ms$, 3.0T에서 275\;{\pm}\;57\;ms$로, 3.0T에서 4.8% 짧아졌다. 결론 : 1.5T와 비교하여 3.0T에서 모형에 함유된 주요 뇌 대사물질들의 T1이완시간들은 $4.1%\;{\sim}\;11.6%$ 증가하였고, T2이완시간들은 4.8% ~ 17.3% 감소하였으므로, 자기공명분광법의 적정화를 위하여 3.0T에서 반복시간을 연장시키고, 에코시간은 단축시켜야 한다.

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[ $T_2$ ]-relaxation Time Measurement of ex vivo $^1H$ MR Metabolite Peaks for Evaluation of Human Stomach Cancer

  • Mun Chi-Woong;Choi Ki-Sueng;Shin Oon-Jae;Yang Young-Ill;Chang Hee-Kyung;Hu Xiaoping;Eun Chung-Ki
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2006
  • In this study, transverse relaxation time (T2) measurement and the evaluation of the characteristics of the spectral peak related to stomach tissue metabolites were performed using ex vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 1.5-T MRI/S instruments. Thirty-two gastric tissues resected from 12 patients during gastric cancer surgery, of which 19 were normal tissue and 13 were cancerous tissue, were used to measure the $T_2$ of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) peaks. The volume of interest data results from the MRSI measurements were extracted from the proper muscle (MUS) layer and the composite mucosa/submucosa (MC/SMC) layer and were statistically analyzed. MR spectra were acquired using the chemical shift imaging (CSI) point resolved spectroscopy (CSI-PRESS) technique with the parameters of pulse repetition time (TR) and echo times (TE) TR/(TE1,TE2)=1500 msec/(35 msec, 144 msec), matrix $size=24{\times}24$, NA=1, and voxel $size=2.2{\times}2.2{\times}4mm^3$. In conclusion, the measured $T_2$ of the metabolite peaks, such as choline (3.21ppm) and lipid (1.33ppm), were significantly decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) in the cancerous stomach tissue.

Evolution of the Magnetosphere in Response to a Sudden Ring Current Injection

  • Choe, G.S.;Park, Geun-Seok;Lee, Jung-Gi
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.100.2-100.2
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    • 2011
  • The dynamical evolution of the Earth's magnetosphere loaded with a transiently enhanced ring current is studied by numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation. Two cases with different values of the primitive ring current are considered. In one case, the initial ring current is strong enough to create a magnetic island in the magnetosphere. The magnetic island readily reconnects with the earth-connected ambient field and is destroyed as the system approaches a steady equilibrium. In the other case, the initial ring current is not so strong, and the initial magnetic field configuration bears no magnetic island, but a wake of bent field lines, which is smoothed out through the relaxing evolution of the magnetosphere. The relaxation time of the magnetosphere is found to be about five to six minutes, over which the ring current is reduced to about a quarter of its initial value. Before reaching a steady state, the magnetosphere is found to undergo an overshooting expansion and a subsequent contraction. Fast and slow magnetosonic waves are identified to play an important role in the relaxation toward equilibrium.

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비자성 불순물을 갖는 $CuF_{2}.2H_{2}O$의 수소 핵자기완화 연구 ($^{1}H$ Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in Impure $CuF_{2}.2H_{2}O$)

  • C. H. Lee;C. E. Lee;S. J. Noh
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제5권5호
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    • pp.854-857
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    • 1995
  • 비자성 분순물을 갖는 $CuF_{2}.2H_{2}O$의 수소 핵자기공명을 77-295 K의 온도범위에서 수행하였다. 그 결과 수소의 스핀-격자 완화율을 지배하는 메카니즘이 구리 전자 스핀의 재주넘기(filp)와 전자-포논 상호작용(Raman process)의 변조에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전자 스핀 재주넘기에 대한 교환에너지 $1.8(\pm0.04)$ K를 구할 수 있었다.

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자기공명반응 시뮬레이션 해설 및 비교 (A Review on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging: Simulation Schemes)

  • 장재화;남명진
    • 지구물리와물리탐사
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2013
  • 자기공명검층은 수소와 자기장의 상호작용을 측정, 분석하는 물리검층 방법으로 이는 저류층 평가를 위한 중요한 물리검층 방법 중 하나이다. 측정된 감쇠 신호 즉, 이완은 측정지역 내 수소의 밀도에 대한 정보와 유체의 종류에 따른 감쇠속도에 대한 정보를 포함하고 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 공극률, 투과도와 습윤도 등을 예측할 수 있다. 1950년대 초반 랜덤워크로 자기공명의 이완감쇠를 시뮬레이션한 것을 시작으로 자기공명반응에 대한 연구가 급격히 발전되었다. 이 논문에서는 자기공명 시뮬레이션의 연구 동향을 먼저 살펴 보고, 자기공명반응인 이완을 발생시키는 이완메커니즘에 대해 간단히 알아본다. 이에 기초하여 자기공명검층에서 주로 측정하는 횡축이완곡선을 자기장구배를 고려하는 경우와 고려하지 않는 시뮬레이션 방법에 대해 비교분석하고 자기장구배가 이완메커니즘 및 횡축이완곡선에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한다.

A Theoretical Representation of Relaxation Processes in Complex Spin System Using Liouville Space Method

  • Kyunglae Park
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 1993
  • For the study of relaxation processes in complex spin system, a general master equation, which can be used to simulate a vast range of pulse experiments, has been formulated using the Liouville representation of quantum mechanics. The state of a nonequilibrium spin system in magnetic field is described by a density vector in Liouville space and the time evolution of the system is followed by the application of a linear master operator to the density vector in this Liouville space. In this master equation the nuclear spin relaxation due to intramolecular dipolar interaction or randomly fluctuating field interaction is explicitly implemented as a relaxation supermatrix for a strong coupled two-spin (1/2) system. The whole dynamic information inherent in the spin system is thus contained in the density vector and the master operator. The radiofrequency pulses are applied in the same space by corresponding unitary rotational supertransformations of the density vector. If the resulting FID is analytically Fourier transformed, it is possible to represent the final nonstationary spectrum using a frequency dependent spectral vector and intensity determining shape vector. The overall algorithm including relaxation interactions is then translated into an ANSIFORTRAN computer program, which can simulate a variety of two dimensional spectra. Furthermore a new strategy is tested by simulation of multiple quantum signals to differentiate the two relaxation interaction types.