• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 1998

The ligand binding signals to a wide variety of seven transmembrane cell surface receptors are transduced into intracellular signals through heterotrimeric G-proteins. Recently, there have been reports which show diverse coupling patterns of ligand-activated receptors to the members of Gq family $\alpha$ subunits. In order to shed some light on these complex signal processing networks, interactions between G$\alpha$q family of G protein and neurokinin-2 receptor as well as muscarinic M$_{1}$ receptor, which are considered to be new thearpeutic targets in asthma, were studied. Using washed membranes from Cos-7 cells co-transfected with different G.alpha.q and receptor cDNAs, the receptors were stimulated with various concentrations of carbachol and neurokinin A and the agonist-dependent release of [$^3H$]inositol phosphates through phospholipase C beta-1 activation was measured. Differential coupling of Gaq family of G-protein to muscarinic M$_{1}$ receptor and neurokinin-2 receptor was observed. The neurokinin-2 receptor shows a ligand-mediated response in membranes co-transfected with G$\alpha$q, G$\alpha$11 and G$\alpha$14 but not G$\alpha$16 and the ability of the muscarinic $M_1$ receptor to activate phospholipase C through G$\alpha$/11 but not G$\alpha$14 and G$\alpha$16 was demonstrated. Clearly G$\alpha$/11 can couple $\M_1$ and neurokinin-2 receptor to activate phospholipase C. But, there are differences in the relative coupling of the G$\alpha$14 and G$\alpha$16 subunits to these receptors.

• 아동학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.112-124
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between juvenile deliquency and parent-adolescent communication, the family cohesion and adaptability as variables of psychological environment of the family. The subjects were 143 juvenile deliquents in jail, aged 16 to 19, and 347 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th grade students who resided in low income areas in Seoul and Taegu. The research data were collected by structured questionnaire. 143 juvenile delinquents and 87 students whose degree of deliquency was more than M+(0.5*S.D) were selected as the final data source. The statistical methods were frequency percentile, pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA. Scheffe'test and multiple regression analysis. The major findings showed that (1) juvenile deliquency was significantly related to father-closed communication type. (2) juvenile deliquency was significantly related to low family cohesion and adaptability, (3) the family cohesion and adaptability was positively correlated with parent-adolescent communication. Father-adolescent communication had more important effect upon the family cohesion and adaptability than mother-adolescent communication.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.175-176
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• 2004

Housing culture has rapidly changed since apartments were first introduced in the 1970's. Among our living spaces, particularly, the kitchen reflects our lifestyle and its changes are more remarkable. Activities in kitchen areas include a diverse range of behaviors such as greeting guests, conversation, and family gathering besides cooking and dining. kitchen areas would not be the dedicated housewives' area, but rather a space for all family members. Kitchen areas become a 'living center' where all family members get together and have various family activity. This housing project was designed for the double income family who is consisted of 4 persons. The total area of Apt was 237.6M2. A residence is always comfortable, resting, and consistent for the family. Intimacy image, functional equipments and space, healthy materials were used for this project.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1525-1535
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• 2014

The xynC gene, which encodes high molecular weight xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. DG-22, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The xynC gene comprised a 4,419bp open reading frame encoding 1,472 amino acid residues, including a 27 amino acid signal sequence. Sequence analysis indicated that XynC is a multidomain enzyme composed of two family 4_9 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a catalytic domain of family 10 glycosyl hydrolases, a family 9 CBM, and three S-layer homologous domains. Recombinant XynC was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, followed by Avicel affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme identified three active truncated xylanase species. Protein sequencing of these truncated proteins showed that all had identical N-terminal sequences. In the protein characterization, recombinant XynC exhibited optimal activity at pH 6.5 and $65^{\circ}C$ and remained stable at neutral to alkaline pH (pH 6.0-10.0). The xylanase activity of recombinant XynC was strongly inhibited by 1 mM $Cu^{2+}$ and $Hg^{2+}$, whereas it was noticeably enhanced by 10 mM dithiothreitol. The enzyme exhibited strong activity towards xylans, including beechwood xylan and arabinoxylan, whereas it showed no cellulase activity. The hydrolyzed product patterns of birchwood xylan and xylooligosaccharides by thin-layer chromatography confirmed XynC as an endoxylanase.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.109-131
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• 1994

This study developed and proposed a lesson plan for the area of “Human development and family relationship”in secondary home economics curriculum. In current educational practice in secondary home economics curriculum, the employed goal and the nature of home economics are neither stated specifically nor closely interrelated. This problem has led us not being able to achieve pursuing goal of home economics education and to employ appropriate teaching methods. In view of this situation, the purpose of this study was to propose a lesson plan reflecting the contents and teaching methods to overcome difficulties and inefficiency in the current practice of secondary home economics education. The theoretical background of the lesson plan was based on the Marjorie M. Brown’s philosophy of home economics which can be summerized as follows: 1. The goal of home economics is to help individuals and families to become autonomous in their own family life and to be more capable of interacting with others in behalf of well-being of the family and of social evolution toward a free society. 2. The characteristics of home economics is conceptualized as practical science and personal service profession. 3. the nature of problems which home economics should deal with is perennial and practial. 4. Practial reasoning composed of historical understanding, critical action, and reflective thinking is appropriate for the previously mentioned goal and characteristics of home economics and for dealing with perennial practial problems. The lesson plan was proposed for one of perennial problem, “How should we understand, create, and maintain our family culture\ulcorner”by employing practial reasoning and teaching models such as “role play”and “classroom meeting.”

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.175-199
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• 2005

실증분석 결과, 본 연구에서 제시한 7개의 가설 가운데 4개가 유의한 것으로 검증되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들이 지각하는 직무만족영향요인 중 조직적 특성은 직무 만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들이 지각하는 직무만족영향요인 중 개인적 특성은 서비스품질에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들이 지각하는 직무만족영향요인 중 직무적 특성은 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들이 지각하는 직무만족영향요인 중 조직적 특성은 서비스품질에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들이 지각하는 직무만족영향요인 중 개인적 특성은 서비스품질에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들이 지각하는 직무만족영향요인 중 직무적 특성은 서비스품질에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들의 직무만족은 서비스품질에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 이는 패밀리레스토랑 종사원들이 현재 자신들이 근무하는 패밀리레스토랑의 회사분위기나 직원들간의 관계에는 만족하는 것으로 보여지나, 자신이 하고 있는 일에 대한 직무적 특성에서는 가설이 전부 유의하게 나타나지 않은 것으로 보아 자신이 하고있는 일에 대해서는 만족하지 못하는 것을 의미하며, 나아가 더 나은 직무환경이나 직무의 변화가 일어나지 않는다면 다른 직종으로의 이직이 많이 나타날 것으로 사료된다.$0.57{\times}10^{-6}m^2/s$의 값을 보였다. 깊이 평균된 확산계수는 봄철에 크고 여름철에 작았고, 계절 평균된 확산계수는 2cm부터 10cm깊이까지 증가하고 10cin부터 40cm깊이까지는 감소하는 수직구조를 보였다. 평균 열확산계수를 사용하여 구한 온도전파 확산속도는 2 cm 깊이로부터 10 cm, 20cm, 40cm까지 각각 $8.75{\times}10^{-4}cm/s,\;3.8{\times}10{-4}cm/s,\;1.7{\times}10^{-4}cm/s$정도의 값이 되어 표층에서 깊어질수록 작아졌다. 이것은 이종들의 저염 및 광염성 특성과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 광도별 성장은 H. akashiwo, P. minimum, Pyramimonas sp.는 $150\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 고광도에서 비교적 높은 성장률을 보였다. A. sanguinea, A. tamarense, H. triquetra는 $150{\sim}100\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$에서 가장 높은 성장률을 보였고 $100\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 이상의 고광도에서 는 오히려 성장률이 급격히 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 수온과 일조량이 높은 시기인 하계에 적조를 일으키는 고온성 종은 고광도에서 성장이 좋은 것으로 나타났고, 수온과 일조량이 낮은 동, 춘계에 적조를 일으키는 저온성 종은 저 광도에서 성장이 양호한 것으로 나타났다.을 가진

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2006

This study analyzes marriage and fertility rates in Korea and makes recommendations for family policy. Based on the 'The Report of Marriage & Divorce Statistics in 2005' and data from the Korea Statistical Information System (KOSIS) of the National Statistics Organization, the trends, reasons for marriage rates changes, and future expectations were critically reviewed. In addition, the relationship between marriage and fertility rates was analyzed. The principle characteristics of marriage rates are as follows: 1) the M-shape of the longitudinal crude marriage rates; 2) the increased age of individuals entering their the first marriage; 3) the increase in remarriage rates; 4) the changes in the patterns of remarriage; 5) the increased in the age at which individuals remarry and; 6) the increase in marriage to non-Koreans. The marriage and fertility rates changes are a permanent normative shift because of 1) later marriage because of women's increased education and labor force participation 2) rational choices about birth control 3) reduced population because of the aging of baby boomers 4) structural changes in the marriage market and 5) egalitarian changes in women's attitudes toward marriage and family. The recommendations for future family policy were as follows: 1) the need for a realistic, long-term family policy because the current marriage patterns will continue; 2) the need to develop new statistics such as fertility rates that are based on marriage cohort or birth cohort because family behavior is a mixture of personal, social and political responses; 3) the need for impact analysis of current family policy about increasing fertility rates; 4) the need for a new family perspective that encompasses diverse marriage and family patterns; 5) the need to focus on men's role in families because of women's changing roles and family interaction patterns and; 6) the need for preventive family policies such as family life education.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to explore ecological variables that affect family functions and to analyze relative magnitudes of significant predictors. The study employed ecological model. Data were collected from 143 mothers of mildly handicapped children enrolled in integrated kindergartens in Seoul, Korea. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The level of family functions with mildly handicapped children were found to be moderate(M=3.21, SD=.49). 2. The hierarchical regression analysis yielded Model V as the most powerful model, explaining 79%$(Adjusted\;R^2=.787)$ of the variance. 3. The most powerful predictors throughout Model I to V were found to be maternal efficacy $({\beta}=.578,\;p<.001)$, maternal satisfaction with parent-education and counseling programs $({\beta}=.249,\;p<.001)$, husband's helps $({\beta}=.207,\;p<.01)$, and the availability of assistance other than family members $({\beta}=.232,\;p<.05)$ in the order.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2001

The evolution of multi-family housing in Cheongju can be divided by four stages which are a introduction period from 1972 to 1980, a popularization period from 1981 to 1989, a expansion period from 1990 to 1997, and a stagnation period after 1998. In the introduction period, the multi-family housings were mainly low-rise buildings because a government policy which focused on extension of the apartments for the low-income influenced multi-family housing constructions. During the popularization period, the multi-family housings were still low-rise but houses in various sizes were introduced. That was because the Housing Site Developments were started and private companies' participations followed them increasingly. As a result of vigorous participations of private companies and massive developments of housing sites, the multi-family housings in the expansion period started to show constructions of complex and trends of high density and high rising. Finally, in the stagnation period, a rate of the supply of the small houses, whose size was below $60m^2$ of exclusive, area was increased and extreme high-rise apartments emerged. High rising and density were the mainstream of the construction concepts. During this period, the growth of multi-family housing marked low. The reason was that a downturn in economy led private companies to shrink their constructions.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.377-390
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• 2022

This study identified and compared family values within and across different generations concerning gender roles, attitudes toward diverse families, children, and parental roles. Data were obtained from the 2020 Seoul Family Report Survey. There were 1,949 study subjects, including first- and second-generation baby boomers and individuals in generations X, Y, and Z in Korea. Latent profile analyses were conducted using M-plus. Perceptions and views concerning family values were classified into different types. The main findings were as follows. Two types were identified among first baby boomers, and three were identified among second baby boomers. Most of the first and second baby boomers belonged to the "moderate" type. Two types were detected among those in Generation X. Regarding gender roles, most views of Generation X were slightly progressive, while their other family values were more moderate. Three types were identified among those in Generation Y: "progressive," "moderate," and "very liberal." Generation Z was identified as a "progressive" group. This study provides basic data to explore the direction of the coexistence of generations by identifying and comparing diverse family values within and across generations.