• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.395-398
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• 1991

Physiological reactions of 24 six months old (22.7 kg. body weight) Barki ram lambs, to hot summer conditions, as influenced by asbestos shading at Maryout area were studied. Animals (12 shaded and 12 Unshaded) developed hyperthermia during summer as their rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) were always higher (p<0.01) than normal. Asbestos shading caused higher (p<0.05) RT and RR ($39.5^{\circ}C$ and 69.9 r.p.m. vs. 39.2 and 45.7 r.p.m.) of rams at morning (6-8 a.m.) which became lower ($39.9^{\circ}C$ and 104.3 r.p.m. vs. $40.1^{\circ}C$ and 120.5 r.p.m.) in afternoon (2-4 p.m.) as compared to sun exposure. Shading also resulted in higher hematocrit value (PCV) (35.3% vs. 33.0%) and lower (p<0.05) daily weight gain (128.57 vs. 131.43 g). Diurnal (p<0.01) and monthly (p<0.05) RT and RR changes were closely associated with air temperature (AT) fluctuations. Monthly variation (p<0.05) in PCV was evident. Puberty was reached one month later in the shaded as compared to the unshaded group (265 vs. 232.3 day, respectively). It is concluded that asbestos shading prevents efficient heat dissipation to the sky by hyperthermic rams during summer nights. Construction materials for animal shelters are of extreme practical importance.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

Purpose: To describe the early experience of analyzing variations and time trends in bladder volume of the rectal cancer patients who received bladder ultrasound scan. Materials and Methods: We identified 20 consecutive rectal cancer patients who received whole pelvic radiotherapy (RT) and bladder ultrasound scan between February and April 2012. Before simulation and during the entire course of treatment, patients were scanned with portable automated ultrasonic bladder scanner, 5 times consecutively, and the median value was reported. Then a radiation oncologist contoured the bladder inner wall shown on simulation computed tomography (CT) and calculated its volume. Results: Before simulation, the median bladder volume measured using simulation CT and bladder ultrasound scan was 427 mL (range, 74 to 1,172 mL) and 417 mL (range, 147 to 1,245 mL), respectively. There was strong linear correlation (R = 0.93, p < 0.001) between the two results. During the course of treatment, there were wide variations in the bladder volume and every time, measurements were below the baseline with statistical significance (12/16). At 6 weeks after RT, the median volume was reduced by 59.3% to 175 mL. Compared to the baseline, bladder volume was reduced by 38% or 161 mL on average every week for 6 weeks. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is the first to prove that there are bladder volume variations and a reduction in bladder volume in rectal cancer patients. Moreover, our results will serve as the basis for implementation of bladder training to patients receiving RT with full bladder.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 1994

We present here a new PCR-based cloning technique that allows the different PCR products during mouse embryogenesis. Recently, mRNA differential display described by Liang & Pardee (Science 257, 1992) and re-confirmed by Zimermann & Schultz (PNAS 91,1994). This method will detect the appropriate changes in the temporal patterns of expression or in the transition from maternal control to zygotic control as well as the functional difference of embryo with polyspermy or monospermy, the difference of expression between successfully hatched blastocyst and blastocyst failed to hatching, response to agents, and cell cycle regulation. By this methods, we have cloned an eDNA, which showed mouse 2 cell specific expression. Genomic DNA digested with EcoRI showed approximately 15 kb and then showed higher expression in fetal liver rather than adult liver. Furthermore, this gene is likely to have 2 mRNA by alternative splicing.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2020

Purpose: This study is a comparative analysis of the strain according to deposition in a constant temperature water bath after manufacturing ultraviolet (UV)-cured artificial teeth. Methods: As a control group, 10 ready-made artificial teeth were selected as the first molar on the right side of the maxilla (RT group). Silicone was used as a duplicate of the artificial denture teeth. Experimental teeth were prepared in two groups using the prepared silicone mold. In the first experimental group, the UV-cured resin was injected into the negative silicone, followed by irradiation with a UV-curing machine for 5 minutes (5M group). In the second experimental group, the UV-cured resin was injected into the negative silicone, and then irradiated for 30 minutes using a UV-curing machine (30M group). The one-way ANOVA was performed, and post-test was analyzed by Tukey. Results: When immersed in a water bath for 15 days, it was found to be -0.3% in the RT group, -0.6% in the 5M group, and -0.7% in the 30M group. The results revealed -0.2% in the RT group, 0.2% in the 5M group, and -0.2% in the 30M group when they were in the bath for 30 days. Conclusion: In the water bath, the swelling was greater when deposited for 1 to 15 days, but was less when deposited for 15 to 30 days.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2005

There is a potential role of collagenase-3 in alveolar bone loss and periodontal disease progression, we need to develope or find chemotherapeutic drugs or herbal agents which may regulate the expression of MMP-13. Ginseng saponin, one of the major components of Korea ginseng(panax ginseng) root, has many various biologic effects, such as cytotoxic effect, tumoricidal effects, cytokine regulations, and protein biosynthesis effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Korea red ginseng saponin on MMP-13 gene expression in osteoblasts. The experimental groups were cultured with ginseng saponin in concentration of 1.0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ for MTT assay. Primary rat calvarial cells were pre-treated for 1 hour with ginseng saponin(100 ${\mu}g/ml$) and then stimulated with $IL-1{\beta}(1.0ng/ml)$ and PTH(10 nM). MMP-13 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. The results were as follows: Ginseng saponin was cytotoxic to osteoblast at concentration exceeding $250{\mu}g/ml$ for longer than 24 hours in tissue culture(p<0.01). In RT-PCR analysis, steady state MMP-13 mRNA levels were increased approximately 350% by $IL-1{\beta}$, and 400% by PTH when normalized to untreated control. $IL-1{\beta}-indued$ MMP-13 mRNA expression was reduced 50% by pretreatment with ginseng saponin. But ginseng saponin didn't inhibit MMP-13 expression from PTH stimulated cells. This results suggest that ginseng saponin Inhibit $IL-1{\beta}-indued$ MMP-13 mRNA expression.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.427-437
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• 2019

Waste materials are being produced in huge quantities globally, and the usual practice is to dump them into legal or illegal landfills. Recycled tiles (RT) are being used in soil stabilisation which is considered as sustainable solution to reduce the amount of waste and solve the geotechnical problems. Although the stabilisation of soil using RT improved the soil properties, it could not achieve the standard values required for construction. Thus, this study uses 20% RT together with low cement content (2%) to stabilise soft soil. Series of consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted on untreated and RT-cement treated samples. Each test was performed at 7, 14, and 28 days curing period and 50, 100, and 200 kPa confining pressures. The results revealed an improvement in the undrained shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal frication angle) of treated specimens compared to the untreated ones. The cohesion and friction angle of the treated samples were increased with the increase in curing time and confining pressure. The peak deviator stress of treated samples increases with the increment of either the effective confining pressures or the curing period. Microstructural and chemical tests were performed on both untreated and RT-cement treated samples, which included field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The results indicated the formation of cementation compounds such as calcium aluminium hydrate (C-A-H) within the treated samples. Consequently, the newly formed compounds were responsible for the improvement observed in the results of the triaxial tests. This research promotes the utilisation of RT to reduce the amount of cement used in soil stabilisation for cleaner planet and sustainable environment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.129-135
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• 2005

Lectins from Allomyrina dichotoma (ADL) and Bombyx mori (BML) were partially purified by physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration column chromatography on Sephadex G-200. An assay for cytokine expression was carried out by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). mRNA isolated from PBMC(human peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were stimulated with ADL(O.D.=0.2) and BML(O.D.=0.1) for various times(1,4,8,24,48 and 72 h) and various cytokine mRNA assessed by RT-PCR were shown as follows: The patterns of bands for IL-1 mRNA of BML were very similar with those from ADL and these bands were decreased along the increasing reaction times after showing a strong band at 1 h. However mRNA expressions for IL-2, IL-6, $IFN{\gamma}$ and $TNF{\alpha}$ showed different patterns between ADL and BML. With the effect of ADL, the expression of IL-2 and IL-6 mRNA were continuously detected until 72 h with the strongest band of IL-2 mRNA at 24 h. The strong bands of $IFN{\gamma}$ mRNA were observed from 4 to 8 h but the strongest one of $TNF{\alpha}$ was just observed at 1 h. Meanwhile with BML, the bands for IL-2 and $IFN{\gamma}$ were increased along the increasing reaction times until 72 h. The strongest bands were showed from 4 to 8 h with IL-6 and at 8 h with $TNF[\alpha}$. To verify quantitatively ELISA was used for assay of protein secretions of the cytokine gene with IL-2 and $IFN{\gamma}$ expressed markedly different in RT-PCR. The highest cytokine secretion for IL-2 was demonstrated at 48 h. The production of $IFN{\gamma}$ was markedly increased at 24 h and secreted highest at 72 h. These result suggest that ADL and BML, as inducers of cytokines, can elicit detectable cytokine mRNA from PBMC within the first few hours of stimulation and maintain the production of cytokines for a few days by the methods of RT-PCR and ELISA.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was undertaken to retrospectively evaluate white blood ceil kinetics, especially lymphocyte depression after different treatments, and to find the correlation between immunosuppression and large blood volume and dynamic blood flow within the mediastinal radiotherapy (RT) field in lung cancer. Materials and Methods : Thirty-four patients with lung cancer were retrospectively evaluated; 10 patients had only radiotherapy (RT group), 8 had chemotherapy (CT group) and 16 fad chemotherapy and radio-therapy (RT/CT group). The mean follow-up periods of the RT-including groups (RT group and RT/CT group) and the RT-excluding group (CT group) were 6 and 8 months, respectively. Complete blood cell counts including lymphocyte percentage $(\%)$ were checked weekly during RT but less frequently during CT and after RT and after RT. Results : Changes in total white blood cell counts were not significantly different among the three groups. The lymphocyte count and lymphocyte $\%$ were much lower in the RT-including groups than in the RT-excluding group. The difference between pre-treatment and final lymphocyte count and the difference between pre-treatment and final lymphocyte $\%$ were significant (p=0.044 and p=0.037) between the RT-including groups and the RT-excluding group. Conclusion : lymphopenia was more marked after treatment containing RT than CT only. Lymphopenia may be one cause of a compromised immune system after mediastinal irradiation in lung cancer. We suggest cautiously that previous studies showing evidence of lymphocyte apoptosis after low-dose irradiation and large blood volume and dynamic blood flow within the RT fields could be somewhat related to lymphopenia after mediastinal irradiation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2013

The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) release assay (IGRA) have been widely used for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). In order to overcome limitations of current LTBI diagnostic methods, the development of a novel molecular assay which is able to measure the IFN-${\gamma}$ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) specific antigen was recently developed. The ability of a molecular assay to detect MTB infection was similar to commercial IGRA however, the optimal incubation time for stimulating IFN-${\gamma}$ was not yet established. Therefore, in this study the direct comparisons of MTB Ag stimulation times (4 and 24 hrs) were performed for diagnosis of MTB infection. Data showed that the coincident rate between QFT-GIT IFN-${\gamma}$ ELISA and IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR (4 hrs) was 88.35% and that of QFT-GIT and IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR (24 hrs) was 70.85%. Based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the 4 hrs-MTB specific Ag stimulation time for IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR had the significant P value, 95% CI value, and AUC (P < 0.0001, 95% CI=0.82 to 1.02, and AUC=0.9214) in comparison with 24 hrs-MTB specific Ag stimulation time (P = 0.009, 95% CI=0.06 to 0.94, and AUC=0.7711). These results show that 4-hr was the most optimal MTB Ag stimulation time for performing IFN-${\gamma}$ RT-PCR. Although semi-quantitative RT-PCR had a few analytical limitations, it might be useful as an alternative molecular diagnostic method for detecting MTB infection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.509-526
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• 2000

It is known that injuries to the dentin have a corresponding inflammatory effect on the pulp and these inflammatory effects frequently result in pulpal pathoses due to progressive degradation of pulpal connective tissue. It was supposed that the tissue degradation in different inflammatory process was controlled by proteinase activity and antiproteinase activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the pulp and periapical pathoses in terms of the activities of proteinase and proteinase inhibitor, 37 pulpal tissues were divided by clinical diagnostic criteria into normal pulp, acute inflamed pulp, and chronic inflamed pulp, and then those groups were subdivided by histopathological findings into 5 pulpal pathoses groups, i.e. normal pulp (P1, n=8), chronic pulpitis with fibrotic change (P2, n=2), chronic pulpitis with dystrophic calcification (P3, n=11), chronic pulpitis with pulp abscess (P4, n=7), acute pulpitis with necrotic change (P5, n=4), 26 periapical tissues were also divided by ordinary histopathological findings into 3 periapical pathoses group, i.e., granuloma (A1, n=17), cyst (A2, n=2) and abscess (A3, n=7). The activities of proteinases (cathepsin G, MMP-3) and proteinase inhibitors (${\alpha}1$-AT, TIMP-1 and, SLPI) were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows. 1. Generally, the intensity of immunohistochemical staining of proteinases and proteinase inhibitors increased in P2 and P5 groups compared to P1 group. 2. The immunohistochemical stain of proteinases and proteinase inhibitors was intensely detected in P2 group, showing low inflammatory reaction and low tissue degradation, but it was reduced in P3 and P4 groups, showing severe tissue degradation. 3. The distribution of proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in pulpal pathoses was consistently presented by immunohistochemical staining, while the expression of proteinase and/or proteinase inhibitors mRNAs in pulpal pathoses was occasionally detected by RT-PCR methods. 4. RT-PCR of proteinase and proteinase inhibitors was usually positive in P2, showing rare tissue degradation, but it was almost negative in P3 and P4, showing severe tissue degradation. 5. We presume that the reason why the level of proteinase and proteinase inhibitors was so sparse in RT-PCR method is due to the abrupt decrease of mRNA synthesis or degradation of synthesized mRNA of proteinase and/or proteinase inhibitors depend on the inflammatory reaction and/or on the degradation of pulp tissues(P3, P4). 6. Pulpal pathoses groups showed significant lower RT-PCR detection of proteinases and proteinase inhibitors than the periapical pathoses group(p<0.05), and there is no significant difference among the periapical pathoses groups(p>0.05).