• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 2023

Based on the perception that integrated retirement preparation in various areas is needed in preparation for increased old age, this study aims to identify the status and characteristics of retirement preparation of middle-aged people and reveal the relationship with successful aging. In addition, it aims to find out the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between retirement preparation and successful aging for the middle-aged. To confirm this, 1,037 men and women aged 50 to 64 who responded to the third, fourth, and fifth additional surveys of the Korean Retirement & Income Study (KReIS) conducted by the National Pension Research Institute were analyzed. When the preparation of middle-aged people for retirement affects successful aging, bootstrapping with IBM SPSS 26 Process Macro Model 4 was conducted to verify the mediating effect of social support. As a result of verifying the significance of independent variables on the parameters, preparation for retirement was positively (+) significant. In other words, it was verified that the higher the preparation for retirement, the higher the social support. Furthermore, it was discovered that social support, an independent variable, had a significant impact on successful aging, and social support, an independent variable, had a significant impact on successful aging. The results of this study suggest the need for social support for successful aging through the preparation of middle-aged people for retirement. It is intended to derive policy implications for preparing for retirement and provide them as basic data to increase the level of successful aging.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.77-88
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• 2018

Collaboration works on R&D project have many characteristics in interoranizational relationships. There are many variables on explaining the their relationships. In the previous study, I chose some relevant variables and some hypotheses. Base on service marketing theories and relationship marketing perspective I suggest 5 hypotheses. Independent variables are fairness and quality, and dependent variable is loyalty. And trust are treated as the intervening variable between the independent variables and dependent variable. To test the research model and some hypothesis empirically, I collected the data using the questionnaire. Sample size was 448, it was enough to analyze statistically. Data were analysed using the SPSS and AMOS. In the previous study, H1($fairness{\rightarrow}trust$), H2($quality{\rightarrow}trust$), H5($trust{\rightarrow}loyalty$) were accepted, but H3 and H4 were rejected. The reason H3($fairness{\rightarrow}loyalty$) and H4($quality{\rightarrow}loyalty$) were not accepted might be attributed to the fact that trust was the mediating variable between fairness and loyalty, quality and loyalty. Specific research methodologies and statistical findings from AMOS were referred in the previous study(Jeong 2018). In this study, I suggested some hypotheses on the mediating role trust between fairness and loyalty and service quality and loyalty. Using the PROCESS-macro, I found that trust was the mediating variable between fairness and loyalty as well as service quality and loyalty. This research is the complementary and extended study from previous research.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.580-591
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• 2017

In accordance with 2015 Paris agreement, each individual country around the world should voluntarily propose not only its (individual) reduction target, but also actively develop and present expansion targets of its scope and concrete reduction goals exceeding the previous ones. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare a macroscopic, long-range strategy for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, which can cover a single building, town, city and eventually even a province. The purpose of this research is to gather and compile government-acquired data from various sources and (in accordance with contents and specificity), combine building data by stages by using multi-variable matrix and then analyze the significance of combined data for each stage. The first order data presents the probability and the cost effectiveness of energy saving on the scale of a city or a province, based only upon general information, size and power consumption of buildings. The second order data can identify a pattern of energy consumption for a building of a specific purpose and which tends to consume a larger amount of energy during one particular season (than others). Finally, the third order data can derive influential factors (base load, humidity) from the energy consumption pattern of a building, and thus propose an informed and practical energy-saving method to be applied in real time.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of basic value satisfaction on service quality evaluation and customer loyalty and the moderating effect of Bargain-proneness in this process. Specifically, I analyzed the influence of basic value satisfaction, the mediating effect of service quality evaluation, and the moderated mediation effect of Bargain-proneness. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection for this study was conducted for adults over 18 years of age with shopping experiences in traditional market within a month around the traditional market in the metropolitan area. A total of 250 questionnaire response data was obtained. Hypotheses were tested using SPSS. The PROCESS macro method was used to verify the mediating effect of the service quality evaluation on the relationship between basic value satisfaction and customer loyalty. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the moderated mediation effect of the bargain-proneness tendency. Results - Empirical results showed that the basic value satisfaction affected service quality evaluation and customer loyalty. Specifically, it has been found that it directly affects customer loyalty and indirectly influences through service quality evaluation. The moderated mediation effect of the bargain-proneness tendency in the process of basic value satisfaction affecting customer loyalty through service quality evaluation has been verified. In other words, the higher the bargain-proneness tendency, the more influence the basic value satisfaction has on the favorable service quality evaluation. Conclusions - This study contributed to the distribution literature in that it attempted a new empirical study considering the variable 'bargain-proneness tendency', which had not received much academic attention in the past. Furthermore, this study contributed academically in that it presented important moderating variables that should be paid attention in the field of distribution studies. In this study, bargain-proneness was used with a focus on traditional markets, but this variable could play an significant role in future offline distribution studies that should pay attention to meet hedonic needs of shopping. These results suggested that traditional market practitioners should focus on the basic value and that the bargain-prone consumer segment should be considered as a target.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.279-301
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• 2008

This paper develops a 3D homogenization based continuum damage mechanics (HCDM) model for fiber reinforced composites undergoing micromechanical damage under monotonic and cyclic loading. Micromechanical damage in a representative volume element (RVE) of the material occurs by fiber-matrix interfacial debonding, which is incorporated in the model through a hysteretic bilinear cohesive zone model. The proposed model expresses a damage evolution surface in the strain space in the principal damage coordinate system or PDCS. PDCS enables the model to account for the effect of non-proportional load history. The loading/unloading criterion during cyclic loading is based on the scalar product of the strain increment and the normal to the damage surface in strain space. The material constitutive law involves a fourth order orthotropic tensor with stiffness characterized as a macroscopic internal variable. Three dimensional damage in composites is accounted for through functional forms of the fourth order damage tensor in terms of components of macroscopic strain and elastic stiffness tensors. The HCDM model parameters are calibrated from homogenization of micromechanical solutions of the RVE for a few representative strain histories. The proposed model is validated by comparing results of the HCDM model with pure micromechanical analysis results followed by homogenization. Finally, the potential of HCDM model as a design tool is demonstrated through macro-micro analysis of monotonic and cyclic damage progression in composite structures.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

NMR spectrometer has been regarded as essential tool for structure elucidation in variable scientific field as like organic synthesis, natural product and macro protein research. Also NMR can be applied for defining dynamic behavior like ligand and receptor binding. One of advantage of research with NMR is that to be great confident to confirm structure and the measured sample could be recovered. Nevertheless NMR also has a weak points than other spectroscopic methods that require a lot of time for interpreting acquired spectrum and running time due to low sensitivity. For last two decade Bruker has developed hardware and software solution for overcome those weak points. In order to overcome low sensitivity Bruker introduced Cryo and Micro diameter probe head technology. And researcher can reduce the time for routine spectrum processing and interpretation works due to lots of introductions in software solutions for quantification, identification and statistics analysis. With four examples, this article describing those new hardware and software solutions in field of recent pharmaceutical research as follows. - New Horizons for NMR in the Biopharmaceutical Industry - The development and application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR) in pharmaceutical analysis - Assisted NMR Data Interpretation in Synthetic Chemistry - Complete Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances Using NMR.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

The exchange rate is a very important macro variable that has influence on the whole economy and has, therefore, been the topic of many discussions amongst policymakers, academics and other economic agents. The issue of whether to have a fixed, pegged or floating exchange rate regime was highly debated during the 1970s. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors determine the exchange rate in Somalia. Quantitative research methodology has been employed to develop regression model using time series data for the period of 12 years. The regression model has been developed based on Quantity theory of money, purchasing power parity and uncovered interest rate parity theory. Somalia is on the countries where the highest exchange rate volatility exists; for example in 2012, the rate jumped 29% percent and two weak later dropped 21%, when Turkish humanitarian aid agencies injected the market a lot of U.S dollar. Based on my study using regression model for time series data of 12 years, the four factors are mainly attributable for the exchange rate volatility of Somalia; these factors include the balance of payment, inflation rate, money supply (mostly come from remittance and NGOs) and Bank profits.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

Background: A need arises to efficiently control health expenditure for medical aid due to a sharp increase in medical aid expenditure. This study experimently analyzes the impact of physician behavior on medical use for medical aid beneficiaries using supplier induced demand (SID) theory. Methods: This study looks into analyze SID effect using expenditure factor analysis of medical aid for the years between 2003 and 2010 in comparison with health insurance. Moreover, this study analyzes the existence and scale of SID using econometrics modeling with panel data on 16 cities and provinces's health expenditure data for medical aid from 2003 1/4 to 2010 4/4. Results: This study finds that the growth rate of visit days per capita and treatment amount per visit days for medical aid is higher than health insurance. Furthermore, the result of econometrics modeling analysis shows the existence of SID in general hospital, hospital, clinic, oriental clinic. Conclusion: In order to efficiently control expenditure for medical aid, it is required to reinforce macro polices such as the introduction of 'target management' and micro policies such as the strengthen of management on medical institutes in the perspective of suppliers as well as regulations of demanders.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.329-340
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• 2020

This study investigates the effect of capital structure on the financial performance of pharmaceutical enterprises which are listing on Vietnam's stock market. The study builds the regression using ROE as dependent variable and four independent variables, including self-financing, financial leverage, long-term asset and debt to assets ratios. In addition, we use other variables as controlling ones, such as firm size, fixed asset rate and growth. We collect data for the period from 2015 to 2019 of all 30 pharmaceutical enterprises which are currently listing on Vietnam's stock market. The least square regression (OLS) is used to test the effect of capital structure to the firms' financial performance. The analysis results show that the financial leverage ratio (LR), long-term asset ratio (LAR) and debt-to-assets ratio (DR) have positive relationship with firm performance, meanwhile the self-financing (E/C) affects negatively to the return on equity (ROE). Upon the findings we suggest that the Vietnamese government should focus on stabilizing macro environment to create favorable environment for enterprises. And the pharmaceutical enterprises should build more reasonable capital structure with higher debt proportion than equity, diversifying loan mobilization channels such as issuing long-term bonds. Additionally, the firms should expand the scale appropriately to maintain development and ability to pay debts.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.267-287
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• 2020

Purpose Online platform companies can increase the spread of content by communicating with users who have diverse preferences through social networks. Previous studies show the mixed effect on the network overlap, and there was a limited examinations for the underlying mechanism. This study expects high academic and practical implications that can be provided by studying on the user's viewership network. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of network overlap on the users' viewership for creators of user-generated content in YouTube. We explain the direct and in-direct effects through the content sharing and the valence of user ratings. Design/methodology/approach The data contains 45 channels and 4,085 video clips from YouTube. We control the effect of the categories, channel characteristics, and vide clip characteristics on the viewership. PROCESS macro were used to analyze the direct and in-direct effects of network overlap. Findings The analysis results showed that the network overlap directly affect on the users' viewership. The variable decreases the moderators (i.e., content sharing and the valence of user ratings). This result implies that the users can not satisfy their need for uniqueness which is achieved by content sharing and rating in the overlapped network.