• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 1997

본 연구는 현재 시공중인 사업부지를 선정하여 시험시공중에 있는 연약지반에서 페이퍼 드레인 공법에 의하여 처리한 지반에서 드레인의 타입간격별 침하거동을 파악하고, 실내시험과 현장계측치로부터 구한 압축지수와 압밀계수를 비교분석하여 배수성능의 우수성을 평가한 것으로 그결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 실측침하량($S_m$)과 설계침하량($S_t$)의 관계 및 실측압밀도($U_m$)와 설계압밀도($U_t$)와의 관계는 드레인 타입간격 1.0m에서는 $S_m=(1.0{\sim}1.1)S_t$, $U_m=(1.13{\sim}1.17)U_t$로 나타났고, 드레인 타입간격 1.5m에서는 $S_m=(0.7{\sim}0.8)S_t$, $U_m=0.92{\sim}0.99)U_t$의 범위로 나타났다. 2. 현장압축지수($Cc_{Field}$)와 처녀압축지수($V_{CC_{lab.}}$)와의 관계는 $Cc_{Field}=(1.0{\sim}1.2)V_{CC_{lab.}}$로 나타났으나, 처녀압축지수의 결정밥법과 최종예상 침하량의 적용방법에 따른 오차를 감안하면 거의 동일한 것으로 판단된다. 3. 계측치로부터 역산한 현장압밀계수는 실내시험에서 구한 압밀계수보다 크게 나타났고, 압밀계수비($C_h/C_v$)는 드레인 타입간격 1.0m에서는 $C_h=(2.4{\sim}3.0)C_v$, 드레인 타입간격 1.5m에서는 $C_h=(3.5{\sim}4.3)C_v$의 범위로 타입간격이 넓을수록 크게 나타났다. 4 드레인 타입간격에 따른 드레인 자재별 배수성능 평가기준을 압밀계수비의 결과를 기초로 판단하여 보면, 드레인 타입간격 1.0m에서는 Mebra 드레인, 드레인 타입간격 1.5m에서는 Amer드레인이 약간 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 동일한 타입간격에서는 재질간의 큰차이가 발생되지 않아 모두 동일한 배수성능을 갖는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.232-237
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• 2005

The cellulloytic enzymes, such as FPase and amylase, production by Trichoderma inhamatum KSJ1 using 10L air circulation bioreactor were tried. Physical properties of the employed bioreactor, mixing time, $k_{L}$ a were examined in airflow conditions of enzyme production cultures. Mixing time of distilled water at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 vvm were 25, 21, 9 sec, respectively, and mandel's medium using rice straw and pulp as carbon sources were 31, 25, 15 sec. Mixing time decreased when airflow rate increased. $k_L$ a of distilled water at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 vvm were measured -22.52, -29.31, -39.62, respectively, and the mandel's medium were -47.8, -18.5, -21.4. The $k_L$ a values was increased linearly as the air-flow rates increased. However the values in mandel's medium showed different results, especially at 0.6 vvm. Amylase and FPase activity at the 1.2 vvm was 3.39U/mL, 0.72U/mL in 5 days cultivation. and the activities at 0.6 vvm were 2.01U/mL, 0.39U/mL, respectively. The enzyme productivity at 1.2 vvm was higher than at 0.6 vvm, indicating that high oxygen tension is requested for the efficient enzyme production culture of T. inhamatum KSJ1.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2000

The present investigation tested the hypothesis that the activation of protein kinase G (PKG) leads to a phosphorylation of $Ca^{2+}-activated$ potassium channel $(K_{Ca}\;channel)$ and is involved in the activation of $K_{Ca}$ channel activity in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells of the rabbit. Single-channel currents were recorded in cell-attached and inside-out patch configurations of patch-clamp techniques. Both molsidomine derivative 3-morpholinosydnonimine-N-ethylcarbamide $(SIN-1,\;50\;{\mu}M)$ and 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate $(8-pCPT-cGMP,\;100\;{\mu}M),$ a membrane-permeable analogue of cGMP, increased the $K_{Ca}$ channel activity in the cell-attached patch configuration, and the effect was removed upon washout of the drugs. In inside-out patches, single-channel current amplitude was not changed by SIN-1 and 8-pCPT-cGMP. Application of ATP $(100\;{\mu}M),$ cGMP $(100\;{\mu}M),$ ATP+cGMP $(100\;{\mu}M\;each),$ PKG $(5\;U/{\mu}l),$ ATP $(100\;{\mu}M)+PKG\;(5\;U/{\mu}l),$ or cGMP $(100\;{\mu}M)+PKG\;(5\;U/{\mu}l)$ did not increase the channel activity. ATP $(100\;{\mu}M)+cGMP\;(100\;{\mu}M)+PKG\;(5\;U/{\mu}l)$ added directly to the intracellular phase of inside-out patches increased the channel activity with no changes in the conductance. The heat-inactivated PKG had no effect on the channel activity, and the effect of PKG was inhibited by 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, Rp-isomer $(Rp-pCPT-cGMP,\;100\;{\mu}M),$ a potent inhibitor of PKG or protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A, 1 U/ml). In the presence of okadaic acid (OA, 5 nM), PP2A had no effect on the channel activity. The $K_{Ca}$ channel activity spontaneously decayed to the control level upon washout of ATP, cGMP and PKG, and this was prevented by OA (5 nM) in the medium. These results suggest that the PKG-mediated phosphorylations of $K_{Ca}$ channels, or some associated proteins in the membrane patch increase the activity of the $K_{Ca}$ channel, and the activation may be associated with the vasodilating action.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1994

The effects of human or mouse leukemia inhibitory factor(hLIF or mLIF) were examined as a means of increasing the development of in vitro matured(IVM) and in vitro fertilized (IVF) oocytes into morulae or blastocysts. Cell numbers of blastocysts were also counted using Hochest dye staining. Two-to 8-cell embryos derived from bovine IVM/IVF oocytes were cultured 5 to 6 days in CRI aa with or without mLIF or hLIF. All culture media were contained 3mg/ml bovine serum albumin. In experiment 1, the proportion of embryos developed to morulae and blastocysts in CRI aa containing 5,000U/ml mLIF(37.8%) was slightly higher than those of CRIaa containing 1,000U/ml mLIF(34.6%) and 0 U/ml mLIF(27.4%; P>0.05). In experiment 2, 0, 1,000 and 5,000U/ml of hLIF added to CR1aa media yielded 27.6%, 43.0% and 35.5% morulae and blastocysts, respectively(p>0.05). These were no significant increases in cell number among treatments(p>0.05). These results were indicating that mLIF or hLF can increase the proportion of embryos that develop into morulae and blastocysts without and increase in the cell number.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2009

Three Loxodes ciliates collected from estuarine littoral, wetland and small pond in Korea, were identified as Loxodes kahli Dragesco and Njin$acute{e}$, 1971, L. magnus Stokes, 1887 and L. vorax Stokes, 1885. The descriptions for these species based on living and protargol impregnated specimens were given. Morphometry, illustrations and microphotographs were also provided. Diagnoses of three species are as follows. Loxodes kahli; size in vivo $160-300{\times}40-70\;{\mu}m$; oral area with reddish to brownish pigments; 6-11 macronuclei arranged linearly; 5-9 micronuclei located near macronuclei; 4-12 M$\ddot{u}$ller's vesicles; somatic kineties on right 18-20 and left 2 in number. L. magnus: size in vivo $250-470{\times}87-15\;{\mu}m$; body colored dark brown; 5-13 macronuclei; 8-13 micronuclei; 8-18 M$\ddot{u}$ller's vesicles; somatic kineties on right 23-26 and left 2 in number. L. vorax: size in vivo $70-160{\times}20-35\;{\mu}m$; oral area with brownish pigments; 2 macronuclei; 1 micronucleus located between macronuclei; 2-4 M$\ddot{u}$ller's vesicles; somatic kineties on right 18-20 and left 2 in number.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.462-466
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• 1998

The homobimetallic anion, $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2Mn(CO)_5-M^+\; (M^+=Na^+, PPN^+$) was disrupted by $PR_3\;(R=C_6H_5,\;C_2H_5,\;OCH_3)$ in THF at various temperatures (r.t. ∼65℃) under the pseudo first order reaction conditions where excess of $PR_3$ was employed under a nitrogen atmosphere. For the reaction involving $PPN^+$ analog, Mn-Mn heterolytic cleavage occurred, leading to $PPN^+Mn(CO)_5^-\; and \;({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2PR_3$ as products; however, in case of $Na^+\; analog,\; Na^+$ seems to play a novel counter ion effect on the disruption reaction by transferring one terminal CO from the $Mn(CO)_5$ moiety on to the $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2$ of the corresponding homobimetallic complex, eventually resulting in $Na^+Mn(CO)_4PR_3^-\;and\;({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_3$. This reaction is of overall first order with respect to [homobimetallic complex] with the activation parameters (ΔH≠=23.0±0.7 kcal/mol, ΔS≠= - 8.7±0.8 e.u. for $Na^+$ analog; ΔH≠=28.8±0.4 kcal/mol, ΔS≠=15.7±0.6 e.u. for $PPN^+$ analog reaction).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.415-422
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• 1995

Twenty-four flavones were synthesized with various hydroxyl and/or methoxyl groups on A and B rings. Their antimutagenic properties were evaluated against ben:w(a)pyrene (BaP) and a pool of mutagenic urine concentrate (U) using a modified liquid incubation method of Ames test. The tester strain was Salmonella typhimurium TA98+S9 Mix. The antimutagenic activities were calculated by non linear regression analysis and the doses of flavones (in nmoles) required for a 50% reduction of induced revertants with BaP and U were defined as the inhibition doses (TEX>$ID_{508}{\;}and{\;}ID_{508}$ respectively). Seventeen flavones possessed significant antimutagenic activity against BaP. $ID_{508}$ ranged from 15.1 nmoles (F22) to 1000.6 nmoles (F13). Eighteen f1avones showed significant antimutagenic activity against U. $ID_{50U}$ ranged from 23.5 nmoles (F22) to 354.6 nmoles (F3). The 2',3',4'-trihydroxyflavone (F22, $ID_{508}=15.1$ nmoles, $ID_{50U}=23.5$ nmoles) and the 2',3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone (F20, $ID_{508}=37.8$ nmoles; $ID_{50U}=62.3$ nmoles) had antimutagenic activities similar to those of chlorophyllin ($ID_{508}=19.6$ nmoles and $ID_{50U}=44.2$ nmoles) and were evaluated against B(alP 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. Against this last mutagen, the flavones which included three OH in B ring showed the highest activity and this property seemed independent of the substituent groups on A ring.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.479-482
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• 2002

Riblets with longitudinal grooves along the streamwise direction have been used as an effective flow control technique for drag reduction. A flexible micro-riblet with v-grooves of peak-to-peak spacing of $300{\mu}m$ was made using a MEMS fabrication process of PDMS replica. The flexible micro-riblet was attached on the whole surface of a NACA0012 airfoil with which grooves are aligned with the streamwise direction. The riblet surface reduces drag coefficient about $7.9{\%}\;at\;U_o=3.3m/s$, however, it increases drag about $8{\%}\;at\;U_o=7.0m/s$, compared with the smooth airfoil without riblets. The near wake has been investigated experimentally far the cases of drag reduction ($U_o\;=\;3.3 m/s$) and drag increase ($U_o\;=\;7 m/s$). Five hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured for each experimental condition using the cross-correlation PIV velocity field measurement technique. The instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to get spatial distribution of turbulent statistics such as turbulent kinetic energy. The experimental results were compared with those of a smooth airfoil under the same flow condition. The micro-riblet surface influences the near wake flow structure largely, especially in the region near the body surface

• 교육시설
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find problems and to provide architectural design standards of the Learning Space Unit(L.S.U.) in Elementary Schools through the Post-occupancy Evaluation(POE). In this study, we found six major problems of the type of the L.S.U. in elementary schools. More than 50% of users expressed dissatisfactions in these items : size, safety, cooling facility, noise, privacy and primary meaning for its original purpose. After the interrelation-analysis, we checked pros and cons about each forms of L.S.U. It is the result of analysis of the layout method in L.S.U. 1) "$8.4m{\times}8.4m$" classroom unit got the highest positive responses 2) "2-classroom type" and "4-classroom type" got higher score than "3-classroom type" 3) "Whole faced type" 1) made more active Multi-space than "Partial faced type" 4) prefered prepared "Open-classroom" to "Closed-classroom" 5) 'Zoning type between L.S.U.s' couldn't influence to user's responses. Designers can consult those informations when they plan a new, remodeling and additional elementary school.

• 생태와환경
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2022

침입외래식물의 확산은 서식지훼손 및 생물다양성 감소의 가장 중요한 원인 중 하나이며, 본 연구는 생태계교란식물 양미역취의 방제를 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 수행되었다. 양미역취의 생장이 마무리된 10월 길이성장은 대조구 (199±19.96 cm), 1M6 (152±13.41 cm), 2M6U7 (54±3.17 cm), 2M6M7 (45±9.96 cm) 순으로, 양미역취 식물체의 1회 제거보다 2회 제거에서, 2회 제거는 예초/뿌리째뽑기보다 예초 2회 제거처리가 길이성장을 더 효과적으로 억제하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 식물체 제거에 따른 단위면적 당(m²) 평균밀도는 1M6 실험구 73개체로 대조구 61개체보다 높은 밀도가 관찰되었으며, 6M7실험구 31개체, 2M6U7 실험구 16개체 순으로 나타났다. 식물체 제거에 따른 평균 개화율은 대조구 97±5.77 (%), 1M6 실험구 77±5.77 (%), 2M6M7 실험구 30±10.00 (%), 2M6U7 실험구 0±0.00 (%) 순으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 식물체 제거에 따른 개화율은 지상부 제거 1회보다 2회가 효과적이고, 2회에서 예초와 뿌리째뽑기를 동시에 실시한 방법이 억제효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 가장 효과적인 양미역취 분포 억제방법은 2M6U7이었다.