• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1114-1119
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• 2008

ECCG는 녹차 카테킨의 주요 성분으로 항산화작용으로 인한 항암작용이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 EGCG가 전이성이 강한 인체 유방암 세포인 MDA-MB-231의 세포사멸에도 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 인체 유방암 세포 배양액에 EGCG를 0, 5, 10, $20\;{\mu}M$로 첨가시켜, 세포사멸과 관련된 단백질들의 단백질과 mRNA 발현, caspase-3 활성을 관찰하였다. EGCG 첨가 농도가 $5\;{\mu}M$ 이상부터 세포사멸을 억제하는 단백질인 bcl-2의 단백질과 mRNA 발현이 감소하였으며, 세포사멸을 유도하는 단백질인 bax의 단백질과 mRNA 발현은 유의적으로 증가하여 결과적으로 EGCG 첨가에 따라 bcl-2/bax의 비율이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 세포사멸의 마지막 단계인 caspase-3의 활성은 EGCG 농도가 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해 보면 전이성이 강한 인체 유방암 세포 MDA-MB-231에서 EGCG는 암세포에서 bcl-2의 발현은 억제시키고 bax의 발현은 증가시키며, caspase-3의 활성을 증가시켜 세포사멸을 유도하는 것으로 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5087-5094
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• 2016

mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a conserved serine/threonine kinase which belongs to the phosphatidyl-linositol kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family. It has two complexes called mTORC1 and mTORC2. It is well established that mTOR plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Over-activation of the mTOR pathway is considered to have a relationship with the development of many types of diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer (OC). mTOR pathway inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its derivatives, can directly or indirectly treat or relieve the symptoms of patients suffering from PCOS or OC. Moreover, mTOR inhibitors in combination with other chemical-molecular agents may have extraordinary efficacy. This paper will discuss links between mTOR signaling and PCOS and OC, and explore the mechanisms of mTOR inhibitors in treating these two diseases, with conclusions regarding the most effective therapeutic approaches.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

Background: Body weight is an important factor that influence the bone density in postmenopausal women except estrogen dificiency. However, different results are reported about the relationship between body composition and bone density in the postmenopausal women. We have studied the relationship between age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), muscle mass, fat mass, fat free mass and bone density. Materials and Methods: We have studied 127 persons of postmenopausal women who visited university medical center and examined the inbody 3.0 and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) from Jan, 2001 to Jun, 2002. they didn't have any disease and didn't received hormone therapy, osteoporosis therapy or other medication that influence the bone density. Results: The numbers of study subjects is total 127 persons. Mean age is $56.9{\pm}5.14$, mean weight is $59.3{\pm}8.7kg$, mean BMI is $25.37{\pm}3.16(kg/m^2)$, mean fat mass is $20.02{\pm}5.05kg$, mean muscle mass is $37.49{\pm}4.50kg$, mean fat free mass is $39.80{\pm}4.70$, mean BMD is $0.828{\pm}0.148(g/cm^2$). In the result of linear regression analysis, age, height, weight, muscle mass, fat free mass, fat mass, BMI are significant determinants of BMD. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, age is the most significant determinant of BMD and besides age, fat free mass is the most significant determinant of BMD among body composition. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, age, height, weight, BMI, muscle mass, fat free mass, fat mass are significant determinants of BMD and besides age, fat free mass is the most significant determinant of BMD among the body composition. So, diet and exercise that increase fat free mass will contribute to bone density increment.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.67-91
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 30-40대 싱글여성의 의식주생활, 소비 및 여가 생활과 같은 일상생활에서의 의미를 분석하였다. 그 결과 자신, 관계, 생존, 미래 준비, 자유와 그 이면과 같이 5개의 대주제를 찾을 수 있었다. '자신'이라는 대주제에서는 오직 '나'를 위해, '나'를 완성시키고 싶은, '나'만의 스타일이라는 3개의 중주제를 찾았다. '관계'라는 대주제에서는 가족과 더불어서, 다른 사람들과 더불어서 라는 2개의 중주제를 찾았고, 가족과 더불어서 라는 중주제에서는 '가족'을 위해, 아직은 '가족'의 그늘에서 라는 2개의 소주제를 찾았다. 다른 사람들과 더불어서 라는 중주제에서는 함께 하는 즐거움, 싱글들끼리의 편안함, 세상과의 소통 이라는 3개의 소주제를 찾았다. '생존'이라는 대주제에서는 건강, 안전, 혼자 살아내는 연습 이라는 3개의 중주제를 찾았고, '미래 준비'라는 대주제에서는 착한 소비, 노후대비 저축, 노후대비 여가 라는 3개의 중주제를, '자유와 그 이면'이라는 대주제에서는 홀로라서 자유, 자유의 그 이면들 이라는 2개의 중주제를 찾았고, 홀로라서 자유라는 중주제에서는 가족으로부터 벗어난 자유로움, 홀로이기에 나에 대한 보상 이라는 2개의 소주제를, 자유의 그 이면들이라는 중주제에서는 혼자라서 '불안' '싫음' '두려움', 외로움과 쓸쓸함 극복하기 라는 2개의 소주제를 찾았다. 이와 같이 주제를 찾는 과정을 통하여 싱글 여성들의 일상생활에서의 의미를 알아낼 수 있었고, 이러한 의미를 종합해 봄으로써 인구교육에서의 시사점을 도출해 내었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.450-464
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• 2004

연구배경 : FHIT 유전자의 homozygous deletion과 이와 관련된 mRNA 발현 이상, 단백질의 발현 결손은 폐암에서 매우 높은 빈도로 관찰되고 있다. 일부 연구에 의하면 FHIT 유전자를 폐암 세포 내에 이입시켰을 때 apoptosis가 유발되었고, 세포 주기의 이상 소견이 관찰되었으며, 종양형성 능력이 억제됨이 관찰되었다. 하지만 아직까지 FHIT 단백질의 기능에 대한 지식은 미진한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 FHIT 유전자를 폐암 세포에 이입시켰을 때 유발되는 apoptosis의 기전을 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법 : FHIT 유전자가 결손된 NCI-H358 세포주에 FHIT 유전자를 stable transfection 시킨 후, cisplatin 혹은 paclitaxel을 가하고 apoptosis가 항진되어 나타나는가를 DAPI staining과 flow cytometry로 관찰해 보았다. 또한 이 과정에서 나타나는 caspase system의 변화와 Bcl-2 family의 변화를 Western blotting으로 조사해 보았다. 결 과 : FHIT를 발현시킨 세포에서는 cisplatin 혹은 paclitaxel을 투여하였을 때 유의하게 생존율이 감소하였으며, 이는 apoptosis 증가에 의한 것으로 확인 되었다. 이 과정에서 FHIT가 발현된 세포는 caspase-3, caspase-7의 활성화가 유의하게 증가되었으며, Bcl-2와 Bcl-xL 발현은 유의하게 감소하고 Bax와 Bad 발현은 유의하게 증가하였다. 결 론 : FHIT가 발현된 폐암 세포에 항암제를 투여하였을 때 유의하게 증가한 apoptosis는 caspase system과 Bcl-2 family의 활성화와 관련되어 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1980

The main purposes of the nutrition and clinical surveys were to provide baseline information on the nutritional status of pre-school children in rural health demonstration project areas of the Korea Health Development Institute (KHDI) for nutrition guidance services for the MCH target group. The survey covered a total of 222 pre-school children and 135 mothers in Okgu Gun, Cholla Pukto Province from August 10 to August 17, 1979. The survey results are summarized as follows: 1) Family Environment Seventy percent of the households had more than three children, and the mean family sire was 6. Sixty-nine percent of the mothers and 47% of the fathers of the surveyed households were educated at or below the primary school level. The majority, 70% of the mothers, were aged between 20 years and 35 years. 2) Anthropometric Measurements and Hemoglobin Value 4.5% of the children were lower than 80% weight for age of the Korean standard, and 5.4% were lower than 85% arm circumference for age of the Jelliffe's standard resectively, and those were suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. Angular stomatitis were observed on 66.2% of the subjects. Mean hemoglobin value was 11.1g/100m1, and 44.2% of the subjects were categorized as anaemia. 3) Food and Nutrient Intake of animal foods was very low, ranging from 2.9 to 17%. Consumption of eggs was less than 2% of total food intake, and intake of legumes was also very scanty, between 0.8 to 3.7%. These data present evidence of very poor protein intake, quality as well as quantity. Energy intake of children was 60.0 to 64.4% of the recommended allowance, and mean protein intake only met 47.4% of the recommendation. Low intake of vitamins except thiamin were also found. 4) Mother's Nutrition Knowledge Eighty-five percent of the mothers were entirely ignorant regarding the 'five basic food group' which is most important fact on food and nutrition guidance. Mean knowledge score from 14 basic questions about food and nutrition was as low as 5.1. There was a significant positive correlation between mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score. 5) Family Planning Variable There were significant correlation among maternal, family planning variables, and some of the nutritional and physical measurements. The study revealed that the mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score are more crucial factors than the family planning variables on effecting food intakes on children. Recommendation : According to the results of the surveys, there were high incident rates of nutritional anaemia and angular stomatitis among pre-school children, and most of rural women had very limited knowledge about food and nutrition. As a main part of the health education activities, the community health workers should provide nutrition education to the village mothers to improve the nutrional status of young children in rural areas. Nutrional promotion at the primary health care level should be mainly based on appropriate nutrition education.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most-common malignancy of women worldwide. Though there are differences among developed and developing countries, BC remains the most common cancer type of women in Turkey. Objective: This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge, awareness, and their potential predictors towards BC in Ankara, Turkey. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on 376 females attending a breast health outpatient clinic. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to evaluate knowledge level about BC and predictors effecting its level. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the participants was $46.2{\pm}9.93$ (22-75). The majority (92.6 %) were married; 41.5% were educated less than nine years. Most of the women were housewives (82.7%) and, were living in an urban region (86.4%). Predictors of effecting responses to seven knowledge and awareness questions about BC varied from demographic features including older age groups, higher educational levels, being married, living in an urban area, being employee, smoking, having greater BMI to additional attributes associated breast health such as the increased number of births, applying for the purpose of control, positive family history of breast diseases, any diagnoses of breast diseases and performing BSE practice. Conclusions: It was determined that females in Turkey have better knowledge of BC than other developing countries even though it is not at the desired level. These findings revealed that females should be more informed about BC risk factors, prognosis and treatments by primary health-care providers to counteract the ascending burden of this disease.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2005

Background: Smoking effects are relatively well-documented, especially on cancers and cardiovascular diseases. However, the direction and magnitude of association between smoking and obesity remain unclear. Conflicting results so far are thought to stem from the multiple confounding structure of smoking and other obesogenic life style characteristics. Methods: Cotwin control study is a genomic epidemiology design, in which the other twin (=cotwin) serves as a control of the twin. Cotwin control study, discordant for smoking habits can provide powerful evidence of association between smoking and obesity by completely matching genomic information, intrauterine environment, and almost all environmental factors. We selected 3,697 like-sex twin pairs (2,762 male and 935 female pairs) out of 63,666 pairs of adult twins in the existing Korea Twin and Family Register, whose smoking habits are discordant. We used the information of obesity as body mass index (BMI, $kg/m^2$) blood pressure, and blood cholesterol level at the time or later than the smoking information. Paired t-test was done to compare the smoking effects. Results: Lifetime smoking rate was 80.1 % (47.9 current smoker) for men and 10% (1.7% current smoker) for women. Among 2,762 and 935 male and female like-sex twin pairs, 363 male pairs and 20 female pairs correspond to the definition of smoker-nonsmoker pair. The male smokers demonstrated increase in BMI by 0.47, while female smokers show slight decrease (by 0.13), which were not statistically significant. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol level were slightly increased among smokers by 1.85 mmHg, 0.62 mmHg, and 1.28 mg/dl for men. For women, the results show increase in diastolic blood pressure (3.42mmHg) and cholesterol level (1.25 mg/dl), and systolic pressure (8.17 mmHg). Conclusion: The results refute the possibility that smoking can reduce BMI. Considering the direct adverse effect of smoking, it should be emphasized that smoking do not decrease obesity and thus increase overall metabolic syndrome.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2009

Pure Ti as well as Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibit excellent properties for dental implant applications. However, for a better biocompatibility it seems important to avoid in the composition the presence of V due to the toxic effects of V ion release. Thus Al and V free and composed of non-toxic element such as Nb, Zr alloys as biomaterials have been developed. Especially, Zr contains to same family in periodic table as Ti. The addition of Zr to Ti alloy has an excellent mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In this study, the electrochemical characteristics of Ti-Zr alloys for biomaterials have been investigated using by electrochemical methods. Methods: Ti-Zr(10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) alloys were prepared by arc melting and homogenized for 24 hr at $1000^{\circ}C$ in argon atmosphere. Phase constitutions and microstructure of the specimens were characterized by XRD, OM and SEM. The corrosion properties of the specimens were examined through potentiodynamic test (potential range of -1500 ~ 2000 mV), potentiostatic test (const. potential of 300 mV) in artificial saliva solution by potentiostat (EG&G Co, PARSTAT 2273. USA).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2014

Maesa japonica (Thunb.) is an evergreen shrub belonged to the Myrsinaceae family, which was discovered in 2006 in South Korea. And, its biological functions have not been well studied. In this study, we determined the antioxidant activities, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract and the solvent fractions of M. japonica leaves and twigs. The highest antioxidant activity obtained by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and reducing power assay was found in the ethylacetate fraction of twigs methanol extract, which contained the highest level of total phenolic compounds compared to the other fractions. In addition, ethylacetate fraction of twigs extract exhibited higher inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=0.8{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) compared to the $IC_{50}$ of the buthanol fraction ($IC_{50}=16{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) of leaves extract. It showed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii. Although the data is too limited, the current study is the first report on biological functions of M. japonica.