• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on headaches in children. Method: A quasi experimental pre-test and post (1,2,3)-test design was used. Data were collected from March 2 to April 16 2001. Forty children were assigned to an experimental (20) or control group (20). The experimental group received Hand-Acupuncture therapy on the meridian point; A30, A31, A32, A33, E8, I2, M2, M3, M5, B25, B26, B27 for each 3 minutes, while the control group rested on a bed. Data were analyzed using the SAS program with $x^2$-test, t-test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Result: In the experimental group, descriptive headache intensity (f=64.33, p=0.00), numeric headache intensity (F=74.69, 122.50, 7.52. p=0.00), and medication requirements ($x^2$=19.00, p=0.00) were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of headaches. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy can be considered an independent nursing intervention for reducing headaches in children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1998

To test their roles in rumination behavior, metabolites (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and glucose) were intravenously infused into the jugular vein of goats during fasting. The heads of four female goats tested were locked in a stanchion of cages in an experimental room. Ruminating behaviors with regard to number of ruminations, ruminating time, number of remastications and remasticating time were significantly decreased by acetic acid infusion (p < 0.05), and tended to be depressed more on values in butyric acid infusion or glucose infusion than those in pre-infusions, but propionic acid infusion decreased a little. Those data suggest that rumination receptors sensitive to VFAs and glucose are more likely to be situated in the area, where they would respond too blood levels.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.185-186
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• 2012

We have carried out a survey of T Tauri stars (TTSs) in a 1,800-square-degrees region toward the Taurus-Auriga star forming region with the AKARI Mid-Infrared All-Sky Survey. By combination of AKARI, 2MASS, and UCAC surveys, we created new criteria to chose TTS candidates. We also considered Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and galaxies, which have similar infrared colors, to separate TTSs from these sources. On the basis of our criteria, we find 27 new TTS candidates. To verify our criteria, we performed follow-up observations for them and confirmed that 23 are TTSs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2005

A prototype peeling device with rotating cutter blades was designed to peel altari radish skin. With the designed blades, the maximum peeling depth increased as the cutter clearance increased but the effect of the peeling speed was not significant. The optimal operating conditions for peeling was; the peeling speed was at 0.19m/s when peeled 2.5 blades/sec and the maximum peeling depth was 1.5mm, the minimum peeling depth was 0.5mm, and the leaf rotating speed was 12 rpm, respectively. In the peeling test fur the optimum operation conditions, with a auxiliary rolling device could adjust the rotational speed of the root uniformly, the altari radishes under 70mm diameter were peeled perfectly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2013

Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.597-606
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• 2008

본 연구는 TNFR family인 CD137 및 RANK, 파골세포의 CD137L와 T 세포의 RANKL 간의 역신호에 의한 이들 세포 의 역할을 알아보고자 하였다. 이에 RANKL 및 CD137L 자극으로 유도되는 역신호 전달에 의한 T 세포 활성과 파골세포분 화에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 웅성 생쥐의 골수세포와 T 세포를 공동배양하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 생쥐 단핵세포주 및 골수유도 단핵전구세포에서 CD137L이 발현되며, CD137L 단클론 항체로 자극을 주었을 경우 파 골세포 표지단백질인 TRAP 양성 파골세포의 형성이 억제되었다. 2. 활성화된 $CD4^+$ 및 $CD8^+$ T 세포에서 RANKL을 발현하였으며 RANKL의 유사 수용체인 OPG 재조합 단백질을 처리 하여 $CD4^+$ 및 $CD8^+$ T 세포의 세포증식이 억제되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 CD137 자극에 의한 T 세포활성 및 RANK 자극에 의한 파골세포분화 및 활성이 각각 수용체에 결합하 는 라이겐드의 역신호에 의해 억제되었는데, 이는 파골세포와 T 세포의 과도한 활성을 제어하는 생체의 항상성조절에 관여하 는 기전으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2001

Objective: The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of magnesium ion in the culture medium on the development of mouse fertilized oocytes either before or after pronuclear formation, and to investigate whether the effect of magnesium ion is related with the redistributional change of mitochondria. Methods : Fertilized oocytes obtained from the oviducts of mice at 15 hr after hCG injection before pronuclear formation (pre-PN) or 21 hr after hCG injection after pronuclear formation (post-PN) were used. The embryos were cultured for 3 days with basic T6 medium-magnesium free and various concentrations of magnesium ion, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 8.0 mM, respectively. After culture, the developmental stages of embryos and the number of nuclei were evaluated. To observe the effects of magnesium ion on the mitochondrial distribution, fertilized oocytes were collected at 21 hr after hCG injection and cultured for 6 hr with various concentration of magnesium ion. As a control, fertilized oocytes with pronuclei at 27 hr after hCG injection were used. Results: The concentration of magnesium ion to accelerate the in vitro development of mouse fertilized oocytes appeared to be at 2.0 mM for the pre-PN and the post-PN stage embryos. In the mitochondrial redistribution patterns, the embryos cultured in 2.0 mM concentration of magnesium ion showed the highest percentage (22.6%) of distinct perinuclear clustering pattern comparing to other experimental group. Conclusion: The effect of magnesium ion may be related to the cytoplasmic redistribution of mitochondria. This relationship seems to connect the developmental competence of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. These results can suggest that higher concentration of magnesium ion (2.0 mM) than those of conventional culture medium ($0.2{\sim}1.2\;mM$) is more suitable for in vitro culture of preimplantation mouse embryos.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2024

Background: Recently, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have been isolated, and active research was focusing on understanding their properties and functions. In this study, the characteristics and molecular properties of ginseng root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GrDENs) were examined in terms of skin protection. Methods: HPLC-MS protocols were used to analyze the ginsenoside contents in GrDENs. To investigate the beneficial effect of GrDENs on skin, HaCaT cells were pre-treated with GrDENs (0-2 × 10⁹ particles/mL), and followed by UVB irradiation or H₂O₂ exposure. In addition, the antioxidant activity of GrDENs was measured using a fluorescence microscope or flow cytometry. Finally, molecular mechanisms were examined with immunoblotting analysis. Results: GrDENs contained detectable levels of ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rf, Rg2 (S), Gyp17, Rd, C-Mc1, C-O, and F2). In UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, GrDENs protected cells from death and reduced ROS production. GrDENs downregulated the mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes, including BAX, caspase-1, -3, -6, -7, and -8 and the ratio of cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GrDENs reduced the mRNA levels of aging-related genes (MMP2 and 3), proinflammatory genes (COX-2 and IL-6), and cellular senescence biomarker p21, possibly by suppressing activator protein-1 signaling. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the protective effects of GrDENs against skin damage caused by UV and oxidative stress, providing new insights into beneficial uses of ginseng. In particular, our results suggest GrDENs as a potential active ingredient in cosmeceuticals to promote skin health.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2006

밀양 23호/기호벼 유래 164 RILs($F_{17}$)을 이용하여, 종자의 휴면과 관련이 있는 수발아 저항성, 건열 저항성 및 종자수명을 검정하고, 이들 상호간 상관관계를 조사하였다. 출수 40일째에 밀양23호와 기호벼의 수발아율은 0%, 7%이었고, M/G RILs은 0$\sim$50.9%의 범위를 보였으며, 평균 3.2%였다. $90^{\circ}C$, 24시간 건열처리후 밀양23호와 기호벼는 99.2%, 37.6%의 발아율을 보였고, $T_{50}$은 2.7일, 12.9일로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, M/G RILs의 평균 발아율은 72.4%였다. 상온저장 한 종자수명은 밀양23호는 수확후 3.5년까지도 80% 이상의 종자 발아율을 유지하였으나, 기호벼는 18개월 후부터 급격히 발아력이 감소하여(30%이하), 42개월 후 발아력을 완전히 상실하였다. M/G RILs의 종자활력은 수확후 42개월까지 71계통이 90%이상의 발아율을 보였다. 수발아 저항성, 건열 저항성 및 종자수명은 밀양 23호와 기호벼 간에 뚜렷한 품종간 차이를 보였으며, M/G RILs은 양친의 중간값에 가까운 평균값을 보였다. 건열저항성과 종자수명 간에는 고도로 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 수발아와 종자수명, 수발아와 건열저항성 간에는 부의 상관관계가 성립하였다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.708-718
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• 1996

The microstructure and electrical properties of the nonlinear ZnO varistor with A1$_{2}$ $O_{3}$ additions is investigated. The variation of nonlinear behavior with A1$_{2}$ $O_{3}$ additions is indicated from J-E and C-V measurement to be a result of the change of the interface defects density $N_{t}$ at the grain boundaries and the donor concentration $N_{d}$ in the ZnO grains. The optimum composition which has the nonlinear coefficients of -57 was observed in the sample with 0.005wt% A1$_{2}$ $O_{3}$ additions. The conduction mechanism at the pre-breakdown region is consistent with a Schottky thermal emission process obeying a relation given by $J^{\var}$exp[-(.psi.-.betha. $E^{1}$2/)kT] and the conduction process at the breakdown region follows a Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism of the form $J^{\var}$exp(-.gamma./E).