• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2002

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.570-577
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• 2010

Water gets magnetically charged when it is contacted with a magnet. Although magnetic water products have been promoted since the 1930's, they have received very little recognition due to questionable effectiveness. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a widely occurring nitrosamine that is one of the most important environmental carcinogens primarily inducing tumors of liver. In this study, the effect of magnetized water supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage in ICR mice treated with DEN was evaluated using the Comet assay. Mice were divided into 3 groups: control, DEN, and DEN + magnetized water group. Fifteen mice were maintained in each group for the entire experimental period of 6, 12 and 18 weeks. Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12, and 18th weeks, followed by the Comet assay using the blood obtained from heart puncture of the mice. The level of lymphocyte DNA damage reflected by tail moment and other DNA damage indices of tail DNA (%) or tail length of the magnetized water group were significantly decreased after the 6th, 12th and 18th weeks of supplementation compared with the positive control, the DEN group. The relative DNA damage of the magnetized water groups compared to the DEN control group after 6th, 12th, and 18th weeks of supplementation were 42.2%, 40.8%, and 32.9% for DNA in tail, 31.2%, 32.6%, and 21.3% for tail length, and 33.8%, 33.8%, and 24.6% for tail moment, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating that magnetized water may be involved in the lowering effect of the DNA damage in DEN-treated ICR mice. This result suggests that the magnetized water might have minimized the DNA damage by improving the antioxidant status of the mice. However, further studies are needed to characterize the condition of the magnetization and examine the long-term effect of the water product.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.275-276
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• 1996

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 1991

The filter elution technique was used to assay $^{60}Co$ $\gamma$ ray-induced DNA strand breaks(SB) in EL4 mouse leukemia cell and mouse spleen lymphocyte. The lymphocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $20{\mu}g/ml$) to label $[^3H]$ thymidine. EL4 cells and lymphocytes in suspension were exposed at $0^{\circ}C$ to 0Gy, 1Gy, 5Gy, 10Gy or l5Gy for DNA single strand breaks(SSB) assay and 0Gy, 25Gy, 50Gy, 75Gy or 100Gy for DNA double strand breaks(DSB) assay of $^{60}Co$ radiation and elution procedure was performed at pH12.1 and 9.6. The number of DNA strand breaks increased with increasing doses of r rays. The strand scission factor(SSF) was estimated in each experiment (eluted volume 21ml). The slope of SSB EL4 cells was $0.01301{\pm}0.00096Gy^{-1}$ (n=5), the slope of SSB for lymphocytes was $0.01097{\pm}0.00091Gy^{-1}$ (n=5) and the slope of DSB for lymphocytes was $0.001707{\pm}0.0000573Gy^{-1}$ (n=5). Thus EL4 cells were more sensitive to induction of DNA SSB by ionizing radiation than lymphocytes (p<0.005). The ratio of slope of dose-response relationship (SSF versus dose) of lymphocytes DNA SSB as compared with the slope of DNA DSB was 6.4.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 1998

In this study, the effect of 70% ethyl alcohol fraction of Cervus nippon(CN-E) on mouse T-lymphocyte was investigated in vivo. The administration of CN-E(100 mg/kg) enhanced the proliferation of thymocytes, the population of $CD4^+CD8^-$ single-positive cells and the production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ in thymocytes and splenocytes. The administration of CN-E did not induce DNA fragmentation and reduce mitochondrial transmembrane potential in thymocytes. These results indicate that the CN-E contams a stimulative component on the proliferation of thymocytes, the population of $T_H$ cells and the production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ in T-lymphocytes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.597-607
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• 1996

Genotoxic agents can induce various DNA lesions. DNA-Protein Crosslinks(DPCs) were known as the important DNA lesions which could impair gene expression because DPCs had a high probability of resisting repair and persisting through cell cycle. This repair resistance of DPCs could have biological significance but had not been evaluated clearly yet. Most of the studies that have evaluated the repair of DPCs only compared the extent of DPCs repair with other DNA lesions. We injected $K_2CrO_4$, a genotoxic agent, into Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally(5mg/kg) and isolated blood lymphocytes 12 hours later. These lymphocytes were cultured in the mitogen added growth media and mitogen free media separately. The degree of the repair of DPCs was monitored for 4 days by the K-SDS assay. 4 days later, the amount of DPCs decreased by 4.6% in the mitogen added media high increased by 10.9% in the mitogen free media. These results showed that DPCs induced by $K_2CrO_4$ were not repaired easily and the DPCs were biologically significant DNA lesions. We thought the decrease of DPCs in the mitogen added media was not due to the repair of DPCs, but from the increase of normal cell proliferation. Therefore, it is very important to consider the proliferation of normal cells when estimating the repair of DPCs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2006

Smoking is well known to be associated with increased indices of tree radical-mediated damage of DNA, indicating that smoking may exacerbate the initiation and propagation of oxidative stresses, which are potential underlying processes in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a daily regimen of green vegetable drink supplementation to smokers can be protective against endogenous lymphocytic DNA damage and whether it could enhance other antioxidant status. Twenty nonsmokers and nineteen smokers aged 23-60 were given 240 ml of green vegetable drink every day for 8 weeks in addition to their normal diet, and blood samples were drawn before and after the intervention. The 8 weeks of green vegetable drink consumption resulted in a significant decrease (p = 0.000, by paired t-test) in lymphocyte DNA damage expressed by TL (before: $63.13{\pm}1.05$ vs after: $37.86{\pm}10.83$, before: $66.73{\pm}1.24$ vs after: $36.51{\pm}1.13$), TM (before: $14.55{\pm}0.61$ vs after: $6.61{\pm}0.25$, before: $15.36{\pm}0.45$ vs after: $6.65{\pm}0.38$) and $\%$ DNA in tail (before: $19.7{\pm}0.41$ vs after: $16.6{\pm}0.37$, before: $20.6{\pm}0.31$ vs after: $17.1{\pm}0.5$) in both nonsmokers and smokers respectively. Vitamin C and TRAP level was not significantly changed after the supplementation. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that green vegetable drink exert a cancer-protective effect partially via a decrease in oxidative damage to DNA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.600-610
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• 2008

A cancer-associated antigen gene (CAGE) was identified by serological analysis of a recombinant cDNA expression library (SEREX). The gene was identified by screening cDNA expression libraries of human testis and gastric cancer cell lines with sera from patients with gastric cancer. CAGE was found to contain a D-E-A-D box domain and encodes a putative protein of 630 amino acids with possible helicase activity. The CAGE gene is widely expressed in various cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Demethylation plays a role in the activation of CAGE in certain cancer cell lines where the gene is not expressed. The functional roles of CAGE in tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms of CAGE expression, and cell motility are also discussed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.718-723
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• 1998

The effect of glycyrrhizin on melanoma cells was investigated. DNA fragmentation in cultured melanoma cells was promoted by the addition of glycyrrhizin in a dose dependent manner. Administration(i.m.) of glycyrrhizin to Mel/ret transgenic mice resulted in apoptosis induction, reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in melanoma cells. Decreased B220+ B cells were recovered by the treatment of glycyrrhizin in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells, while Thy-1+ T cells were not influenced. Results suggested that glycyrrhizin acted as an inducer of apoptosis of melanoma cells and an immuno-potentiator via recovered B lymphocyte population in Mel/ret transgenic mice.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species can be generated in the skin by hair dyeing. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of the oxidative-type hair dye application in young women on the antioxidant systems. We investigated the lipid peroxide levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in plasma and erythrocytes and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes, and DNA damages in lymphocytes. Also, plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin A and E, were measured and the correlations between various antioxidant parameters and oxidative damages were evaluated The antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma (GSHPx) and in erythrocytes (SOD and CAT) were decreased significantly after hair dyeing. 1be lipid peroxide and GSH levels were not affected in both plasma and erythrocytes. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of both vitamin A and E between before and after hair dyeing. However, DNA damages expressed as the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL) were significantly (p<0.001) increased. The plasma vitamin E concentration was correlated with DNA damages (TEM: r=-0.590, p<0.01 and TL: r=-0.533. p<0.01) and RBC SOD activity (r=0.570, p<0.05). In turn, RBC SOD activity was significantly correlated with both plasma MDA levels (r=-0.412, p<0.05) and DNA damages (TM: r=-0.546, p<0.01, TL: r=-0.493, p<0.01). Our results demonstrated that the exposure to hair dyeing produced lymphocyte DNA damage and modification of the antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, there were very strong associations between plasma vitamin E concentration, RBC SOD activity and DNA damage induced by hair dyeing. It suggests that the antioxidant status of a subject is likely to be related to the extent of the harmful effects caused by hair dyeing.